共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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雄亲对优质蛋白玉米品质和胚乳饰变的效应Ｋ．Ｖ．Ｐｉｘｌｅｙ等在人类食物和其它单胃动物的饲料中，优质蛋白玉米（ＱＰＭ）的营养优于普通胚乳玉米。ＱＰＭ种质ｏ２基因是纯合的，与普通胚乳相比，ｏ２基因能提高胚乳蛋白质中赖氨酸和色氨酸的含量。未改良的ｏ２玉米同... 相似文献
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玉米中的opaque突变体改变了胚乳的蛋白特性,导致胚乳表现柔软且不透明的粉质状。粉质胚乳的高赖氨酸营养特性引起人们的极大关注,研究人员先后发现了13个opaque胚乳突变体,只有o2的分子机理研究较为清楚,对提高赖氨酸含量的作用最大。为了研究胚乳中储藏物质合成、装配、转运的调控机理,从而将这些有益突变基因应用于农业生产,研究人员继而发现了多个胚乳修饰的主效位点及基因(Opm)。本文综述玉米opaque突变体及相关基因的研究进展,对当前育种中利用该类基因培育优质蛋白玉米(QPM)的研究状况进行分析,为高赖氨酸玉米的分子标记辅助选择(MAS)和基因聚合育种提供参考。 相似文献
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选用微胚乳等各类隐性纯合体玉米(微胚乳玉米、sh2sh2wxwx、bt1bt1wxwx、wxwx、su1su1wxwx)为试验材料,研究各类玉米杂交导入Opaque-2后的早代玉米子粒赖氨酸含量的变异。结果表明,导入Opaque-2的微胚乳等各类玉米的早代赖氨酸含量都会受到影响,均有提高的趋势,其胚与非胚部分赖氨酸含量都有所提高。但Opaque-2对微胚乳玉米和bt1bt1wxwx双隐纯合体两类玉米赖氨酸含量影响无规律性变化,在同一遗传背景下都出现子粒赖氨酸含量正负两个方向的增减差异。Opaque-2导入wxwx玉米后,其玉米整粒、胚与非胚部赖氨酸含量都有增加的趋势,其他类玉米导入Opaque-2后也有希望选育出高赖氨酸含量的品系。 相似文献
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opaque2突变体材料是最常用的高赖氨酸玉米供体。对已获得的郑58/o2近等基因系研究表明,胚乳发育不同时期22-kDα-醇溶蛋白的积累均明显低于郑58。荧光定量PCR结果表明,α-醇溶蛋白家族基因Z1A、Z1B、Z1C和Z1D的表达均显著低于郑58。郑58/o2胚乳发育不同时期Opaque2基因均正常表达。测序分析发现,郑58/o2中o2基因ATG后713 bp处缺失10个碱基,ORF预测Opaque2蛋白翻译提前终止。针对突变缺失位点开发基因内分子标记o2-indel-1,利用该标记进行回交转育,结果表明,o2-indel-1与o2突变表型完全连锁,错选率为0。opaque2基因突变位点的解析有助于高效分子标记的开发,有效降低错选率,提高优质蛋白鲜食玉米多基因聚合育种的选择效率。 相似文献
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中国玉米种质资源品质性状的分析与评价 总被引：32，自引：6，他引：26
对1986～1989年及1991～1994年国家种质资源库的,由全国26个省、市(区)农业科研单位繁殖提供的7609份玉米种质资源的主要品质进行了分析鉴定。我国玉米种质资源的粗蛋白质平均含量为11.92%,粗脂肪平均含量为4.8%,总淀粉平均含量为68.31%。其中2 537份玉米种质资源赖氨酸平均含量为0.289%,1060份玉米种质资源的直链淀粉含量为28.67%。粗蛋白质含量>15%,粗脂肪含量>7%,总淀粉含量>74%,赖氨酸含量>0.4% ,直链淀粉含量<2%的优质玉米品种的总筛选率分别为0.91%、0.47%、0.15%、1.02%和5.94%。 相似文献
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通过对吉林省玉米地方种质资源的相关性状与营养成分的研究,分析了这些性状与营养成分之间的关系。结果表明:在各品质性状中,蛋白质和赖氨酸之间有极显著的正相关关系。而淀粉含量与蛋白质、赖氨酸间有极显著的负相关关系。黄色、硬粒型玉米的脂肪、蛋白质、赖氨酸含量要比白色、马齿型玉米的高,而白色、马齿型玉米的淀粉含量则较高;随着生育日数的增多,这些种质的淀粉含量提高,而脂肪含量和蛋白质含量降低,赖氨酸含量变化不大;出籽率在75.1%~80%的玉米地方种质,其淀粉含量较低,而脂肪、蛋白质、赖氨酸含量均较高;随着百粒重的增加,玉米地方种质的脂肪含量、蛋白质含量、赖氨酸含量都有所提高,而且百粒重和脂肪之间有显著的正相关。这些结果对吉林省开展品质育种具有较大的价值。 相似文献
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几个供体对优质蛋白玉米(QPM)近等基因系构建效果的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对CA335、CA339、山东2548和齐205这4个国内常用优质蛋白玉米自交系的赖氨酸含量、子粒表型、醇溶蛋白积累及opaque-2基因的序列进行分析,对不同自交系作为opaque-2突变基因(o2)基因供体的分子标记选择效果进行比较。结果表明,4个自交系属于两类不同的o2突变体类型,CA335和CA339为一类,山东2548和齐205为一类。两类突变体作为o2供体选择效果有较大差异,CA335和CA339是优良供体,齐205和山东2548则不是理想供体。对于优质蛋白玉米育种,供体的选择非常重要,好的QPM自交系不一定是好的供体。 相似文献
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Evaluation of the Lime-Cooking and Tortilla Making Properties of Quality Protein Maize Hybrids Grown in Mexico 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Serna-Saldivar SO Amaya Guerra CA Herrera Macias P Melesio Cuellar JL Preciado Ortiz RE Terron Ibarra AD Vazquez Carrillo G 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(3):119-125
Eleven experimental and three commercial white quality protein maize (QPM) hybrids and two regular endosperm controls were planted at Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico with the aim of comparing grain physical characteristics, protein quality, lime-cooking and tortilla making properties. All genotypes were planted under irrigation using a density of 80,000 plants/ha and fertilized with 250 kg N-60 P-60 K per hectare. When compared with the controls these QPM genotypes had lower test (77.4 vs. 76.5 kg/hL) and 1,000 kernel weights (327 vs. 307 g), softer endosperm texture (2.5 vs. 1.8 where 1 = soft, 2 intermediate and 3 hard endosperm), lower protein (10.0 vs. 8.0%), higher nixtamal water uptake after 30 min lime-cooking (50.0 vs. 53.1% moisture) and lower pericarp removal scores. The lower thousand-kernel weight and softer endosperm texture observed in the QPM genotypes lowered the optimum lime-cooking time as estimated with regression equations. Most QPM genotypes had higher amounts of lysine, tryptophan and albumins/globulins when compared with the controls. QPMs HEC 424973, HEC 774986 and HEC 734286 had the best grain traits for nixtamalization and therefore the best potential for industrial utilization. The commercial use of these QPM hybrids should benefit Mexicans who depend on tortillas as the main staple. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1-2):193-227
SUMMARY Quality Protein Maize (QPM), a nutritionally enhanced maize, was developed by researchers from CIMMYT using too genetic systems–opaque-2 and genetic modifiers. The use of these two genetic systems overcame the highly complex problems that were inherent in the original soft endosperm opaques. This review describes the ever-evolving breeding options and strategies for the development of QPM with examples from the CIMMYT maize program, where much of the research and practical breeding work has been done. The soft endosperm opaque-2 materials developed earlier had poor agronomic performances and lacked producer and consumer acceptance. To overcome these constraints, subsequent research explored various options, with and without high lysine mutants. Like other institutions, CIMMYT researchers tried and critically examined the merits and demerits of different strategies. Of all the strategies available, the selection for modified kernels in which CIMMYT scientists had gained information, experience, and confidence seemed viable. To implement this strategy, modified opaque-2 donor stocks were built and were subsequently used for expanding the QPM developmental efforts. A large volume of QPM germplasm was developed using different breeding options, which were later merged and reorganized into a fixed number of pools and populations to permit working in homozygous opaque-2 genetic backgrounds. The development of QPM hybrids was the next turning point in the mid-80s. During the QPM developmental process, serious problems inherent in the opaques were circumvented and since then, rapid progress has been made. There is a renewed interest in QPM and several countries have recently released QPM varieties and hybrids. To further accelerate the QPM developmental process, to enhance its popularity amongst nations and its farmers, and to meet future challenges, innovative ideas and the tools of biotechnology will be needed. 相似文献
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以两份玉米子粒类型空间诱变系SP-M1、SP-M2以及野生型玉米自交系齐319为试验材料,对田间农艺性状、穗部性状、子粒的营养品质性状和胚乳内部显微结构进行分析。结果表明,与野生型相比,两个诱变系在株高、穗位高、粒长、百粒重等田间农艺性状和穗部性状上发生显著或极显著变异,且变异方向不同,SP-M1和SP-M2赖氨酸含量显著高于野生型,SP-M2淀粉含量显著高于野生型,蛋白质含量显著低于野生型。2个诱变系与齐319在胚乳边缘组织、胚乳内部组织、淀粉粒、基质蛋白等结构存在差异,淀粉粒的组成比例和排列顺序是影响胚乳超微结构差异的主要原因。 相似文献
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Biochemical characterization of QTLs associated with endosperm modification in quality protein maize
Nancy Y. Salazar-Salas Karen V. Pineda-Hidalgo Jeanett Chavez-Ontiveros Roberto Gutierrez-Dorado Cuauhtémoc Reyes-Moreno Luis A. Bello-Pérez Brian A. Larkins Jose A. Lopez-Valenzuela 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014
Genetic analysis using quality protein maize (QPM) recombinant inbred lines derived from K0326Y QPM and W64Ao2 identified three quantitative trait loci (QTL) in bins 1.06, 7.02 and 9.03 associated with opaque2 endosperm modification. We evaluated the effects of these QTLs on protein accumulation and starch physicochemical properties. The QTL in bin 1.06 is close to α-zein genes, and vitreous individuals with this QTL had increased accumulation of 19-kDa α-zein, 27-kDa γ-zein and legumin-1. The QTL in bin 7.02 corresponds to the γ-zein locus, and greater accumulation of this protein was found in vitreous individuals. The QTL in bin 9.03 is close to starch biosynthetic genes; greater accumulation of granule-bound starch synthase and amylose was observed in vitreous kernel samples with this locus and that in bin 1.06, as well as less gelatinization enthalpy and crystallinity. Vitreous kernels contained angular-shaped/compact starch granules and more short-intermediate length chains of amylopectin. These results support that endosperm modification in QPM is associated with increased accumulation of γ-zein and other storage proteins, but also show that synthesis of less crystalline starch with more amorphous regions at the periphery of granules, which favor their packing and association with endosperm proteins, may also be an important factor. 相似文献
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Quality protein maize (QPM) breeding involves the combined use of the opaque-2 (o2) gene and the genetic modifiers of the o2 locus to develop cultivars with modified kernel endosperm, and increased concentrations of lysine and tryptophan. This study was designed to assess grain yield performance, endosperm modification, and protein quality and quantity under two contrasting soil nitrogen environments. A 15-parent diallel cross was evaluated under one low nitrogen stress and one optimal nitrogen environment each at Harare (Zimbabwe) and Bako (Ethiopia). Most QPM hybrids showed higher protein quality levels than the best non-QPM check under both conditions. Protein concentration tended to vary across nitrogen levels, but not endosperm type. Significant differences were found for the test of main effect (nitrogen-level) for endosperm modification and tryptophan concentration. This indicated that QPM maintains quality even under low soil nitrogen, a widespread condition in Africa. General combining ability (GCA) mean squares were highly significant for most protein quality traits for each environment and across environments whereas specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were not significant in most cases. This indicated that additive gene effects were primarily responsible for variation of most traits evaluated and hence progeny performance can adequately be predicted on the basis of parental performance. Inbred lines P2, P4 and P12 had desirable GCA effects for endosperm modification while P1 and P3 had the best GCA for tryptophan concentration in grain. The current study suggests that hybrids with desirable endosperm modification, protein quality and stable performance under low nitrogen stress and optimal conditions can be produced with careful selection. 相似文献
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不同品种、密度、肥料对甜糯玉米产量的影响研究 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
根据正交设计原理,对甜糯玉米的产量在品种、密度、肥料配比等三个因素影响下的变化进行了研究,结果表明三因素对甜糯玉米鲜穗产量的影响效果依次为:品种、密度、肥料;在一定范围内,甜糯玉米鲜穗产量随密度的升高而增加;适量施用K肥可以提高产量;并找到了适宜本地的甜糯玉米高产栽培措施的优化组合. 相似文献