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1.
Attia YA Hassan RA Tag El-Din AE Abou-Shehema BM 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2011,95(6):744-755
Four hundred and twenty, 21-day-old slow-growing chicks were divided randomly into seven treatments, each containing five replicates. Each replicate was kept in a 1 × 1-m floor pen. One treatment was kept under thermo-neutral conditions in a semi-open house and fed a corn-soybean meal diet (positive control). The other six groups were kept under chronic heat stress (CHS) at 38 °C and 60% RH for 4 h from 12:00 to 16:00 pm for three successive days per week. Chicks in CHS treatments were fed a corn-soybean meal diet without (negative control) or with increasing metabolizable energy (ME) level by oil supplementation alone, or also with increasing some essential amino acids (EAA) such as methionine (Met), methionine and lysine (Met+Lys) or methionine, lysine and arginine (Met+Lys+Arg) or supplemented with 250 mg of ascorbic acid (AA)/kg. CHS impaired (p < 0.05) growth performance, increased plasma triglycerides and total serum Ca while decreasing (p < 0.05) plasma glucose and total serum protein. Meanwhile 250 mg AA/kg diet or an increasing ME without or with some EAA partially alleviated (p < 0.0001) the negative effect of CHS on growth while increasing (p < 0.05) feed intake and improving (p < 0.05) feed:gain ratio (F:G) and crude protein (CP) digestibility (p < 0.05). AA or increasing ME with or without EAA increased (p < 0.05) percentage dressing, liver and giblets to those of the positive control. AA or increasing ME with or without EAA partially alleviated the negative effect of CHS on blood pH, packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hgb), total serum protein and total Ca, plasma glucose and triglyceride, rectal temperature and respiration rate. Increasing ME level improved chickens' tolerance to CHS without a significant difference from those supplemented with AA. However, increasing Met, Lys and Arg concentration did not improve performance over that recorded with increasing ME level alone. Under CHS, 250 mg AA/kg diet or increasing ME level by addition of 3% vegetable oil could be an useful approach to improve productive and physiological traits of slow-growing chicks, which may be applicable also to fast-growing one. 相似文献
2.
(1) Four chick experiments were conducted to determine toxicity estimates for basic zinc chloride (BZC) and basic copper chloride (BCC), now being used as sources for these minerals. (2) In experiment 1, New Hampshire x Columbian crossbred chicks were fed 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 3000 and 5000 mg Zn/kg from BZC (Zn5Cl2(OH)8). Broken-line regression analysis showed that the minimal toxic break points for chick weight gain and gain:food were 1720 and 2115 mg Zn/kg, respectively. (3) Crossbred chicks were fed 0, 150, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg Cu/kg from BCC (Cu2(OH)3C) in experiment 2. Regression analysis indicated that the minimal toxic break points for chick weight gain and gain:food were 642 and 781 mg Cu/kg, respectively. (4) In experiment 3, commercial broiler chicks were fed 0, 1500, 2000 and 2500 mg supplemental Zn/kg from BZC or 0, 500, 650 and 800 mg supplemental Cu/kg from BCC. Broiler chicks fed those high inclusion rates of Zn did not show reduced weight gain in comparison to chicks fed no supplemental Zn. All high concentrations of supplemental Cu depressed chick weight gain in comparison to control chicks. (5) Experiment 4 involved two separate 4 x 2 factorial designs with supplemental Zn (0, 2500, 3500 and 4500 mg/kg) or Cu (0, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg) and two breeds of chicks (crossbred and commercial). Significant interactions for weight gain, food intake, gain:food and liver Cu suggested that the crossbred and commercial chicks responded differently to high concentrations of supplementary dietary Cu. 相似文献
3.
Influence of dietary conjugated linoleic acid isomers on early inflammatory responses in male broiler chickens 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
1. The influence of dietary conjugated linoleic acid isomer (CLA, 0 and 10 g/kg) on the metabolic and physiological responses to immune stimulation induced by a single injection of Salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or repeated injections of LPS and Sephadex G-50 was determined in male broiler chicks. 2. In experiment 1, 10-d-old chicks were fed on experimental diets for 14 d and half of the birds fed on each diet were injected intraperitoneally with LPS (1.5 mg/kg body weight). In experiment 2,7-d-old chicks were fed on experimental diets for 18 d. Immune stimulation was started at 19 d old and continued for 5 d. Half of the birds fed on each diet were injected intraperitoneally with 0.25 mg/kg body weight of LPS at 19, 21 and 23 d of age, and with 250 mg/kg body weight of Sephadex at 20 and 22 d of age to stimulate the immune system. 3. In experiment 1, giving CLA prevented an increase in blood heterophil to lymphocyte ratio 7 h after a single injection of LPS, and increases in plasma ceruloplasmin and alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) 24 h after the injection, but not 7 h after the injection. CLA also prevented a decrease in food intake for 24 h after LPS injection. 4. In experiment 2, the CLA diet partially prevented reductions in body weight gain and weight gain to feed intake ratio caused by repeated injections of LPS and Sephadex. Feeding CLA prevented increases in plasma ceruloplasmin and AGP at 24 d of age caused by repeated injections of LPS and Sephadex, but not at 20 d of age. 5. These results suggest that feeding CLA alleviates some undesirable metabolic and physiological changes induced by immunological stimulation in male broiler chicks. 相似文献
4.
1. The effects of drying cassava root at different rates on its composition and toxicity to broiler chicks were examined. Unpeeled roots from a high-cyanide cultivar of cassava were chipped and dried at 25 degrees C to a moisture content of below 100 g/kg over 24 h for fast-dried meal (FD) or 72 h for slow-dried meal (SD). The meals were incorporated at 250 and 500 g/kg into semi-synthetic diets which were fed to day-old broiler chicks as mash or pellets in separate experiments. 2. The two drying rates produced meals with similar concentrations of polyphenols, but different concentrations of cyanogens, the latter being 38 and 482 mg total cyanide/kg for SD and FD, respectively. The linamarin, acetonecyanohydrin or total cyanide content measurements of pelleted diets were highly correlated. 3. Growth rates of chicks fed on SD-based diets were significantly higher than those of chicks fed on FD-based diets. Compared with a control diet, weight gain of chicks fed on the 500 g FD/kg diet (containing 258 mg total cyanide/kg) was 77% lower, although performance also appeared to be reduced at 142 mg total cyanide/kg. 4. The ratio of water:food intake of chicks was higher in FD than in SD groups, and this was reflected in the high water content of excreta. There was increased bile excretion, the chloretic effect increasing with the cyanogen content of diet. Pancreas weights were lower in FD than in SD groups in experiment 1 (mash diets), but not in experiment 2 (pelleted diets), while there was a significant interaction between drying method and cassava inclusion rate on liver weight in experiment 2, but not in experiment 1. There were no effects on the mortality rate. 5. Pelleting of diets generated high temperatures, but did not significantly alter the cyanogen concentration or the growth of the chicks. 6. Thus, slower rates of drying cassava roots produce meals with lower cyanogen concentration that are, consequently, less toxic to broiler chicks. Cassava root meal of less than 40 mg total cyanide/kg can be fed to broiler chicks at 500 g/kg without any adverse effects. 相似文献
5.
The present study was initiated to determine whether dietary supplemental L-carnitine and ascorbic acid affect growth performance, carcass yield and composition, abdominal fat and plasma L-carnitine concentration of broiler chicks reared under normal and high temperature. During the experiment, two temperature regimes were employed in two experimental rooms, which were identical but different in environmental temperature. The regimes were thermoneutral (20-22 degrees C for 24 h) or recycling hot (34-36 degrees C for 8 h and 20-22 degrees C for 16 h). One-day-old broiler chicks (ROSS) were used in the experiment. A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement was employed with two levels (0 and 50 mg/kg) of supplemental L-carnitine and two levels (0 or 500 mg/kg) of supplemental ascorbic acid in drinking water under thermoneutral or high temperature regimes. Body weight gain was affected by high temperature. However, body weight gain was significantly improved in animals receiving supplemental L-carnitine, ascorbic acid or L-carnitine + ascorbic acid compared to animals receiving unsupplemented diet under high temperature. On the other hand, supplemental L-carnitine or L-carnitine + ascorbic acid reduced body weight gain under thermoneutral condition. Supplemental ascorbic acid significantly improved feed conversion efficiency, the improvement was relatively greater under high temperature. The L-carnitine content in the plasma was higher in the groups receiving supplemental L-carnitine and ascorbic acid under high temperature, while broilers fed supplemental L-carnitine and ascorbic acid had a decreased level of plasma L-carnitine concentration under normal temperature. It is concluded that dietary supplemental L-carnitine or L-carnitine + ascorbic acid may have positive effects on body weight gain, carcass weight under high temperature conditions. 相似文献
6.
Dietary L-carnitine increases plasma insulin-like growth factor-I concentration in chicks fed a diet with adequate dietary protein level 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1. The effect of L-carnitine supplemented into experimental diets with varying dietary protein concentrations (50, 200 and 400 g/kg) on body weight gain and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentration in chicks was examined. 2. Dietary L-carnitine supplementation provided 0, 200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Chicks were given the diet ad libitum for 10 d. 3. When L-carnitine was provided as 500 or 1000 mg/kg, body weight gain was significantly improved in birds receiving the 200 and 400 g protein/kg diets. 4. There was an interaction between dietary L-carnitine and protein content on plasma IGF-I concentration. L-carnitine supplementation had little influence on plasma IGF-I concentrations in birds receiving the low protein (50 g/kg) diet. When dietary L-carnitine concentrations were increased from 0 to 1000 mg/kg in the adequate protein (200 g/kg) diet, plasma IGF-I concentrations were also increased. However, when dietary L-carnitine content was more than 500 mg/kg in the 400 g/kg protein group, plasma IGF-I concentration decreased with increasing dietary L-carnitine content. 5. Body weight change correlated significantly with the alteration in plasma IGF-I concentrations in chicks given diets with adequate dietary protein. 6. In conclusion, the improvement in body weight gain caused by dietary L-carnitine supplementation was achieved when chicks were given their dietary protein requirement, which may be partially explained by an increase in plasma IGF-I concentration. 相似文献
7.
本试验旨在研究壳聚糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便评分及血清激素和T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。选取28日龄断奶的杜×大×长三元杂交仔猪60头,随机分为5组(每组12头):对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加250、500、1 000和2 000 mg/kg壳聚糖的试验饲粮。试验期14 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加250~2 000 mg/kg壳聚糖显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重(ADG)(P0.05),显著降低料重比(F/G)(P0.05);2)饲粮添加250~2 000 mg/kg壳聚糖显著降低试验第11天断奶仔猪的粪便评分(P0.05);3)饲粮添加适宜剂量的壳聚糖显著提高断奶仔猪的血清促生长激素释放激素(GHRH)(250~2 000 mg/kg)、生长激素(GH)(500~1 000 mg/kg)和瘦素(LP)(2 000 mg/kg)的浓度(P0.05),显著降低血清促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)(250~2 000 mg/kg)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)(500~1 000 mg/kg)、皮质醇(COR)(250~2 000 mg/kg)和可溶性CD8(sCD8)(500~2 000 mg/kg)的浓度(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加适宜剂量的壳聚糖能够促进断奶仔猪的生长,降低腹泻,缓解断奶应激。 相似文献
8.
饲粮不同锰水平对肉仔鸡生长腿病发生率和某些血浆生化指标与免疫参数的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用1日龄Arbor Acres雏鸡180只(公母各半),分成6组,分别喂以含Mn18ppm的玉米—豆饼基础饲粮和含Mn50、90、130、280和2840ppm的添加Mn饲粮28天,研究饲粮不同Mn水平对肉仔鸡生长、腿病发生率、某些血浆生化指标与免疫参数的影响。随饲粮Mn水平的提高,鸡体增重在90ppm时增至最大(P>0.05),然后到2840ppm时降至最低(P<0.05),采食量有类似趋势(P<0.05或0.01),饲料效率无明显变化(P>0.05);腿病发生率由基础饲组的56.7％逐渐降低到130ppm以上的10％左右;血浆葡萄糖浓度和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性分别在280ppm和2840ppm时增至最大(P<0.01),血浆总胆固醇、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白浓度和血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-px)活性未受到显著影响(P>0.05);胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏重量及血清H.I.抗体滴度无明显变化(P>0.05);肝、胰和跖骨灰Mn浓度线性上升(P<0.05或0.01),其中以跖骨灰Mn反应最敏感。 相似文献
9.
F Tortuero 《British poultry science》1992,33(5):1077-1084
1. A modified fluoride (F) bioassay procedure based on the method of standard additions and using chicks was tested for the determination of F availability in sepiolite. Chicks were distributed between a control group fed on a basal diet and experimental groups fed on this diet supplemented with 100, 200 or 300 mg/kg F as sodium fluoride. A further group was fed on the basal diet plus 2 g/kg sepiolite. 2. Body weight gain and food consumption during a 60 or 90 d study were similar for all treatments. 3. Ileal digestibility of F from the basal diet or from the diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg F as sodium fluoride was higher (0.907) than for chicks fed on the sepiolite diet (0.152). 4. Increases in the F contents of tibia ash were linearly related to dietary F concentration as sodium fluoride. 5. F contents of tibiae from the sepiolite group (at 60 or 90 d of age) were plotted against tibia F concentrations from groups receiving additional sodium fluoride in the diet. A weighted regression was performed. The values obtained for the relative available F from sepiolite were 0.213 and 0.150, respectively, at 60 and 90 d of age. 相似文献
10.
11.
饲用左旋咪唑对肉仔鸡免疫功能调节作用的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
试验用刚出壳的ＡＡ 商品代肉用公雏 ３７８ 只,随机分成 ３ 组,每组 １２６ 只分成 ９ 个重复。以玉米 豆粕型日粮为基础日粮,喂给三种日粮即无药组（１ 组或对照组）、添加左咪唑（ｌｅｖａｍ ｉｓｏｌｅ,ＬＥＶ）１０（２ 组）和３０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 饲料（３ 组）。检测肉仔鸡每周体重、耗料量,４ 和 ６ 周龄胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊重量及其免疫器官指数,以及外周血中 Ｔ 或Ｂ淋巴细胞对不同丝裂原的反应性。结果表明：（１）在肉仔鸡日粮中添加 ３０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 的 ＬＥＶ 可使胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊的重量及其指数明显增加（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）;添加１０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 的ＬＥＶ 对免疫器官重量也有一定的促进作用,但差异并不显著（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）。试验证明ＬＥＶ 对免疫器官的生长发育有明显的促进作用。（２）４２ 日龄时３ 组肉仔鸡外周血Ｔ 淋巴细胞对丝裂原 Ｃｏｎ Ａ刺激的反应性以及 Ｂ 淋巴细胞对丝裂原 ＬＰＳ刺激的反应性明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,说明添加３０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇＬＥＶ 会增强细胞免疫和体液免疫功能。（３）随着日粮中 ＬＥＶ 添加量的增加,肉仔鸡的增重速率和饲料转化率都有相应改善,添加 ３０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇＬＥＶ 对二者的改善程度分别为 ７．３３％ 和 ５．１５％ ,? 相似文献
12.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平壳聚糖对14~70日龄扬州鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、脏器指数及血清生化指标的影响,以确定鹅饲粮中壳聚糖适宜添加水平。选取360只14日龄健康、体重相近的扬州鹅公鹅,随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鹅。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加250、500、1 000和2 000 mg/kg壳聚糖的试验饲粮。试验期56 d。结果表明,与对照组相比:1)饲粮添加500 mg/kg壳聚糖显著提高了42、56和70日龄鹅体重及14~70日龄平均日采食量、平均日增重(P0.05),显著降低了14~70日龄料重比(P0.05)。2)饲粮添加250、500、1 000和2 000 mg/kg壳聚糖显著降低了鹅腹脂率(P0.05)。3)饲粮添加500 mg/kg壳聚糖显著提高了鹅心脏指数、肝脏指数、脾脏指数、空肠指数、回肠指数和盲肠指数(P0.05)。4)饲粮添加500 mg/kg壳聚糖显著提高了鹅血清球蛋白、葡萄糖含量(P0.05),显著降低了血清碱性磷酸酶活性(P0.05);饲粮添加250、500、1 000 mg/kg壳聚糖显著降低了血清中甘油三酯、总胆固醇含量(P0.05)。由此可知,饲粮中添加壳聚糖可以改善扬州鹅生长性能,对其屠宰性能、脏器指数和血清生化指标有一定影响。在生产实践中,扬州鹅饲粮中壳聚糖添加500 mg/kg效果最佳。 相似文献
13.
1. Broiler chicks fed on a diet containing 500 g/kg expeller copra cake of high residual oil content not only retained less dry matter and gained less weight than those fed on a control diet with no copra, they also experienced difficulty in achieving similar food intakes. 2. Chicks given the 500 g/kg copra ration initially displayed an excited behaviour pattern, which may have developed out of frustration as they could neither derive adequate nourishment from their food nor increase food intakes sufficiently to allow them to achieve their genetic potential for growth. 3. Chicks however showed considerable adaptation in that efficiency of food utilisation and intakes were increased gradually; the latter appeared to be partly regulated by an increased intake of water that was associated with copra feeding. The surface area of the intestines was also increased in order to facilitate the absorption of nutrients, and greater proportions of the nutrients absorbed were converted into body weight. 4. There were no significant differences in 7-week body weights of chicks fed the control, 125 g/kg and 250 g/kg copra diets. Although weight gains at the 500 g/kg inclusion rate were lower, the carcases of these chicks had less abdominal fat and were consequently leaner. 相似文献
14.
1. Citrus pectin (40 g/kg diet) significantly depressed weight gain and food utilisation when fed to young chicks. This effect was not associated with pathological manifestations or signs of deficiency. 2. Feeding pectin at 40 g/kg diet did not affect the retention of energy, nitrogen, lipids or calcium, but decreased serum and liver total cholesterol and altered the glucose tolerance of chicks by retarding clearance of ingested glucose from blood. 3. Supplementation of the pectin‐containing diet with penicillin (70 mg/ kg), with selected essential elements and vitamins, or increasing the energy density of the diet had no ameliorating effect on the depressed growth. 4. Pair‐feeding showed that pectin depressed food intake, reduced carcase lipid content and increased carcase moisture content. 相似文献
15.
1. The effect of increasing dietary selenium (Se) on production performance and immune responses in growing (0 to 6 weeks) Japanese quail was investigated. 2. One-day-old chicks (240) were randomly selected and divided into 12 groups with 20 chicks in each group (3 dietary treatments x 4 replicates). The basal diet contained 0.2 mg Se/kg and the two experimental diets were supplemented with 0.5 and 1.0 mg Se/kg. 3. Body weight gain, food intake and food conversion ratio and mortality were not affected by Se supplementation. 4. On d 28, antibody responses to inoculated sheep red blood cells were determined. Antibody titres were significantly higher after feeding the two Se-supplemented diets. 5. During week 4, the response to intradermally injected phytohaemagglutinin, an index of the in vivo cell-mediated immune response, was shown to be increased in the groups fed on the Se-supplemented diets. 6. After 6 weeks, the relative weights of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus were greater in the chicks given the Se-supplemented diets but there was no effect on the relative weight of spleen and liver. 7. It is concluded that supplementing the diet with Se has a beneficial effect on immune responses but does not affect production performance in growing Japanese quail. 相似文献
16.
多糖复合物--糖萜素对淡水白鲳生长和肉质指标作用的初级报告 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
试验以淡水白鲳为试验对象,报道不同浓度糖萜素对鱼类生长性能和肉质的影响。本试验分为5个试验组,每组设3个重复,每个重复10尾鱼。空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,其余4组为基础日粮添加不同浓度糖萜素,分别为125mg/kg;250mg/kg;500mg/kg;1000mg/kg糖萜素试验组。试验鱼体初重为(63.5±2.5)g,试验时间为30d。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,250mg/kg糖萜素增重率提高了57.14%(P<0.05);肌肉中胆固醇含量降低了46.05%(P>0.05);125mg/kg糖萜素和250mg/kg糖萜素血清中胆固醇含量分别比对照组降低21.00%(P>0.05)、11.00%(P>0.05),因此125mg/kg、250mg/kg糖萜素可以提高鱼类生长性能,降低血清和肌肉中胆固醇含量,从而糖萜素可以改善鱼肉品质。 相似文献
17.
Villar-Patiño G Díaz-Cruz A Avila-González E Guinzberg R Pablos JL Piña E 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(5):673-676
OBJECTIVE: To assess effects of high dietary amounts of vitamin C or vitamin E and oxidative stress on the heart and growth performance of broilers maintained at an altitude of 2,200 m above sea level. ANIMALS: 360 chicks (1-day-old broilers). PROCEDURE: Birds were randomly assigned to 3 groups (120 chicks/group). Each group of birds was fed a specific diet (control group, basal diet containing 12 mg of vitamin E (DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate)/kg of feed without additional ascorbic acid; vitamin E group, basal diet supplemented with 75 mg of vitamin E/kg of feed; and vitamin C group, basal diet supplemented with 400 mg of ascorbic acid/kg of feed) throughout the entire 7 weeks of the study. Feed consumption and body weight of chicks were recorded on a weekly basis. Nine randomly selected birds from each group were euthanatized each week. Remaining birds were euthanatized at the end of the study. Samples of cardiac tissues were obtained to measure thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), an indicator of oxidative stress. RESULTS: Vitamin E-supplemented diets resulted in better growth performance, lower rates of feed conversion, and lower TBARS content. Vitamin C-supplemented diets resulted in lower feed consumption and lower rates of feed conversion. When used separately, neither of the vitamins had any effect on mortality attributable to ascites syndrome. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: It is recommended that diets supplemented with vitamin C, vitamin E, or both be fed to broilers maintained at an altitude of 2,200 m above sea level to improve growth performance. 相似文献
18.
Floor pen studies were conducted, with broilers from 1 to 7 wk of age and with turkeys from 1 to 14 wk of age, to evaluate the chronic effects of moniliformin (M). Fusarium fujikuroi (M-1214) culture material was added to typical corn-soybean basal diets to supply 0, 25, or 50 mg M/kg diet (broilers) or 0, 12.5, 25, 37.5, or 50 mg M/kg diet (turkeys). Compared with controls, chicks fed diets containing 50 mg M/kg consumed more feed, had lower body weight gain, were less efficient in converting feed to body weight gain, and had increased relative heart and proventriculus weights. Chicks fed the diet containing 50 mg M/kg also had significantly higher mortality and decreased mean corpuscular volumes compared with controls. Broilers fed 25 and 50 mg M/kg also had increased serum gamma glutamyltransferase activities. Feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion of turkeys fed dietary M were not affected. At 6 and 14 wk, turkeys fed 25, 37.5, or 50 mg M/kg diet had increased (P < 0.05) relative heart weights when compared with controls. At week 14, turkeys fed diets containing 37.5 or 50 mg M/kg also had increased (P < 0.05) relative liver weights compared with turkeys fed 0, 12.5, or 25 mg M/kg diet. Lesions, observed only in the hearts of broilers and turkeys fed 50 mg M/kg, were loss of cardiomyocyte cross striations, increased cardiomyocyte nuclear size, and an increased number of cardiomyocyte mitotic figures (turkeys only). Results indicate that > or = 37.5 mg M/kg is hepatoxic and > or = 25 mg M/kg is cardiotoxic to turkeys and 50 mg M/kg diet is toxic to broilers fed to market age. 相似文献
19.
低聚木糖对生长肥育猪血浆生化参数和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究低聚木糖(XOS)对生长肥育猪血浆生化参数和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响。选取70日龄、平均体重约为30kg的杜×长×大三元杂交猪110头,随机分为11组,每组10头(公母各占1/2),单栏饲养。试验设对照组(饲喂基础饲粮),抗生素组(饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.04kg/t速大肥、0.2kg/t抗敌素的饲粮),30~65kg阶段100、250和500g/t XOS添加组(在30~65kg阶段分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加100、250和500g/t XOS的饲粮,在66~100kg阶段均饲喂基础饲粮),66~100kg阶段100、250和500g/t XOS添加组(在30~65kg阶段均饲喂基础饲粮,在66~100kg阶段分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加100、250和500g/t XOS的饲粮)以及30~100kg阶段100、250和500g/t XOS添加组(分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加100、250和500g/t XOS的饲粮)。于试猪平均体重达100kg(约170日龄)时,前腔静脉采血,离心分离血浆,测定生化参数;屠宰后取背最长肌和股二头肌样品,测定其脂肪酸组成。结果表明:与对照组相比,30~65kg阶段,饲粮添加100或500g/t XOS可显著降低股二头肌中十七烷酸(C17∶0)含量(P0.05);66~100kg阶段,饲粮添加250g/t XOS可显著增加股二头肌中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)+单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量(P0.05),添加100或500g/t XOS可显著增加股二头肌中花生烯酸(C20∶1)含量(P0.05);30~100kg阶段,饲粮添加100g/t XOS可显著增加背最长肌中油酸/亚油酸以及股二头肌中C20∶1、MUFA和SFA+MUFA含量(P0.05),添加100或250g/t XOS可显著降低血浆总胆固醇浓度(P0.05),添加500g/t XOS可显著增加血浆高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇浓度(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加一定剂量的XOS可通过调控与脂代谢相关的血浆生化参数、增加肌肉中MUFA和SFA+MUFA含量而改善猪肉的风味和营养价值,且以30~100kg阶段添加100g/t XOS为最佳。 相似文献
20.
1. Cysteamine hydrochloride, which is a potent inhibitor of somatostatin secretion, was fed to male broiler chicks at dietary inclusion rates of 0, 25, 125, 250, 600, 1200, 1800 and 2400 mg/kg during three separate experiments. 2. Weight gain, food intake and efficiency of food utilisation were measured weekly over a two (experiment 1 and 2) or three-week period (experiment 3) during which chicks were 3 to 10 d old (week 1) to 17 to 24 d old (week 3). 3. Cysteamine hydrochloride included in the food at 1200 and 1800 mg/kg resulted in a significant increase in efficiency of food utilisation, attributable to a significant decrease in food intake. 4. There was no difference in weight gains between chicks in the control group and those receiving 1200 mg/kg. However a significant decrease in weight gain was observed in chicks receiving 1800 mg/kg. 相似文献