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便携式有机磷农药残留检测仪的设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
有机磷农药是我国现阶段使用量最大的农药,由农药残留及其污染物引起的农业环境及食品安全问题越来越受到人们的重视。为此,针对传统的检测仪器昂贵、操作较复杂、不便于携带的特点,设计了便携式有机磷农药残留检测系统。该系统采用电流型酶电极生物传感器来检测待测液中有机磷农药残留,所得电流经后续电流处理电路放大滤波后送入微处理器,最终以对应农药浓度值的形式显示出来,旨在作为传统有机磷农药残留检测方法的补充,用于田间现场检测。 相似文献
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介绍一种基于酶电极生物传感器的便携式农药残留检测系统,该系统采用STC12C5A60S2微处理器作为控制核心,应用电流型酶电极生物传感器作为检测部件对果蔬提取液进行电化学分析。酶电极产生的μA级微弱电流信号通过I/V变换、差分放大、低通滤波等电路调理后送给A/D转换器,经微处理器运算、量化后将被测液农药残留浓度进行液晶显示并通过微型打印机打印出测试结果。该系统采用RS232总线进行数据上传,上位机应用界面采用LABVIEW编写,可对样本检测结果进行存储、分析、历史数据查询等操作。通过大量果蔬验证性试验,证明该系统稳定可靠、精度高、效果良好。 相似文献
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基于AVR单片机农产品农药残留检测系统设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出了一种采用ATmega16单片机快速检测农产品农药残留的方法.检测系统利用农药对酶活性抑制的特性,通过硅光电池表现出吸光度差,测量出酶抑制率得到农药的残留量.DS1820测量系统的温度确保测量的准确性. 相似文献
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使用基于线性CCD传感器的混药浓度检测装置对混药的浓度进行在线检测,在喷雾流量为3.2 L/min时对该检测装置进行标定,给出每种标定浓度下,每个像素点随采样时间的灰度值图。选用灰度值数据变异系数小于5%的第32～120号像素点作为有效像素点,用有效灰度值表示浓度。将每种浓度的胭脂红溶液下采集的50组有效值数据平均值与标准浓度采用最小二乘法对数拟合,得到有效灰度值与浓度之间的曲线关系,其相关系数为0.978 5。使用标定后的装置检测标准浓度溶液,每种标准浓度下记录连续的5组实测浓度,5组实测浓度间的变异系数均小于1.38%,说明检测装置稳定性较高。每种浓度下实测的5组浓度值的平均值与标准浓度之间的偏差均不大于0.018 4 g/L,相对误差均不大于3.081%,优于使用平均灰度值表征浓度的检测方法。 相似文献
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针对当前农药检测手段仪器复杂、成本昂贵等问题,提出了一种基于纸质微流控农药检测方法。设计了具有自动进样、混合反应、电化学检测等功能的纸质微流控芯片,采用石墨碳、Ag/AgCl材料以及结合化学交联法制备了环状结构的丝网印刷酶电极,并利用循环伏安法对制备的酶电极进行了电化学表征,构建了一套基于酶抑制法的集成酶电极纸质微流控农药检测系统。最后建立了酶抑制率与对硫磷浓度的数学模型,并测试了酶电极的性能。实验结果表明,酶电极具有良好的制备重复性、稳定性和线性度。抑制率与对硫磷浓度的负对数在1.0×10~(-7)~1.0×10~(-5)g/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为:I=158.82+21.11lg C,R~2为0.993,最低检出限为3.3×10~(-8)g/mL。所制备的酶电极微流控传感器抗干扰性较强,对对硫磷农药具有一定的选择性。加标回收率范围在95.8%~115.0%之间。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献