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1.
作物高产群体LAI动态模拟模型的建立与检验   总被引：37，自引：7，他引：30  
针对目前已有群体叶面积指数（LAI）模拟模型形式多样、参数较多以及应用性不强等问题,对春玉米、水稻和冬小麦的LAI及出苗至成熟天数进行归一化处理,分别将最大LAI和出苗至成熟天数定为1,以相对LAI (0~1)和相对时间(0~1)为参数进行LAI动态模拟,筛选、建立了一个适用于这3种作物的相对化LAI动态模拟模型y= (a+bx) / (1+cx+dx2)。其中,春玉米y= (0.0134+0.3234x) / (1－2.774x+2.4178x2),r=0.9859**;水稻y= (0.0777+0.0205x) / (1－2.73744x+2.0484x2),r=0.9865**;冬小麦y= (0.0131+0.0035x) / (1－2.4515x+1.5273x2),r=0.9719**。利用该模型,自拔节期起就能够较准确地进行LAI的动态预测,其在春玉米、水稻和冬小麦上的准确度（以k表示）分别为1.050、1.0357和1.1168,精确度（以R2表示）分别为0.8728、0.9270和0.9254。3种作物整个生育期内模型的模拟值与测量值的精确度均在0.98以上,准确度达0.86以上,表明相对化LAI动态模型能够准确地反映作物群体动态变化。不仅可以计算出作物生育期间的平均LAI、总光合势,还能计算任一时刻的LAI以及任一时段的光合势。结合田间调查还可得到作物生长期间的平均净同化率和平均作物生长率等产量相关的重要生理参数。根据作物群体中各光合生理参数与产量的关系,提出了3种作物进一步增产的可能途径。  相似文献   

2.
为了实现遥感信息与作物模型相结合对镇江地区的水稻种植面积与产量的估测,以便于可以直接利用遥感信息与模型对该地区的水稻生长进行监测,将遥感资料与水稻生产模型(ORYZA2000)相结合,建立遥感数值模拟模型,进行由点及面的区域水稻种植面积及产量的估测。利用遥感数据（8天合成的MODIS和环境小卫星数据）,计算归一化植被指数(NDVI)和增强植被指数(EVI),结合试验区实测的叶面积指数(LAI),建立植被指数与LAI之间的关系,通过模型模拟出的LAI计算出植被指数的浮动值,结合相对应的多时相的遥感数据识别镇江市的水稻,由此可以预报镇江市的水稻种植面积及产量。研究结果表明,模型对水稻生长发育期内的生物量和LAI的模拟较好,水稻LAI与遥感资料计算出的植被指数EVI的幂函数拟合性较好,可以应用这种相关模式识别水稻,并结合ORYZA2000模型提高区域范围的水稻估测精度,同时也体现了遥感信息与作物模型相结合可以很好的监测区域内水稻的生长情况,取得较好的模拟效果。  相似文献   

3.
An irrigated field study was conducted to determine the relative importance and inter‐relationships of growth parameters of three dormant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars grown in the highlands of Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, in 2000–2003. The fast‐growing cultivar Savas had the greatest dry matter (DM) yield at the final sampling date with the greatest mean crop growth rate. In addition to a greater relative growth rate (RGR), this cultivar had more stem branching and greater leaf area in the canopy, which resulted in greater leaf area index (LAI) and greater leaf area duration. Despite the considerable increase in leaf area ratio (LAR: leaf area per unit shoot DM), the reduction in RGR of all cultivars over time was the result of a large decline in net assimilation rate (NAR) due to increasing specific leaf area (SLA). Intracultivar variation in the RGR of alfalfa is mainly determined by NAR and SLA, and both were significantly higher for Savas than the other two cultivars. The relative importance of NAR and SLA to RGR changed due to increasing self‐shading as the LAI of the canopy increased, creating a trade‐off between NAR and SLA.  相似文献   

4.
A Reid experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil moisture on growth of two mustard cultivars using classical and functional techniques of growth analysis. Two soil moisture levels were irrigated at 10-day intervals and a rainfed control was included. Total dry matter (TDM), leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD) were significantly increased by irrigation at most of stages of growth. Starting from a lower value, LAI and LAD reached a peak and then gradually declined. Among the growth attributes, crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf weight ratio (LWR) increased significantly under irrigation. Net assimilation rate (NAR) decreased more in the irrigated plants than the rainfed plants at the later stages of growth. LAR and LWR declined throughout with increasing time and plant weight. Seed yield of the irrigated plants was positively correlated with the pre-flowering LAI and the post-flowering CGR and NAR. In the rainfed plants, seed yield was positively correlated with LAI and CGR at the post-flowering stage and negatively with the post-flowering NAR and pre-flowering LAR.  相似文献   

5.
The spatially and temporally continuous leaf area index (LAI) mapping is very crucial for many agricultural applications, such as crop yield estimation and growth status monitoring. Data assimilation technology provides an innovational way to improve spatio-temporally continuous crop LAI estimation through integration of remotely sensed observations and crop growth models. In this study, a very fast simulated annealing (VFSA)-based variational assimilation scheme was proposed to integrate the crop growth model (CERES-Maize), MODIS reflectance product (MOD09A1) and a two-layer canopy reflectance model (ACRM) to estimate time-series crop LAI at regional scale. Simultaneously, a new sensitivity analysis method (called “histogram comparison”) was developed to identify sensitive parameters of CERES-Maize and ACRM models. The proposed scheme was applied for continuous crop LAI estimation during the maize growing season in the dominating spring maize planting area of Jilin province, China. Results showed that R2 values between LAI estimations from the proposed assimilation scheme (referred to as assimilated LAI) and fine resolution LAI reference maps were 0.24 and 0.63, with RMSE values of 0.21 and 0.54 for Julian day 176, 2010, and Julian day 196, 2010, respectively. The assimilated results were closer to LAI reference maps than the MODIS LAI product and ACRM-based inversion results (referred to as ACRM LAI). Moreover, by introducing the prior information of LAI dynamics depicted by a crop growth model, the assimilated LAI showed better temporal consistency than the MODIS LAI product, LAI profiles simulated by CERES-Maize model (referred to as CERES-Maize LAI), and ACRM LAI. It was found that the accuracies of LAI estimations could be enhanced by assimilating satellite observations into a crop simulation model in the VFSA framework at a regional scale.  相似文献   

6.
为了验证ORYZA2000模型在贵阳地区一季中稻的适应性,以贵阳地区2008-2009年气象资料为基础,采用2008-2009年‘金优527’、‘黔南优2058’、‘Q优6号’的田间试验数据对ORYZA2000模型进行校正,同时获取相关作物参数和开展模拟评价。结果表明,ORYZA2000模型对3个品种的地上部总生物量、茎生物量、穗生物量、绿叶生物量、叶面积指数、产量的NRMSE分别为：16.4%、22.5%、23.5%、26.5%、26.1%、11.3%。经过参数调试后的ORYZA2000模型能够比较准确地模拟贵阳地区一季中稻的生物量、叶面积动态变化及产量,尤其是在模拟产量、总生物量方面具有较高的准确性。  相似文献   

7.
Influence of Soil Moisture on Growth, Water Use and Yield of Mustard   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
A field experiment was conducted to study the influence of soil moisture on growth, water use and yield of mustard ( Brassica juncea L. cv. Rai 5 ). Two soil moisture regimes were rainfed and irrigated at 10 days interval throughout the growing season. The total amount of water received as irrigation was 110 mm and as rainfall was 15 mm. Total dry matter per unit ground area, leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were increased and leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf area (SLA) were decreased by irrigation. Chlorophyll content and relative leaf water content (RLWC) were increased by irrigation, but proline content was greater in the rainfed crop at both the flowering and pod-filling stages. Time taken to first flowering, duration of flowering, number of seeds/pod and harvest index were unaffected by irrigation. Plant height at harvest, number of pods/plant, seed yield and oil content of seeds were increased and 1000-seed weight was decreased by irrigation. The consumptive use of water increased with an increase in water supply, but the water use efficiency (WUE) was decreased.  相似文献   

8.
Crop models have been widely used in simulating and predicting changes in rice phenology in the major rice production regions of China, however the uncertainties in simulating crop phenology at a large scale and from different models were rarely investigated. In the present study, five rice phenological models/modules (i.e., CERES-Rice, ORYZA2000, RCM, Beta Model, SIMRIW) were firstly calibrated and validated based on a large number of rice phenological observations across China during 1981–2009. The inner workings of the models, as well as the simulated phenological response to climate change/variability, were compared to determine if the models adequately handled climatic changes and climatic variability. Results showed these models simulated rice phenological development over a large area fairly well after calibration, although the relative performance of the models varied in different regions. The simulated changes in rice phenology were generally consistent when temperatures were below the optimum; however varied largely when temperatures were above the optimum. The simulated rice growing season under future climate scenarios was shortened by about 0.45–5.78 days; but in northeastern China, increased temperature variability may prolong the growing season of rice. We concluded more modeling and experimental studies should be conducted to accelerate understanding of rice phenology development under extreme temperatures.  相似文献   

9.
不同氮素水平下双季稻株型与冠层内光截获特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本文旨在阐明双季稻株型与冠层内光合有效辐射截获的时空分布特征。选用4个不同株型早、晚稻品种,设置4个不同施氮水平,系统观测其植株形态和冠层内光合有效辐射截获率(IPAR)的时空分布状况。结果表明,施氮水平对早、晚稻株高、穗长、叶长和叶基角均有显著影响,均表现为随施氮水平的增加而增大;早、晚稻孕穗期的分层叶面积指数(LAI)和向上累积LAI大于抽穗后12 d,分层LAI呈冠层中部大于上部和下部的分布特征,最大分层LAI出现在0.58相对高度处;冠层上中部分层LAI和向上累积LAI随施氮水平的增加而增大;向上累积LAI随相对高度呈S型曲线分布,可用Logistic方程定量描述(R~2 0.99);早、晚稻孕穗期的冠层IPAR大于抽穗后12 d,且随施氮水平的增加而增大,其日变化表现为正午较小,早晚较大;株型紧凑的早、晚稻品种,冠层IPAR低;冠层IPAR与向下累积LAI之间的关系可用方程IPAR=a (1-e~(-b×LAI))定量描述(R~2 0.88);冠层内IPAR的三维空间分布表现为冠层上中部水平面上IPAR较低,光斑变化大,冠层下部水平面上IPAR较高,光斑变化较平缓,同一冠层高度水平面上的IPAR呈不均匀分布。研究结果可为双季稻高产栽培及理想株型的优化设计提供支撑。  相似文献   

10.
Experiment conducted with six pigeonpea cultivars over three seasons revealed that the critical leaf area index was 5.3 which coincided with the maximum crop growth rate and optimum net assimilation rate. It was also evident that the crop growth rate was influenced more by NAR rather than LAI. This study also suggests that by maintaining higher photosynthesis upto harvest, there is ample possibility to increase the crop growth rate till harvest.  相似文献   

11.
双季晚稻不同类型品种产量及其群体动态特征差异研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
在长江中游双季稻地区(江西上高),以籼粳杂交稻、杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻4种类型20个具有代表性的品种为材料,采用湿润育秧大苗移栽种植方式,设置各类型品种最适的高产栽培处理,系统比较分析了不同类型水稻品种产量及其构成、茎蘖动态、叶面积动态与组成、光合势、干物质积累、群体生长率和净同化率等方面的差异,以期为双季稻区适宜品种的选用以及高产栽培提供理论依据与技术支撑。结果表明,双季晚稻不同类型品种产量表现为籼粳杂交稻杂交粳稻常规粳稻杂交籼稻,差异极显著。籼粳杂交稻群体产量最高的原因是在保持一定穗数的基础上,极显著增加每穗粒数,进而提高群体颖花量,同时保持稳定的结实率和千粒重。与杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻群体相比,籼粳杂交稻群体茎蘖数于生育前期稳步增长,在有效分蘖临界叶龄期及时够苗,够苗后增长平缓,高峰苗数量较少、下降平缓,成穗率中等(73.19%左右);群体叶面积指数前期增长较缓,最大值出现在孕穗期,为7.93左右,此后平稳减少,抽穗期叶面积指数、有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率及粒叶比均极显著增高,成熟期仍保持3.85以上;群体干物质积累量有效分蘖临界叶龄期和拔节期少,拔节后干物质积累速度较快,孕穗期、抽穗期、乳熟期和成熟期显著或极显著增高,且生育中后期干物质积累比例高;群体光合势、群体生长率和净同化率表现为"前小,中高,后强"。  相似文献   

12.
Accurate modelling of plant development is the basis for any assessment of climate change impact on crop yields. Most rice models simulate development (phenology) based on temperature and photoperiod, but often the reliability of these models is reduced beyond the environment they were calibrated for. In our study, we tested the effects of relative air humidity and solar radiation on leaf appearance rate in greenhouse experiments and analysed data sets from field studies conducted in two extremely different rice-growing environments in Nepal and Senegal. We also analysed environmental effects on duration to flowering of one popular IRRI material (IR64) for eight different sites covering the entire temperature range where rice is widely cultivated. Both low relative air humidity and low solar radiation significantly decreased leaf appearance rate. Mean air temperature explained 81% of the variation in duration to flowering across sites, which was furthermore significantly influenced by relative air humidity. Across all sites, a simple linear regression approach including mean air temperature and mean relative humidity in the calculation of duration to flowering led to a root mean square error (RMSE) of 10 days, which was slightly lower than the RMSE of 11 days achieved with an automated calibration tool for parameter optimization of cardinal temperatures and photoperiod sensitivity. Parameter optimization for individual sites led to a much smaller prediction error, but also to large differences in cardinal temperatures between sites, mainly lower optimum temperatures for the cooler sites. To increase the predictive power of phenological models outside their calibration range and especially in climate change scenarios, a more mechanistic modelling approach is needed. A starting point could be including relative air humidity and radiation in the simulation procedure of crop development, and presumably, a closer link between growth and development procedures could help to increase the robustness of phenological models.  相似文献   

13.
水稻开花期抗旱性鉴定指标的筛选   总被引：40，自引：3，他引：40  
水稻抗旱性鉴定指标的筛选已成为水稻抗旱性研究课题的热点之一。本文利用10个水、旱稻品种（组合）,在开花期水分胁迫条件下,测定了剑叶叶绿素、脯氨酸、丙二醛、可溶性糖含量,叶片相对含水量,株高,叶面积及光合速率等10项与抗旱性有关的形态和生理指标,进行了主成分分析和逐步回归分析。结果表明,水稻开花期叶片脯氨酸含量、叶片相对含水量、气孔导度、叶面积等4项指标对水稻的抗旱性有显著影响,可作为水稻开花期抗旱性鉴定指标。利用所建立的最优回归方程对供试品种（组合）进行了抗旱性预测,结果与它们在田间表现基本一致, 表明用这4个指标在开花期对水稻抗旱性进行鉴定是可行的。  相似文献   

14.
不同水稻氮利用效率基因型的物质生产与积累特性   总被引：26，自引：4，他引：26  
选用氮素利用高效型和低效型具有代表性的12个粳稻品种，研究225 kg hm-2施氮条件下各基因型水稻物质生产与积累特性及其与氮利用效率的相互关系。结果表明，不同氮效率类型水稻群体茎蘖数没有鲜明的特征差异，但氮高效类型水稻的茎蘖成穗率极显著高于氮低效类型。氮高效类型水稻物质生产与积累具有“前稳、中小、后高”的特性，即在有效分蘖临界叶龄期前具有适宜的叶面积、光合势和群体生长速率，物质积累具一定优势，但其占全生育期总积累量的比例较少；有效分蘖临界叶龄至拔节阶段，无效分蘖发生少，叶面积指数、光合势、群体生长速率低，物质积累也不具优势；拔节以后，具有良好的群体质量，叶面积增长较快，群体光合势和生长速率加大，物质积累优势较为明显。不同氮效率类型水稻物质生产与积累的特性不仅可以解释水稻氮素利用的品种间差异，同时也为生产上提高水稻氮利用效率提供了可行的调控途径。  相似文献   

15.
Analysis of growth and yield of watermelon in relation to irrigation and N fertilization carried out at the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, during 1983–84 and 1984–85 indicated that frequent irrigations when the soil matric potential at 15 cm depth reached -25 kPa resulted in maximum dry matter accumulation and distribution, leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), net assimilation rate (NAR) and crop growth rate (CGR) leading to higher fruit yield as compared to irrigations at -50 and -75 kPa. Imposing a stress of -75 kPa either during pre-flowering or flowering or fruit development phase adversely affected various growth parameters resulting in reduced yield as compared to that irrigated uniformly at -25 kPa. Increasing levels of N fertilization increased the dry matter accumulation and distribution through higher LAI, LAD and CGR and contributed larger proportion of the dry matter to fruits resulting in higher fruit yield.  相似文献   

16.
晚籼稻抽穗期冷害生态适应性评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
选择生育期相近的迟熟高产杂交稻组合或水稻品种（品系）,在自然条件下分期播种,寻找水稻抽穗期冷害相关的形态评价指标,并对参试材料进行抽穗期耐冷生态适应性评价。抽穗期遭受低温冷害胁迫后,主要农艺性状中受冷害程度大小顺序依次是每穗实粒数、单蔸产量、结实率、每穗总粒数、株高、穗长、千粒重;单蔸产量相对受害率（ＲＤＰ）与每穗实粒数ＲＤＰ、结实率ＲＤＰ、剑叶叶色分、抽穗期延尺天数分成极显著正相关。在低温冷害胁迫条件下,水稻不同基因型的抽穗期耐冷能力存在明显的差异。将判别水稻抽穗期耐冷能力的形态指标－－每穗实粒数ＲＤＰ、结实率ＲＤＰ、剑叶叶色、抽穗期延迟天数、苞穗率增加值进行量化,综合判别参试材料抽穗期对低温冷害的生态适应性。研究结果表明：籼穗交材料９５ＬＲ１０２后期耐冷能力强;带有部分粳稻血缘、正在生产中大面积种植的杂交稻  相似文献   

17.
甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的冠层结构与光合特性   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
旨在阐明甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的冠层结构与光合特性。以甬优籼粳杂交稻(A)为研究对象,以三系杂交粳稻(B)、超级常规粳稻(C)和超级杂交籼稻(D)为对照,在机插高产栽培条件下,对不同类型水稻的叶片受光姿态和群体冠层光分布、光合特性系统比较研究。结果表明:(1)上3张叶片的长度、宽度表现为ABDC,叶基角表现为DABC,披垂度表现为DBCA。冠层上部叶面积密度表现为DABC,冠层下部叶面积密度表现为CBAD,最大叶面积密度表现为ADBC,最大叶面积密度出现的相对高度表现为DABC。冠层上部相对光照表现为ABCD,冠层下部相对光照表现为BACD,冠层平均相对光照表现为BACD,冠层消光系数表现为CDBA。(2)抽穗期群体叶面积指数、高效叶面积率均呈DABC趋势,有效叶面积率呈ABCD趋势;颖花/叶和实粒/叶均表现为ABCD。经济产量、生物产量均表现为ABCD,经济系数呈DCBA趋势;蜡熟期和成熟期剑叶的叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、PSII的光化学效率及净光合速率呈ABCD趋势;抽穗至成熟期剑叶的MDA含量呈DCBA趋势,SOD、POD、CAT活性呈ABCD趋势。与其他3种类型水稻相比,甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的冠层结构与光合特性具有显著优势,这是甬优系列杂交稻产量潜力正常发挥的生态生理基础,也是进一步提高亚种间杂交稻群体生产力的重要途径。  相似文献   

18.
Higher growth and grain yield in rice was obtained in February planting as compared to July and October plantings. This was achieved through favourable leaf characteristics. In all the three plantings, leaf number monitored the leaf area rather than ILS which showed minimal alterations by the seasonality. There was a considerable variation in the attainment of critical leaf area index (LAI) among cultivars in different seasons. Thus, attainment of critical LAI would be necessary to influence the sink strength positively.  相似文献   

19.
影响常规籼稻品种氮素籽粒生产效率的主要源库指标   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
在群体水培条件下，以国内外不同年代育成的籼稻代表品种（2001年为88个、2002年为122个）为材料，测定叶面积系数、库容量、干物重以及氮素含量等，采用组内最小平方和的动态聚类方法将供试品种的氮素籽粒生产效率从低到高依次分为A、B、C、D、E、F等6种类型，研究各类型籼稻品种有关源库指标的差异以及影响氮素籽粒生产效率的主要源库指标。结果表明，A、B、C、D、E、F类籼稻品种的平均氮素籽粒生产效率2001年分别为20.51、31.04、35.64、39.46、43.55和50.92 g g-1，2002年分别为24.33、31.61、35.83、39.06、43.51和50.00 g g-1；高氮素籽粒生产效率类型籼稻品种源、库的基本特点为抽穗期的叶面积系数较小、灌浆结实期叶面积下降速度慢、净同化率高、库容量大，抽穗期的单位叶面积、单位干物重和单位氮素所承担（形成）的库容量大。多元逐步回归分析表明，单位氮素库容量、单位干物质库容量、单位库容量形成的产量、抽穗期叶面积系数以及抽穗期至成熟期叶面积系数减少量对氮素籽粒生产效率有显著影响（R2=0.749～0.805）。通径分析表明，抽穗期的单位氮素库容量和单位干物质库容量以及单位库容量形成的产量对籼稻品种氮素籽粒生产效率的影响力明显大于抽穗期叶面积系数和抽穗期至成熟期叶面积系数减少量。  相似文献   

20.
作物的光合作用对温度变化敏感, 其温度依存性随品种、生长环境的变化而改变。基于光效率模型的作物生长模型, 在应用中很少对光合作用的温度影响参数值进行订正, 且在全生育期使用相同的参数值, 难免会增加干物质模拟的误差。为此, 本文以ORYZA2000模型为例, 提出了一种修订光合作用温度影响参数值的方法。为确定方法的有效性, 结合2012年和2013年水稻品种两优培九的温度梯度控制实验, 首先利用抽穗开花期光合作用观测曲线提取了不同温度水平的光合作用参数值, 然后结合Arrhenius方程和Peaked方程建立了温度敏感性参数的温度影响方程。将这些方程代入机理性光合作用模型, 模拟了单叶最大光合作用速率与温度的曲线关系。最后, 以归一化后的曲线关系修订作物模型参数值, 并利用两年地上部分生物量(WAGT)观测值对其验证。结果显示, 两优培九单叶最大总光合作用速率随温度的变化关系不同于ORYZA2000的默认设置, 修订后的最适温度为38~40°C, 高于默认值。在10~20°C的低温段, 修订后的温度影响系数低于默认值。从WAGT模拟值的相对误差看, 修订后较修订前平均降低约3.3%。本研究为改进干物质模拟精度和分析不同品种光合作用的温度依存性提供了重要参考。  相似文献   

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