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为了给杜仲中龄林的经营管理提供技术支撑,开展了杜仲中龄林间伐试验以及合理经营密度调查研究。结果表明:1)不同密度杜仲林分胸径、树高、冠幅、单株皮质量均随林分密度的增大而减小;2)间伐后2 a,不同保留密度林分间胸径、树高、冠幅、单株皮质量生长量均有极显著差异(P <0.01),胸径、冠幅、单株皮质量及林分皮质量均以密度2 130株/hm^2生长量最大,与1 620株/hm^2间均没有显著差异(P≥0.05),与5400株/hm^2间均有极显著差异(P <0.01);3)以1 620～2 130株/hm^2种植密度最有利于促进杜仲中龄林的生长和杜仲皮产量的增加,但后续还需要继续进行间伐调整;4)根据调查的平均胸径和冠幅数据建立了杜仲人工林不同径阶林分密度表,利用该表,可以根据林分的胸径和冠幅生长情况确定合理的经营密度,通过多次对林分密度进行调整,促进杜仲林分的生长及皮产量的增加。 相似文献
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以广东省韶关林场和天井山林场的杉木大径材林针叶为试验材料,对N、P、K、Ca、Mg 矿质营养元素含量进行测定分析,以期为杉木大径材培育平衡施肥提供理论依据。结果表明：杉木中龄林矿质营养元素含量高低顺序为K>N>Ca>P>Mg,近熟林的为N>K>Ca>P>Mg;杉木中龄林、近熟林针叶矿质营养元素含量在不同坡位间存在一定程度的差异的排序;杉木中龄林针叶矿质营养元素含量变异系数范围为8.64%~44.76%,而近熟林针叶矿质营养元素含量变异系数变化范围为8.44%~26.36%。相关分析结果表明,杉木中龄林生长性状与各矿质营养元素含量分别有不同程度正相关,其中胸径、树高、材积与N 含量均呈显著或极显著正相关,而近熟林与矿质营养元素含量的相关性有所不同,其中胸径与P、Ca 含量间为显著正相关,但高生长与N、K 含量极显著负相关。运用主成分分析法对不同龄林、不同坡位的杉木针叶矿质营养元素进行综合评价,结果表明N、K 含量对杉木生长起关键作用。 相似文献
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马尾松间伐的密度效应 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用20年生马尾松间伐密度试验林的10年观测资料,分析不同间伐保存密度对林分生长和经济效益的影响。结果表明:不同间伐保存密度(1200,2000,2800和3400株·hm-2)对林分生长、林分结构及材种规格均有显著影响,其中林分胸径、单株材积、冠幅、冠高比随密度增大而减小,高径比、自然稀疏强度随密度增大而增大,密度对树高生长无显著影响;不同密度的林分蓄积量与出材量随林龄增长而差异变小;随着密度增大,小径阶株数率及小径材出材量所占的比例增大,而大径阶株数率与大径材出材量减少。综合效益核算、材种出材量及马尾松人工林生长规律,马尾松人工林进入中龄林期后培育纤维材与中小径材保存密度控制在B～D(约2000～3400株·hm-2)并在15～17年生时采伐效益较好,培育大、中径材林分保存在A～B(约1200～2000株·hm-2)间的密度效益较好。 相似文献
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以尾巨桉(Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis) 3种不同造林密度(A密度:1 666株/hm~2,B密度:1 250株/hm~2,C密度:833株/hm~2)林分为研究对象,分析了1.5~5.5年生时不同密度林分生长动态、差异及林木分化特征,目的是为尾巨桉纸浆材、胶合板材或大径级锯材人工林培育提供参考依据。3种密度林分树高连年生长量排序是CBA,胸径、单株材积连年生长量的排序与树高相同;而不同密度林分蓄积连年生长量的排序则相反。3种密度间尾巨桉林分树高、胸径、单株材积、蓄积量均有显著差异;密度A、B、C的林木胸径变动系数分别是12%、15%、15%,最大与最小变动系数间仅相差3个百分点;林分树高与胸径之比值中,林龄5.5年时最大比值(B密度,比值为140.7)比最小比值(C密度,比值为134.8)仅大4.2%。分析表明,林分树高、胸径、单株材积连年生长量随密度增加而减小,林分蓄积连年生长量则随密度增加而增大;密度小的林分平均树高、胸径、单株材积显著高于密度大的林分,但密度小林分蓄积量则显著低于密度大的林分;林木分化及林木圆满度在不同造林密度间差异较小,且无明显规律。 相似文献
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《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1998,(2)
用16a连续测定资料,对不同密度中幼龄湿地松人工林生长情况进行了分析研究．结果表明：密度对林分平均树高生长量有一定影响,但没有明显的规律性,差异不显著;林分的平均胸径和单株材积随密度的增加而减小,其中胸径在1～4a差异不显著,5～7a差异处于显著水平,8～13a差异达到极显著水平,此后随着林冠生长的稳定,不同密度的胸径差异稳定在一定的显著水平;林分蓄积量则随密度的增加而增大,各密度间存在显著差异,8～10a差异极显著． 相似文献
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日本落叶松生长过程与林分结构特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以长岭岗林场日本落叶松为研究对象,通过调查分析不同龄级林分胸径、树高及材积等生长量指标,以揭示日本落叶松生长过程和林分特征。结果表明,日本落叶松胸径生长拟合方程D=5.838 lnt-5.241 1;树高拟合方程为H=1.110 3t~(0.8917),树高与胸径之间拟合方程H=2.474 6e~(0.1527D),材积拟合方程V=0.000 1t~(2.2518),各拟合方程效果显著(R~2大于0.98)。从胸径、树高株数累积分布曲线和平均生长量来看,日本落叶松幼龄林胸径、树高生长较快,但由于林分密度大,胸径生长没有达到最优状态;中龄林胸径、树高生长稳定;近熟林分胸径生长量和高生长量都放缓,林分内枯立木、濒死木占有一部分,其林分健康状况欠佳;成熟林多为日本落叶松与柳杉行间混交,林分状况良好。 相似文献
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对马尾松这一树种进行了不同密度、不同施肥措施和不同抚育措施等3种营林措施对针叶养分的含量特点的研究。并分析了不同养分即N、P、K、Ca、Mg五大元素与树木胸径(D1.3),树高(H),单株材积(V单)及林分的每公顷材积(Vha)等生长量间的关系,结果表明:无论施何种肥料,只要树林生长正常,则5大营养元素在针叶中的含量是成比例递增的。该比例为N∶K∶Ca∶Mg∶P=3∶2∶2∶2∶1。在各种不同抚育措施的林分采样分析,得出各种林分的针叶所含五大营养元素分别与各林分的树高生长量间的线性性相关关系不明显。且算得五大营养元素的含量比例为N∶K∶Ca∶Mg∶P=4∶2∶2∶1∶1。从五种不同密度的林分进行采样分析,在林分高度较小或很小的情况下,针叶中所含五大营养元素的含量排序为NCaKMgP,比例关系为N∶K∶Ca∶Mg∶P=4∶2∶3∶1∶1。而在林分密度较大或很大时,五大营养元素的含量排序则是NKCAMGP,比例关系为N∶K∶Ca∶Mg∶P=4∶3∶2∶1∶1。同时分析五大营养元素分别在生长量指标间关系得出:Ca多对树体胸径D1.3有一定程度的阻碍作用,对单株材积V单的生长却有显著促进作用。树高与各营养元素间相关关系不显著(该结果与本文前面所得结果一致)。P、K对总体林分蓄积生长有较大促进作用,N对各生长量指标均无突出直接直接作用。 相似文献
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《林业研究》2021,(1)
Height-to-diameter ratios(HD) are an important measure of the stability,density and competition of forest stands.It reflects the vertical growth of the trees,the vulnerability of the forest canopy structure and influences volumetric production.HD ratios vary according to tree size,availability of resources for growth,stand density and species composition.Data were taken from 210 trees and a regression technique of generalized linear models for the HD ratio applicable for forest structure conservation was developed.The objective of this study was to model the HD ratios of dominant and co-dominant trees of Araucaria angustifolia according to morphometric,dendrometric,annual diameter increment,stand density,and age variables in three sites in southern Brazil.The results show that the HD ratio decreases with increasing age,crown area and basal area,and increases with stand density and annual diameter increment.Accuracy of the developed equations was demonstrated by the values of deviation,Bayesian and Akaike criteria.The results are of interest to forest managers since they make decisions about silvicultural operations.Growth continuity and forest production indicate that any intervention should be directed at younger trees of smaller sizes,and that one of the main management factors for stand stability and growth is the formation of the stand and its capture of light. 相似文献
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根据标准地和解析木调查资料,以樟子松人工林树冠内活枝为研究对象,探讨同一树木的不同龄阶的枝生长规律,同一林分不同大小树木枝生长的规律,以及不同林分条件下枝生长的规律。结果表明:单株树木枝条长度总生长曲线呈"S"形,连年生长在生长初期达到一最大值后随年龄的增加而逐渐减小;在同一林分中,枝条总生长随着枝龄的增加而持续增长;在不同年龄相同密度林分中,年龄较小的林分枝长连年生长要比年龄较大的树林增长快一些;在相同年龄不同密度林分中,密度较小的林分比密度较大的林分枝长总生长及同期连年生长要快一些。 相似文献
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Nishtman Hatami Peter Lohmander Mohammad Hadi Moayeri Soleiman Mohammadi Limaei 《林业研究》2020,31(1):99-106
The aim of this study was to develop and test a new basal area growth model in mixed species continuous cover forests in northern Iran.Weanalyzed 421 core samples from 6 main species in the forest area to develop our growth model.In each plot,we measured variables such as total tree height(m),diameter at breast height(DBH)(cm)and basal area of larger trees as cumulative basal areas of trees(GCUM)ofDBH[5 cm.The empirical data were analyzed using regression analysis.There was a statistically significant nonlinear function between the annual basal area increment,as the dependent variable,and the basal area of the individual trees and competition as explanatory variables.Reference area from the largest trees,was circular plot with area of 0.1 ha.GCUM was estimated for trees of DBH>5 cm.Furthermore,we investigated the dependencies of diameter growth of different species on stand density at different levels of competition,and diameter development of individual trees through time.The results indicate that competition caused by larger neighborhood trees has a negative effect on growth.In addition,the maximum diameter increment is affected by competition level.Therefore,the maximum diameter increment of species occurs when the trees are about 35–40 cm in dense-forest(40 to 0 m^2 per ha)and when the trees are about 60 to 70 cm in very dense forest(60 to 0 m^2 per ha)which is more likely to Caspian natural forests with high level density due to uneven-aged composition of stands. 相似文献
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通过对不同结构青海云杉林天然更新情况的调查分析,结果表明:不同生境条件下青海云杉林的树种组成、林分结构、生长状况和更新状况都有较大的差别;青海云杉的径级和高度决定着青海云杉林内不同树木个体间的竞争和分异状况,决定着不同高度级内的株数分布比例;青海云杉纯林中林分结构单一,更新良好;青海云杉+白桦混交林林分结构复杂,更新不良;青海云杉纯林下,拥有丰富的云杉种源,云杉种子饱满,保存云杉幼树数量多且生长状况好,能维持云杉种群的更新连续性和相对稳定性;林冠郁闭度为0.4时,更新情况最好;当郁闭度为0.7时,更新情况差。 相似文献
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通过对马尾松4~20年生不同密度的人工同龄纯林生长资料的分析表明:第1次树高生长分化高峰期在4~7年生,第2次在11~14年生,幼林郁闭后林木直径分化状态比较稳定。中幼林期抚育间伐主要采伐劣等木,进入近熟林期后除采伐劣等木外,还可采伐一部分中等木。间伐施工应以留优去劣为主,适当照顾均匀。总稀疏强度与密度呈正相关性,出现稀疏的时间随密度增大而提前;连年稀疏强度高峰期出现在林分郁闭后的一段时间内。根据总稀疏强度与稀疏时间同密度的关系可确定不同密度林分的间伐强度与时间。利用马尾松人工林观测资料拟合出与立地条件、现存株数密度、林龄三因子相关的自然稀疏模型,从而可推算出不同立地条件的自然稀疏表,为马尾松人工林密度调控提供科学依据。 相似文献
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根据来自吉林省汪清林业局二类调查的１４个落叶松固定样地的３４６株复测林木数据,建立了与我关的落叶松木平方直径生长最模型。它包含了单木直径生长模型所需考虑的林木大小,立地条件和林木竞争这３个因素,并具有与年龄、地位指数无关的特点,便于实践中应用,逐步回归的结果表明,落叶松单木平方直径生长最模型需要考虑的主要因子是林木直径值、林分断面积和坡度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(4):289-303
Crown size is a good indicator of the growth potential of trees and is often used in forest management for outlining thinning guidelines or constructing forest growth models. The aim of this study was to analyse mean crown radius as a function of stem size, stand density and site productivity in even-aged stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). Data included measurements of 620 trees from 53 plots in nine thinning experiments and one operational stand in Sweden, Denmark and Great Britain, representing a wide spectrum of thinning practices ranging from the strictly unthinned control to extremely heavy thinning with essentially solitary trees. Three sets of models were constructed based on different predictor variables, including indicators of individual stem size (diameter at breast height, DBH), stand density/thinning grade (quadratic mean diameter and stand basal area) and site productivity (stand top height). Preliminary results indicated a significant effect of DBH and (nominal) thinning grade on crown radius. The response pattern of the final models indicated an increasing crown radius with increasing DBH, with increasing thinning grade (decreasing stand density) and with decreasing site productivity. The models are valid for predicting the crown radius of pedunculate oak in even-aged forest stands. 相似文献
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Stanislav Vacek Michal Hejcman Věra Semelová Jiří Remeš Vilém Podrázský 《European Journal of Forest Research》2009,128(4):367-375
In 1998, a fertilizer experiment aiming to investigate the effects of slow-release N, P, K and Mg fertilizer (SILVAMIX Mg NPK®) on a 60-year-old spruce stand with symptoms of yellowing was established. In this paper, trees were selected to investigate the relation between annual diameter increment, yellowing, foliation, needle and soil chemical properties: ten from the fertilized treatment (F), ten green trees from the control (CG) and ten yellow trees from the control (CY). CG and CY trees were growing in close proximity at a distance of only several meters apart under the same soil conditions. In treatment F, increased annual diameter increment, improved foliation, needle Mg concentration, plant-available Mg and P concentrations in the soil and absence of yellow trees were recorded 7 years after a single application of the fertilizer. During the last 15 years, annual growth increment and foliation of CY trees have continuously decreased while relatively stable values were recorded for CG trees and increased for F trees. In 2006, CG and CY trees differed significantly in Mg concentration in needles, foliation, yellowing and annual diameter increment. Although differences in soil chemical properties between CG and CY treatments were not significant, lower concentrations of plant-available Mg2+ and higher concentrations of H+ and Al3+ were found in soils under CY trees. There was a negative correlation between soil concentration of Mg and yellowing, but this correlation was relatively weak, indicating that there is no simple relation between soil and needle concentrations of Mg. In the investigated locality, the “new type” of yellow tree decline has been a long-term gradual process. 相似文献
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为探讨辽西丘陵山地樟子松人工林合理经营密度,选择1984年造林的中龄林,设置75株·hm~(-2),100株·hm~(-2),120株·hm~(-2)三个保留密度,对照为227株·hm~(-2),开展樟子松人工林密度调控技术试验。结果表明:不同密度对樟子松林分树高生长量的影响不大,不同密度对樟子松林分胸径生长量及林分蓄积生长量的影响达到显著水平;同时随着间伐强度的加大,林分中、大径阶立木株数比例呈上升趋势。通过林分密度的调整,可以实现提高林木的质量及目标材种所占比率,以期达到提高商品林经济效益的目的。 相似文献