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1.
玉米SBP转录因子全基因组鉴定与功能分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
SBP基因家族是一类植物基因组特有的转录因子,参与植物生长发育及多种生理生化过程。近来,大量研究已在多种植物中鉴定出SBP转录因子,但关于玉米(Zea mays L.) SBP转录因子家族的系统分析报道尚少。本研究通过对拟南芥、水稻等植物已知的转录因子与玉米基因组数据比对,并设置一系列严格的筛选标准从玉米基因组中挖掘SBP转录因子,系统发育分析显示单子叶植物玉米和水稻的SBP基因保守性更强、亲缘关系更近;共鉴定37个SBP基因,分布在9条染色体上;通过基因分析注释以及启动子功能预测,进一步发现SBP家族基因参与植物生长发育、形态建成、逆境胁迫响应、花器官发育以及植物光反应等过程。并且,玉米SBP转录因子可通过参与赤霉素、生长素、脱落酸、水杨酸等多条激素信号调控途径来调节植物的生长发育。 相似文献
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3.
G. M. Amoruwa V. B. Ogunlela O. O. Ologunde 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1987,159(4):226-231
A field experiment was conducted at Samaru, Nigeria to study the influence of nitrogen fertilization and plant density on the agronomic performance and nutrient concentration of maize ( Zea mays L.). The treatments were factorial combinations of five nitrogen fertilization rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N/ha) and three plant density levels (25000, 50000 and 75000 plants/ha).
Nitrogen fertilization up to 150 kg N/ha enhanced grain and stover yields and increased kernel number and weight up to 100 kg N/ha. Nitrogen supply also increased maize ear length. Increased N fertilization rates increased concentrations of N, K and Mg but had no effect on P and Ca concentrations. Higher grain yield was closely associated with higher N concentration in ear leaf; with 0.1 % change in N concentration causing 177 kg/ha change in grain yield. Increased plant density increased stover yield up to 50 or 75 thousand plants/ha but depressed kernel number and weight and ear length. 相似文献
Nitrogen fertilization up to 150 kg N/ha enhanced grain and stover yields and increased kernel number and weight up to 100 kg N/ha. Nitrogen supply also increased maize ear length. Increased N fertilization rates increased concentrations of N, K and Mg but had no effect on P and Ca concentrations. Higher grain yield was closely associated with higher N concentration in ear leaf; with 0.1 % change in N concentration causing 177 kg/ha change in grain yield. Increased plant density increased stover yield up to 50 or 75 thousand plants/ha but depressed kernel number and weight and ear length. 相似文献
4.
花期性状是玉米的重要性状,与熟期、散粉结实率和产量关系密切,对玉米品种选育至关重要。为探究玉米花期性状的遗传基础,本研究以248份遗传多样性丰富的玉米自交系作为关联群体,通过2017年和2018年在河北保定和辛集的田间试验调查抽雄期、散粉期、吐丝期和散粉吐丝间隔期4个花期相关性状,利用分布于全基因组的83057个SNP标记进行关联分析。结果表明,4个花期相关性状的基因型、年份、地点、基因型与地点的互作、基因型与年份的互作均达到极显著水平;抽雄期、散粉期、吐丝期的遗传率分别为71.77%、71.27%、73.93%,并且两两性状间呈极显著正相关,散粉吐丝间隔期遗传率为62.50%,仅与吐丝期呈极显著正相关;4个花期性状共检测到18个SNPs-性状关联(共涉及16个SNP位点),单个位点的表型贡献率范围为5.46%~28.36%,仅1个位点在不同性状中检测到;筛选到81个候选基因,其中36个在GO分析中具有功能注释。潜在候选基因GRMZM5G877647编码early flowering 4蛋白,参与光周期的调节;GRMZM2G173630编码类赤霉素受体蛋白参与植物激素信号转导;GRMZM2G001139、GRMZM2G375707编码与花器官建成的MADS转录因子。这些潜在候选基因为解析玉米花期性状遗传基础和分子辅助选择育种提供参考。 相似文献
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镉是一种非必需的重金属元素, 对动植物有严重毒害作用。几个与ABC1(activity of the bc1 complex)家族有关的基因参与植物镉胁迫的应答。本研究从玉米中克隆并鉴定了一个类ABC1基因, 命名为ZmABC1-10。该基因cDNA全长2 519 bp, 包含一个2 250 bp的开放阅读框, 编码一个预测的叶绿体膜蛋白。启动子顺式元件扫描发现该基因含有大量的非生物胁迫、光以及植物激素应答元件。表达模式分析表明, 该基因主要在叶片、茎秆等绿色组织中表达。镉处理实验表明, 该基因能够被诱导并且受植物发育时期的调控。除镉之外, 该基因还受多种非生物因素包括ABA、H2O2、干旱和黑暗的共同调控。此外, 本研究利用基因组序列信息共鉴定出19个玉米ABC1基因。对植物界8个代表性物种中148个ABC1蛋白进行系统发育分析表明, 在长期进化过程中植物ABC1蛋白已经发生了分化; 物种特异性扩张是植物中该家族进化的主要动力。这些结果表明ZmAbc1-10是一个镉应答因子并且可能在植物对非生物胁迫的适应中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
6.
Some mutants reduce fitness when incorporated into breeding populations, particularly the allele sugary1 ( su1 ) into maize ( Zea mays L.). The objective of this study was to compare in different maize genetic backgrounds the performance of plants carrying su1 . The crosses among three su1 populations and three Su1 synthetics were random-mated three times. The Su1 and su1 plants were evaluated separately. The su1 plants had poorer performance than the Su1 plants, particularly at earlier stages of development, and early vigour seemed to be the most limiting factor for su1 plant development. The differences in performance between su1 and Su1 plants decreased during plant growth and were not significant for most adult traits. Specific combinations of donors and recipients of the su1 allele had different effects on performance of su1 plants. These results suggest that the use of defective mutants in plant breeding should take into account the genotypic effects on mutant fitness. 相似文献
7.
When one of the crops is a legume, intercropping has potential to reduce fertilizer nitrogen (N) needs and increase food quality. Total dry matter (DM) and grain yields of different plant populations of intercropped maize ( Zea mays L.) and climbing beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cowpeas ( Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.), or velvet beans ( Mucuna pruriens [L.] DC. var utilis [Wight] Bruck.) were compared in two experiments. Maize populations were 40,400 and 50,500 plants ha−1 in combination with climbing bean populations of 0, 20,200, 40,400 and 80,800 plants ha−1 in Experiment 1. In the second experiment, climbing beans, cowpeas and velvet beans at 215,200 plants ha−1 were intercropped with maize at 64,600 plants ha−1 . Climbing beans contributed up to 5% to total DM yields in the first experiment. In the second experiment legume contributions to total DM were 20% for climbing beans, 12% for cowpeas and 8% for velvet beans. Increasing populations of maize and climbing beans increased grain and DM yields. Dry matter yield of maize was lowered by intercropping. However, DM yields of the intercrop were not different to maize sole cropped. Maize/cowpeas produced more total DM than maize/climbing beans. Cowpeas increased the total yield of crude protein by over 15% without lowering total DM yield of the intercrop compared to maize alone and are promising as a legume for intercropping with maize. Climbing beans show little promise as a possible legume for intercropping with maize. 相似文献
8.
Near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy is a rapid, inexpensive, and simple technique used to make quantitative analyses of the concentration of nutrients in plant tissue. In this field experiment, the potential usefulness of NIR analysis for the study of lipid concentrations in the aerial plant tissues of maize ( Zea mays L.) was evaluated using a fairly simple and inexpensive NIR unit (Inframatic 8100, Per Con Prügeräte GmbH, Germany). Lipid concentration values were measured by standard Soxhlet techniques, which were used to calibrate the instrument for plant samples taken at tasselhng, 3 weeks after pollmation, and plant maturity. Reflectance readings, obtained using seven filters, were fitted to Soxhlet values using multiple linear regression, and regression constants were obtained. The results showed that correlation coefficients between Soxhlet lipid concentration and NIR value obtained were 0.999 and 0.995 for grain lipid and stover lipid, respectively. Standard errors of the estimated values were 0.5929and 0.5562for maize grain and maize stover when the six wavelengths were used, indicating a level of accuracy sufficient for analytical purposes. 相似文献
9.
Teosinte comprises different Zea species (Zea mays, Zea diploperennis, Zea perennis, Zea luxurians) that can be crossed with cultivated maize (Z. mays ssp. mays). Nine microsatellites from maize were applied to different teosinte species in order to evaluate their usefulness in markerbased exploitation of these genetic resources. The same microsatellites were tested with rye, barley, and sorghum as potential molecular markers for these species. Almost all microsatellite × teosinte combinations yielded polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragments in the range of cultivated maize. Using an F2 population of a cross between maize inbred A188 and an individual of Zea mays ssp. mexicana, amplification products for maize and teosinte originated from the same genomic location for each of nine microsatellites investigated. PCR fragments of reduced intensity were generally obtained by applying maize microsatellites to rye, barley and sorghum. Polymorphisms among accessions within teosinte (sub)species occurred frequently. In contrast, no polymorphisms were obtained within rye, barley, and sorghum. Hence, application of maize microsatellites to teosinte for fingerprinting or marker-assisted introgression of genomic regions from teosinte into cultivated maize appears promising. 相似文献
10.
采用农杆菌介导法将红色荧光蛋白基因DsRed转入轮枝镰孢Fv-1菌株,利用荧光显微镜观察轮枝镰孢在玉米自交系B73根部定殖和生长的规律。土壤中的轮枝镰孢首先侵染玉米的须根等组织,并在其中大量增殖,随后沿主根向上侵染,以菌丝的形式扩展到地上组织。有些孢子附着在根表皮的纹理中,萌发形成菌丝而扩展;有的则向内侵染附着的细胞,然后再继续向周边侵染。由根内部向上侵染的菌丝多沿着细胞间隙上行,有些也会穿行在不同细胞之间。分析接种不同时间轮枝镰孢在玉米根和茎基部组织形成的单菌落数量(CFU)发现,轮枝镰孢在根部的CFU值随时间逐渐减小,而茎基部的CFU值则呈逐渐增大的趋势。这说明土壤中的轮枝镰孢能够通过根系侵染途径危害地上部组织。本研究的结果为进一步探明轮枝镰孢和玉米之间的互作关系,以及其他土传真菌与植物之间的互作提供了有益的参考。 相似文献
11.
H. Kahl 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1987,158(1):56-64
The Tarahumara Indians of the north-west Mexican Highland practice a method of using several weeds for food which are called "quelites". These weeds play an important role in the Tarahumara diet and seem to be connected with maize-cultivation in a special way.
In bio-assays with two quelites species, Bidens pilosa sens. lat. (Cobblers' pegs) and Lepidium virginicum (Pepper grass) and different cultivars of maize ( Zea mays L.) it could be demonstrated that water extracts of leaves of B. pilosa and L. virginicum cause a significant stimulation of seedling growth of maize. Different cultivars of maize showed no differences in being stimulated by extracts of B. pilosa. This indicates an allelopathic potential of the two tested quelites species.
Extracts of leaves of older plants of B. pilosa (shortly before flowering) do not show this effect. Different water extracts of maize snowed an indifferent influence on germination and seedling growth of B. pilosa and L. virginicum.
Considering these results the practice of the Tarahumara Indians — leaving the quelites a certain amount of time among their maize and harvesting them after that — appears to be a stimulatory method for growing maize. The maize-quelites double-crop system seems to be highly tuned and may be understood as a result of a process of cultural learning among the Tarahumara Indians. 相似文献
In bio-assays with two quelites species, Bidens pilosa sens. lat. (Cobblers' pegs) and Lepidium virginicum (Pepper grass) and different cultivars of maize ( Zea mays L.) it could be demonstrated that water extracts of leaves of B. pilosa and L. virginicum cause a significant stimulation of seedling growth of maize. Different cultivars of maize showed no differences in being stimulated by extracts of B. pilosa. This indicates an allelopathic potential of the two tested quelites species.
Extracts of leaves of older plants of B. pilosa (shortly before flowering) do not show this effect. Different water extracts of maize snowed an indifferent influence on germination and seedling growth of B. pilosa and L. virginicum.
Considering these results the practice of the Tarahumara Indians — leaving the quelites a certain amount of time among their maize and harvesting them after that — appears to be a stimulatory method for growing maize. The maize-quelites double-crop system seems to be highly tuned and may be understood as a result of a process of cultural learning among the Tarahumara Indians. 相似文献
12.
三个超高产夏玉米品种的物质生产及光合特性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
探明不同株高、穗位高具有超高产潜力(>15 000 kg hm-2)夏玉米品种的物质生产及光合特性,有利于密植增产。本研究在多年高产试验基础上(连续3年达15 000 kg hm-2以上),选用了登海661 (DH661,低秆低穗位)、登海701(DH701,中秆中穗位)和先玉335 (XY335,高秆高穗位) 3个具有超高产潜力的品种进行试验。在一般高产条件下,这3个品种间产量无显著差异,但干物质生产特性的模型解析表明,DH661的产量潜力高于DH701和XY335,其活跃生长期比XY335长近3周。开花后光合特征参数显示,DH661光合作用与光能利用效率明显较高,尤其是当XY335进入生理功能速衰期时(开花后28 d),DH661仍处于缓慢下降阶段,且具有较高的光合速率和光能利用效率,DH661的这一特性表明其具有更高的产量潜力。 相似文献
13.
氮密互作对夏玉米物质生产及氮素利用的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以夏玉米杂交种郑单958为材料,对不同种植密度和不同施氮水平下夏玉米的物质生产和氮素利用状况进行了研究。结果表明,在中(67 500株/hm2)、高(82 500株/hm2)密度下,氮肥对玉米单株物质生产能力的调控作用更为明显,并主要是通过影响穗粒数来实现的。适量施氮,可促进顶部子粒发育,减少败育,使秃尖缩短、瘪粒数减少,增加穗粒数,增加产量;促进植物体吸收的氮素高效地向籽粒中分配,提高氮肥的利用效率;使玉米叶片维持较高的光合性能,为籽粒形成提供充足的光合碳量,并促进营养体碳氮向子粒运转。 相似文献
14.
玉米纹枯病胁迫相关miRNA功能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
microRNA (miRNA)是一类内源性的、19~24个碱基长度的小分子非编码RNA, 通过碱基互补调控靶基因的表达, 参与调控植物生长发育, 并在多种非生物与生物胁迫响应中发挥重要作用。但目前关于玉米纹枯病胁迫相关miRNA表达调节与功能尚不完全清楚。利用生物信息学挖掘玉米中的microRNA及其靶基因, 筛选到23条新的玉米miRNA, 预测到89个靶基因。本文在前期研究基础上, 以对纹枯病抗性不同的自交系R15和478作为对象, 采用半定量方法对预测获得部分miRNA前体初步鉴定, 采用实时荧光定量PCR手段对R15和478中表达存在差异的成熟miRNA进行抗纹枯病组织特异性表达验证。结果提示, 部分miRNA在玉米抗纹枯病胁迫过程中可能起着重要的调控作用。 相似文献
15.
西南糯玉米地方品种waxy基因序列多态性分析 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
为了解我国西南地区糯玉米和硬粒玉米waxy基因核苷酸多态性, 对23份中国西南玉米地方品种(16份糯玉米和7份硬粒玉米)、2份美洲糯玉米种质的waxy基因第9外显子至第14外显子之间核苷酸序列进行测定, 将所得序列与GenBank中的16份同源序列(来自小颖大刍草、繁茂大刍草和美洲地方栽培品种)进行序列比对。结果表明, 西南糯玉米、西南硬粒玉米和小颖大刍草分别具有14、19和40个多态性位点, 西南糯玉米waxy位点核苷酸多态性为西南硬粒玉米的30%, 是小颖大刍草的14%, Tajima’D检验仅在糯玉米群体D值显著, HKA检验表明waxy位点未受选择作用; 序列比对发现12份西南糯玉米第10外显子同一位置缺失15个核苷酸, 该位点恰为糖基转移酶结构域的起始位置。可见我国糯玉米通过较为独特的突变机制而形成, 在进化过程中经历了驯化瓶颈, 奠基者效应使西南糯玉米waxy位点核苷酸多态性大大降低, 从近缘物种中引入等位变异是改良玉米淀粉质量和产量的关键。 相似文献
16.
玉米类LFY基因的克隆及其在不同光周期条件下的表达 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用每天9 h和15 h两种光照条件对热带玉米自交系CML288和温带玉米自交系黄早四进行处理。以玉米茎尖为材料，采用RT-PCR方法，分离到1个1 265 bp的全长cDNA克隆，序列比较表明其为拟南芥LFY基因的同源基因，命名为类LFY（基因登录号为DQ343237）。类LFY与同源基因zfl2、RFL、LFY和FLO的同源性依次为93%、84%、57%和57%。它的DNA序列和推论的蛋白质序列与zfl1同源性最高，其编码的蛋白质与zfl1相比在第28、29和160位分别少1个丙氨酸、脯氨酸和苏氨酸，在188位置多1个甲硫氨酸。该基因在2个供试自交系茎尖中长日照条件下不同生长时期持续表达，短日照条件下生长早期和后期不表达，其功能有待进一步研究。 相似文献
17.
The yield of maize ( Zea mays L.) can be increased appreciably if canopy closure is brought forward. In France and Germany, the use of plastic mulch has boosted dry matter yields of silage maize by approximately 4 t/ha. In Germany, the grain yield of maize plants grown from greenhouse-raised seedlings was 2.4 t/ha more than that of plants grown conventionally. The present study aimed to review and quantify the effect of the use of plastic mulch and greenhouse-raised seedlings on yield of maize. In field trials the effect of a photo-degradable transparent plastic mulch on the yield of two hybrids: Clipper (early-maturing) and Dea (late-maturing) was tested. In two of these trials the effect of using seedlings raised in the greenhouse up to the five-leaf stage was also tested. Crops with plastic mulch required 10 % fewer growing degree days from planting to silking than the unmulched crops, and this number was more constant between years and sites. On average, plastic mulch increased whole plant dry matter content from 29 % to 33 %, and the dry matter of the ear from 45 % to 52 %. In Dea , dry matter yields of the whole plant and of the ear rose by 2.6 and 2.1 t/ha respectively. In Clipper the yield increases were half as large. The regression of whole plant dry matter yield on the sum of global radiation from silking to harvest was similar for mulched and unmulched crops. This suggests that the yield increases obtained with the plastic mulch were largely attributable to advancement of canopy establishment. The whole-plant dry matter yield of plants initially raised in the greenhouse was similar to that of maize sown in situ, but the ear dry matter yield was 2.4 t/ha higher. 相似文献
18.
《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1987,159(2):146-146
Book reviewed in this article:
Sengbusch, P. v.: Einführung in die Allgemeine Biologie . 3., überarbeitete Auflage
Henke, R. R., K. W. Hughes, M. J. Constantin, and A. Hollaender (Eds.): Tissue Culture in Forestry and Agriculture . Basis Life Sciences, Vol. 32. Proceedings of the Third Tennessee Symposium on Plant Cell and Tissue Culture, September 9–13,1984, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.
Raven, H. P., R. F. Evert und Helena Curtis: Biologie der Pflanzen . Ins Deutsche übertragen von Rosemarie Langenfeld-Heyser. 1985.
Hubbard, C. E.: Gräser . Zweite überarbeitete Auflage.
Sattler, F., und E. von Wistinghausen: Der Landwirtschaftliche Betrieb biologisch-dynamisch . Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1985.
Bergmann, W., Farbatlas . Ernährungsstörungen bei Kulturpflanzen für den Gebrauch im Feldbestand. 2. erweiterte Auflage. 相似文献
Sengbusch, P. v.: Einführung in die Allgemeine Biologie . 3., überarbeitete Auflage
Henke, R. R., K. W. Hughes, M. J. Constantin, and A. Hollaender (Eds.): Tissue Culture in Forestry and Agriculture . Basis Life Sciences, Vol. 32. Proceedings of the Third Tennessee Symposium on Plant Cell and Tissue Culture, September 9–13,1984, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.
Raven, H. P., R. F. Evert und Helena Curtis: Biologie der Pflanzen . Ins Deutsche übertragen von Rosemarie Langenfeld-Heyser. 1985.
Hubbard, C. E.: Gräser . Zweite überarbeitete Auflage.
Sattler, F., und E. von Wistinghausen: Der Landwirtschaftliche Betrieb biologisch-dynamisch . Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1985.
Bergmann, W., Farbatlas . Ernährungsstörungen bei Kulturpflanzen für den Gebrauch im Feldbestand. 2. erweiterte Auflage. 相似文献
19.
20.
A method for drought tolerance screening in sunflower 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. A. Pereyra-Irujo L. Velázquez C. Granier L. A. N. Aguirrezábal 《Plant Breeding》2007,126(4):445-448
One difficulty in obtaining drought-tolerant varieties is the unequivocal evaluation of plant response to soil-water deficits. A method is proposed that allows reproducible soil-water deficit treatments to be applied to different sunflower genotypes. Maize ( Zea mays L.) plants were sown in the same pots as but earlier than some sunflower plants in order to rapidly deplete the soil water. This method was compared to a standard method in which plants under evaluation are used to dry out the soil. The method was reproducible in the evaluation of drought tolerance of four sunflower inbred lines. Advantages of the proposed method are that: (i) it allows the desired soil water content to be reached quickly; (ii) the resulting soil water content in the pot is uniform and (iii) the rate of decrease in soil water content is independent of the genotype being evaluated. Data indicate that maize plants had no effect on the growth of sunflower genotypes. 相似文献