葡萄渣单宁对绵羊养分消化代谢及瘤胃发酵的影响     

赵栋  郑琛  李发弟  李冲  李廷福 《草业学报》2014,23(4):285-292

选用4只体重28 kg左右且安装永久瘤胃瘘管羯羊[萨福克(Suffolk)♂×小尾寒羊(small tail Han-yang)♀],采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,通过消化代谢试验,研究饲料中不同含量葡萄渣单宁对绵羊养分消化代谢及瘤胃发酵的影响。试验共设4个处理,葡萄渣缩合单宁含量分别为0.00,0.85,1.70和2.25 g/kg DM。结果表明,葡萄渣单宁对绵羊干物质、有机物、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙和磷的表观消化率没有产生显著影响(P>0.05),但显著提高绵羊氮表观消化率和存留率(P<0.05);显著降低绵羊瘤胃液总氮和蛋白氮浓度而显著提高尿素氮浓度(P<0.05),对绵羊瘤胃液氨氮浓度没有产生显著的影响(P>0.05);显著提高绵羊瘤胃液丙酸摩尔比而显著降低丁酸摩尔比和乙丙比(P<0.05),对绵羊瘤胃液pH、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和乙酸及其他酸摩尔比没有产生显著的影响(P>0.05)。此外,试验结果表明饲料中添加2.25 g/kg DM含量的葡萄渣单宁,能够提高绵羊对饲料蛋白质的利用率。  相似文献   

不同温度和CO2浓度生长环境下小麦麦秸的消化率研究     

何香玉  慕春龙  蔡旻  吴艳萍  杨宇翔  毛胜勇  成艳芬  朱伟云 《草业学报》2016,25(12):111-118

本试验以优良中筋小麦“扬麦14”为试验材料,在小麦整个生育期提高CO₂浓度和温度,分为4组:空白组,升温组,CO₂组,升温和CO₂混合组,空白组小麦生长平均温度10.5 ℃,CO₂浓度413 μmol/mol,升温组温度高于空白组2 ℃,CO₂组浓度500 μmol/mol,升温和CO₂混合组同时提高温度与CO₂浓度,收割时采集麦秸用于体内消化试验。用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛,采用尼龙袋法评定温度和CO₂浓度升高环境下小麦秸瘤胃的降解特性。结果显示,与空白组相比,升温组DM快速降解部分显著升高(P<0.05),ADF降解率与ADF慢速降解部分显著降低(P<0.05);CO₂组DM,OM,NDF及ADF降解率均显著降低(P<0.05),且DM,OM与NDF有效降解率显著降低(P<0.05);混合组DM,OM,NDF及ADF降解率均显著降低(P<0.05),DM,OM及ADF慢速降解部分显著降低(P<0.05),DM,OM与NDF有效降解率显著降低(P<0.05)。不同处理后麦秸DM,OM,NDF与ADF瘤胃内降解率从高到低为空白组、升温组、CO₂组和混合组。综合以上结果表明,温度和CO₂浓度升高降低了麦秸DM,OM,NDF及ADF瘤胃内降解率,导致麦秸营养价值降低,温度升高对降解率影响最小,其次为CO₂浓度升高,温度和CO₂浓度同时升高对麦秸营养价值的影响最为显著。  相似文献   

玉米粉和乳酸菌对甘薯蔓、酒糟及稻草混合青贮品质的影响     

王鸿泽  王之盛  康坤  邹华围  申俊华  胡瑞 《草业学报》2014,23(6):103-110

为评价玉米粉和乳酸菌对甘薯蔓、酒糟及稻草(4∶4∶2)混合青贮品质的影响,试验设对照组(CK)、玉米粉添加组(CF)、乳酸菌添加组(LAB)、玉米粉和乳酸菌组合添加组(CF+LAB),每个处理6个重复,室温下贮藏60 d开封,取样分析青贮品质。结果表明,添加玉米粉和乳酸菌制剂均明显提高了青贮料的感官品质,与CK相比,CF处理、LAB处理及CF+LAB处理中 CP含量极显著提高(P<0.01), NH₃-N/TN、AA、PA、Ash含量极显著降低(P<0.01),CF处理极显著地提高了DM、CP、LA含量(P<0.01),而LAB处理则极显著地降低了NDF、ADF含量(P<0.01),CF+LAB中NH₃-N/TN、AA含量及pH值极显著低于LAB(P<0.01),显著低于CF(P<0.05)。综上所述,添加玉米粉和乳酸菌制剂均提高了青贮品质,单独添加乳酸菌制剂青贮品质要次于单独添加玉米粉,两者组合添加青贮品质更好。  相似文献   

5株优良抑菌活性乳酸菌对全株玉米青贮品质的影响     

雷赵民  王建福  吴建平  何轶群  吴润  姜辉  万学瑞 《草业学报》2017,26(11):77-84

为了探讨具有优良抑菌活性的乳酸菌对全株玉米青贮过程不同时期营养品质的影响,进一步验证并筛选出可提高玉米秸秆青贮品质的乳酸菌接种剂,将实验室前期从甘肃各地玉米秸秆青贮饲料中分离筛选获得的5株产酸快、多,且具有抑菌活性的优良乳酸菌分别添加到全株玉米秸秆中进行青贮,共设置6个试验组,分别在青贮第3、7、15、30天测定产物的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和氨态氮(NH₃-N)含量及第30 天乳酸(LA)、乙酸(AA)、丙酸(PA)和丁酸(BA)含量。结果显示,发酵30 d后,5个处理组的DM、CP、ADF和LA含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),NH₃-N和WSC含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),B3-1组NDF显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但与其他处理组差异不显著(P>0.05),B3-1和B5-2组AA含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但与其他处理组差异不显著(P>0.05);各组DM、CP、WSC含量均随发酵时间延长而降低,而ADF、NDF和NH₃-N含量均随发酵时间的延长而升高;B3-1组在玉米秸秆全株青贮发酵各期的发酵品质和营养品质最优。以上结果表明5株乳酸菌均能显著改善青贮饲料发酵品质,其中植物乳杆菌B3-1的效果最好。  相似文献   

不同组合饲粮对绵羊消化代谢的影响   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

李勇  郝正里  李发弟  吴秋珏  张晓庆  叶得河 《草业学报》2009,18(1):112-117

选用3只安装永久瘤胃瘘管的甘肃高山细毛羯羊(1.5岁,平均体重22.5kg),采用3×3拉丁方设计,研究3种组合饲粮,即对照饲粮(Ⅰ)、含甜菜渣饲粮(Ⅱ)、含苹果渣饲粮(Ⅲ)对绵羊消化代谢的影响。试验分3期,每期预试期10d,正试期9d。结果表明,饲粮Ⅰ、Ⅱ的干物质(DM)和有机物质(OM)消化量与消化率均显著高于Ⅲ(P＜0.05);饲粮Ⅱ的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)消化量及消化率呈现出高于Ⅰ、Ⅲ的趋势(P＞0.05),饲粮Ⅲ的NDF和ADF消化率也呈现出低于Ⅰ的趋势;饲粮Ⅱ的氮消化量显著高于Ⅰ(P＜0.05),其消化率显著高于饲粮Ⅰ、Ⅲ(P＜0.05),呈现出其氮存留量高于Ⅰ及氮存留率高于Ⅰ、Ⅲ的趋势;饲粮Ⅱ钙的表观消化率显著高于Ⅰ(P＜0.01)、Ⅲ(P＜0.05),Ⅲ也显著高于Ⅰ(P＜0.05);饲粮Ⅲ的磷表观消化量显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ(P＜0.05),且呈现饲粮Ⅲ磷消化率高于Ⅱ,Ⅱ也高于Ⅰ的趋势。  相似文献   

不同精粗比日粮中添加小肽对牦牛瘤胃体外发酵特性的影响     

涂瑞  苗建军  彭忠利  高彦华  柏雪  谢昕廷 《草业学报》2020,29(3):78-88

为研究不同精粗比日粮中添加小肽对牦牛瘤胃体外发酵产气量、养分降解率以及发酵参数的影响,采用3×5交叉设计,以底物的精粗比(40∶60、50∶50、60∶40)和小肽的添加水平(0、0.75%、1.50%、2.25%、3.00%)作为两试验因素,试验共15个处理,每个处理3个重复,在发酵48 h后采集发酵样品进行测定。结果表明:1)日粮精粗比对中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的降解率无显著影响(P>0.05);随小肽添加水平的升高,NDF和ADF的降解率呈先升高后降低的二次曲线变化(P<0.01),以1.50%和2.25%水平效果较佳。日粮精粗比和小肽添加水平对产气量(GP)和干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)的降解率存在极显著的互作效应(P<0.01)。2)随日粮精粗比的升高,pH逐渐降低(P<0.01),微生物蛋白(MCP)合成量逐渐升高(P>0.05),且50∶50和60∶40无显著差异。随小肽添加水平的升高,pH和MCP均呈二次曲线变化(P<0.01),以2.25%水平最高。日粮精粗比和小肽添加水平对氨态氮(NH₃-N)浓度存在显著的互作效应(P<0.05)。3)日粮精粗比和小肽添加水平对挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)存在极显著的互作效应(P<0.01)。在3种精粗比条件下,随小肽添加水平的升高,乙酸与丙酸比(乙/丙)和乙酸、异丁酸、异戊酸比例呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05),以1.50%水平时乙/丙最小,乙酸比例最低,2.25%水平时异位酸比例最高。综上所述,日粮精粗比和小肽添加水平对体外产气量、养分降解率和发酵参数有着显著影响。本试验条件下,精粗比为50∶50和60∶40时效果较好,小肽的添加水平以1.50%和2.25%为宜。  相似文献   

外源纤维素酶对发酵全混合日粮营养价值、发酵品质和酶活性的动态影响     

陈光吉  吴佳海  尚以顺  张蓉  何廷章  吴彦  娄芬  熊俊  甘小波  陈荫琼  王普昶  韩永芬  李世歌  舒建虹 《草业学报》2019,28(9):123-134

本试验旨在探究外源纤维素酶(EFE)添加到发酵全混合日粮(FTMR)中对其营养价值、发酵品质和酶活性的影响,并找出适宜添加水平。采用完全随机试验设计,设置5个纤维素酶添加水平(0、0.4、0.8、1.6、3.2 g·kg^-1 DM),分别测定底物发酵的第7、14、35、49、70天的概略养分、可溶性碳水化物(WSC)、发酵参数和4种酶活力。结果表明,1)纵向看,随发酵时间的延长,底物的干物质(DM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和可溶性碳水化合物含量,以及4种酶活力均呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05),而乙酸含量则呈显著上升趋势(P<0.05)。2)横向看,随着EFE添加量的提高,发酵一定时间后, DM、NDF、ADF和WSC含量以及pH值、氨态氮含量、羧基肽酶活力和酸性蛋白酶活力呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05),而乙酸含量、纤维素酶活力、和木聚糖活力呈上升趋势(P<0.05),发酵第35天后趋于稳定,0.8和1.6 g·kg^-1 EFE添加组表现出较低的pH值、NDF含量和ADF含量(P<0.05),以及较高的纤维素酶和木聚糖酶活力(P<0.05);由此,本试验发现,添加EFE可促进FTMR中纤维类物质的降解、有机酸的积累和自身纤维类物质的酶活力,抑制羧基肽酶活力和酸性蛋白酶活力,减少蛋白质的损失,且存在添加剂量效应,适宜添加量为0.8~1.6 g·kg^-1 DM。  相似文献   

饲料来源对育肥湖羊生产性能、养分消化及瘤胃微生物组成的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

董春晓  吕佳颖  张智安  李飞  李发弟 《草业学报》2019,28(4):106-115

为评价日粮粗饲料来源对育肥湖羊生产性能、养分消化及瘤胃微生物组成的影响。选择60日龄健康湖羊公羔(22.9±1.2) kg 120只,根据体重相近原则随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复6只羊,分别以玉米秸秆(CS)、玉米芯(CC)、葵花籽壳(SH)和油菜秸秆(RS)作为粗饲料来源,添加比例均为20%,4组精料配比一致,预试期7 d,正试期70 d。在饲喂的49~55 d,每组选择5只羊采用全收粪法进行消化代谢试验,测定干物质(DM)、有机物质(OM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和氮(N)的表观消化率。试验结束后,每组选择15只羊进行屠宰,采集瘤胃内容物,提取瘤胃微生物DNA,对瘤胃细菌进行绝对定量。结果显示:1)CS组湖羊干物质采食量显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),且末体重和平均日增重显著高于RS组(P<0.05),其他组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)CS和CC组湖羊DM和ADF消化率显著高于RS组(P<0.05),且其OM和NDF消化率显著高于SH组和RS组(P<0.05);SH组湖羊N消化率显著高于RS组,其ADF消化率与其他3组湖羊差异均不显著(P>0.05)。3)CS组和CC组湖羊瘤胃中白色瘤胃球菌和普雷沃氏菌数量均显著高于RS组(P<0.05),而SH组湖羊瘤胃中两种细菌的数量与其他3组湖羊均无显著差异(P>0.05),CS组和CC组湖羊瘤胃中黄色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌数量均显著高于SH组和RS组(P<0.05),4组湖羊瘤胃中反刍兽新月单胞菌数量差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明:相较于葵花籽壳组日粮和油菜秸秆组日粮,玉米秸秆组和玉米芯组日粮不仅可以确保育肥湖羊的生产性能,并且有利于纤维分解菌的生存,可促进纤维素在瘤胃中的降解。  相似文献   

精料补饲水平对绵羊饲料利用效率和氮平衡的影响   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

刘晓牧  王中华  李福昌  高秀华 《畜牧兽医学报》2004,35(3):266-269

用6只安装瘤胃瘘管的8月龄小尾寒羊公羊(平均体重29.98±3.53kg),采用对比试验设计,研究了精料补饲水平(150g/d,250g/d,350g/d,450g/d)对玉米秸自由采食量、料重比、N平衡、日粮营养物质消化率和绵羊日增重的影响。结果表明,秸秆自由采食量随精料补饲水平的增加而提高(P<0.01),但350g/d和450g/d补饲水平的差异不显著(P>0.05)。精料补饲量为150g/d时绵羊的日增重为负值,日粮营养水平不能满足维持需要。250g/d精料补饲水平下,精料和日粮的料重比均显著大于350g/d和450g/d两种精料补饲水平(P<0.05),而350g/d与450g/d精料补饲水平间的差异不显著(P>0.05)。单位日增重的精料消耗量以350g/d精料补饲水平组的表观值最低,日粮消耗量以450g/d最低。日粮DM、OM、CP、NDF、ADF消化率在150g/d、250g/d、350g/d精料补饲水平下随精料喂量的提高而显著提高,精料喂量由350g/d增加到450g/d后显著下降。食入N、粪N均随精料补饲量的增加而增加,尿N量在250g/d精料补饲水平下最低(P<0.01),尿N/可消化N在350g/d精料补饲水平下最低(P<0.01)。  相似文献   

微生态制剂对玉米秸秆青贮发酵品质、营养成分及瘤胃降解率的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陶莲  冯文晓  王玉荣  刁其玉 《草业学报》2016,25(9):152-160

本研究以玉米秸秆为研究对象,探讨酶制剂、菌制剂以及酶制剂与菌制剂混合处理对玉米秸秆青贮料发酵品质、营养成分以及瘤胃降解率的影响。玉米秸秆(干物质含量为42%~44%)用青贮切碎机切短至2 cm,将各处理青贮剂溶于蒸馏水,与原料混合均匀后,装入聚乙烯袋(24 cm×40 cm)中,每袋1 kg,然后用真空包装机抽真空封口,室温贮藏45 d后开封取样。采用实验室化学分析法及半体内试验测定发酵品质、营养成分和瘤胃降解率。结果表明,1)与对照组相比,菌制剂(LAB₁ 和LAB₂)处理组pH值和NH₃-N含量均显著降低(P<0.05),乳酸(LA)含量、有机物(OM)及可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)保存量、干物质(DM)、OM、粗蛋白(CP)的瘤胃降解率显著增加(P<0.05);菌制剂处理组的WSC含量显著高于对照组和酶制剂处理(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,酶制剂(CE₁和CE₂)处理组pH值、NH₃-N含量、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、纤维素均显著降低(P<0.05),乳酸(LA)含量、有机物(OM)及可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)保存量、干物质(DM)、OM、粗蛋白(CP)的瘤胃降解率显著增加(P<0.05);有降低酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)含量的趋势,但是差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)酶菌复合处理组(MCL₁和MCL₂)pH值最低(P<0.05),NDF、纤维素在瘤胃中降解能力显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05),ADL降解率在数值上高于其他组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);与对照组相比,酶菌混合处理组能够降低NDF、ADF、纤维素含量(P<0.05)。综上,酶菌复合添加剂喷洒到秸秆中进行青贮发酵后,能够有效破除玉米秸秆青贮饲料的特殊的木质素-纤维素-半纤维素复合体结构,改善秸秆青贮饲料的发酵品质,提高营养物质的保存量及反刍动物瘤胃对秸秆营养物质的降解率,从而提高秸秆的可利用率,其中MCL₂处理组效果最佳。  相似文献   

奶牛日粮添加豆油和胡麻油对有机物和纤维物质消化率的影响     

胡志勇  王加启  卜登攀  杨舒黎  邓露芳  魏宏阳  周凌云 《中国畜牧兽医》2007,34(6):5-8

选用4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的初产奶牛采用4×4拉丁方设计，研究不添加油脂（CK）、添加4％豆油（LOC1）、4％胡麻油（LOC2）以及2％豆油+2％胡麻油（LOC3）对DM、OM、NDF、ADF瘤胃表观消化率及全肠道消化率的影响。结果表明：在60%高粗料日粮基础上添加4%豆油、亚麻油或二者的混合物，对奶牛干物质采食量没有影响。与对照组相比,添加油组DM、OM、NDF、ADF的瘤胃表观消化率和全肠道消化率都有降低的趋势，但差异不显著（P＞0.05），3个添加油组之间差异也不显著（P＞0.05）。  相似文献   

Effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme on ruminal fermentation and digestibility of alfalfa and rye-grass hay fed to lambs   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Pinos-Rodríguez JM  González SS  Mendoza GD  Bárcena R  Cobos MA  Hernández A  Ortega ME 《Journal of animal science》2002,80(11):3016-3020

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of a directly fed exogenous fibrolytic enzyme on intake and digestion of DM, OM, protein, NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose of alfalfa and ryegrass hay by sheep. Four diets were randomly assigned to four ruminally cannulated lambs using a 4 x 4 Latin square design, repeated in time, with a factorial arrangement (2 x 2) of diets: 1) alfalfa hay; 2) alfalfa hay + exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (enzyme); 3) ryegrass hay; and 4) ryegrass hay + enzyme. Lambs consumed more DM and OM from alfalfa than from ryegrass hay (P < 0.001). The ADF intake was not different between the hays, but NDF intake was lower for alfalfa (P < 0.001). For both hays, the enzyme increased intake of DM (P < 0.01), as well as OM and CP (P < 0.05); however, NDF and ADF intake were not changed. Alfalfa hay had higher apparent digestibility of DM, OM, and CP (P < 0.001), but lower digestibility for NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose. The enzyme increased apparent digestibility of CP, hemicellulose (P < 0.05), and NDF (P < 0.10) for alfalfa. Also, for both hays, the enzyme improved N balance because lambs retained more N (P < 0.05). The enzyme increased (P < 0.05) total VFA concentration (3 and 6 h) for both hays. Results from this trial indicate that directly fed exogenous fibrolytic enzymes may change ruminal fermentation, intake, and digestibility of forages with different nutritive value.  相似文献   

茶渣单宁含量对绵羊养分消化利用与氮代谢参数的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

潘发明  李发弟  郝正里  郑琛  董淑慧 《畜牧兽医学报》2012,43(1):71-81

旨在研究茶渣单宁含量对绵羊养分消化利用与氮代谢参数的影响.本研究分析了茶渣(RTL)的营养成分和单宁含量;用体外法测定6种配比茶渣/大豆粕混合料(0∶10、1∶9、2∶8、3∶7、4∶6、10∶0,其中茶渣缩合单宁(RTL-CT)含量依次为0.00、0.16、0.31、0.47、0.63和1.57 g·kg -1DM)的瘤胃液与瘤胃液+HCl-胃蛋白酶干物质(DM)与粗蛋白质(CP)降解率( rdDM、tdDM、rdCP、tdCP);用4只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的甘肃高山细毛羊羯羊(1岁半,体质量(29士2.55)kg),按4×4拉丁方方案进行试验,研究了饲粮RTL-CT水平(A、B、C、D分别为0.00、0.77、1.53、2.30 g·kg-1DM)对绵羊养分消化利用与氮代谢参数的影响,共4个15d的饲粮循环(预试期9d,收集期6 d).试验结果:(1)3个茶渣样的粗蛋白质(CP)、粗纤维(CF)、单宁(单宁酸等价,TAE)与CT含量范围分别为23.23％～28.11％、16.68％～17.84％、1.98％～2.10％和1.47％～1.57％.(2)茶渣/大豆粕混合料的rdDM、tdDM、rdCP、tdCP均随茶渣比例提高而线性下降,变化范围相应为61.39％～25.67％、79.61％～26.47％、60.76％～16.68％和84.85％～17.69％.(3)体内试验中,高比例茶渣影响采食量,饲粮D(P＜0.01)、C(P＞0.05)的DM与有机物质(OM)采食量低于A、B; RTL-CT对DM、OM、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、氮、钙和磷的消化率无显著影响(P＞0.05);但随RTL-CT水平提高尿氮排出量线性下降,导致氮存留率上升,C的氮存留率较A提高23.61％ (P＜0.05),B、D分别提高12.57％和15.88％ (P＞0.05);随RTL-CT提高,瘤胃液pH、总氮浓度无显著变化(P＞0.05),而NH3-N与血浆尿素氮(BUN)含量线性下降,C、D的NH3-N分别是A的50.36％( P＞0.05)和46.55％ (P＜0.05),BUN相应为A的68.04％与59.99％(P＜0.05).可见,茶渣是高蛋白质、低纤维物质,单宁含量为中等的物质;本试验中,RTbCT降低了饲粮的体外瘤胃CP降解率,但未影响体内全消化道消化率,且通过减少尿N排出而提高了氮存留率;但高比例RTL-CT降低了绵羊采食量.显然,RTL-CT l.53 g·kg-1DM对饲粮蛋白质的保护效果较好,且对采食量无显著影响.  相似文献   

Influence of soybean meal and sorghum grain supplementation on intake, digesta kinetics, ruminal fermentation, site and extent of digestion and microbial protein synthesis in beef steers grazing blue grama rangeland     

L J Krysl  M E Branine  A U Cheema  M A Funk  M L Galyean 《Journal of animal science》1989,67(11):3040-3051

Six beef steers (British x Brahman) cannulated at the rumen, duodenum and ileum (avg wt 334 kg) and three mature steers (British x British) cannulated at the esophagus were used in a replicated 3 x 3 latin square design and fed no supplement (C), .5 kg soybean meal (SBM) or .5 kg steam-flaked sorghum grain (SFS).head-1.d-1 (DM basis) while grazing blue grama rangeland. Periods of the latin square included a minimum of 14 d for adaptation and 11 d for esophageal masticate collection and digesta sampling. In September, October and November, respectively, forage collected by esophageally cannulated steers averaged 74.5, 88.8 and 71.0% grasses; 2.06, 1.53 and 1.77% N and 68.3, (P greater than .10) by treatment, but total N intake was greater (P less than .05) for SBM vs C and SFS treatments. No differences (P greater than .10) were detected among treatments in OM, NDF, ADF and N digestibilities in the rumen, small intestine or hindgut, but total tract OM digestibility was greater (P less than .10) for SBM and SFS than for C, and total tract N digestibility was greater (P less than .10) for SBM than for C or SFS. Duodenal ammonia N flow was greater (P less than .05) when SBM was fed that when SFS and C were fed, but microbial N and non-ammonia, non-microbial N flows and microbial efficiency were not altered by treatment. Likewise, ileal N flow was not affected (P greater than .10) by treatment. Particulate passage rate, gastrointestinal mean retention time, forage in vitro OM disappearance and in situ rate of forage NDF digestion also were not affected (P greater than .10) by treatments. Ruminal fluid volume was greater (P less than .05) for SFS vs SBM and C treatments, but no differences were noted in fluid dilution rate. Ruminal fluid ammonia concentration was greater (P less than .05) when SBM was fed than when SFS and C were fed (13.5, 9.9 and 8.7 mg/dl, respectively), whereas pH and total VFA concentrations were not different (P greater than .10). Proportion of acetate in ruminal fluid was less (P less than .10) for SBM and SFS than for C. Small amounts of supplemental SBM and SFS had little effect on forage intake, ruminal fermentation and site of digestion but both increased total tract OM digestion in steers grazing blue grama rangeland.  相似文献   

Effects of canola seed supplementation on intake, digestion, duodenal protein supply, and microbial efficiency in steers fed forage-based diets     

Leupp JL  Lardy GP  Soto-Navarro SA  Bauer ML  Caton JS 《Journal of animal science》2006,84(2):499-507

Fourteen Holstein steers (446 +/- 4.4 kg of initial BW) with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal cannulas were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate effects of whole or ground canola seed (23.3% CP and 39.6% ether extract; DM basis) on intake, digestion, duodenal protein supply, and microbial efficiency in steers fed low-quality hay. Our hypothesis was that processing would be necessary to optimize canola use in diets based on low-quality forage. The basal diet consisted of ad libitum access to switchgrass hay (5.8% CP; DM basis) offered at 0700 daily. Treatments consisted of hay only (control), hay plus whole canola (8% of dietary DM), or hay plus ground canola (8% of dietary DM). Supplemental canola was provided based on the hay intake of the previous day. Steers were adapted to diets for 14 d followed by a 7-d collection period. Total DMI, OM intake, and OM digestibility were not affected (P > or = 0.31) by treatment. Similarly, no differences (P > or = 0.62) were observed for NDF or ADF total tract digestion. Bacterial OM at the duodenum increased (P = 0.01) with canola-containing diets compared with the control diet and increased (P = 0.08) in steers consuming ground canola compared with whole canola. Apparent and true ruminal CP digestibilities were increased (P = 0.01) with canola supplementation compared with the control diet. Canola supplementation decreased ruminal pH (P = 0.03) compared with the control diet. The molar proportion of acetate in the rumen tended (P = 0.10) to decrease with canola supplementation. The molar proportion of acetate in ruminal fluid decreased (P = 0.01), and the proportion of propionate increased (P = 0.01), with ground canola compared with whole canola. In situ disappearance rate of hay DM, NDF, and ADF were not altered by treatment (P > or = 0.32). In situ disappearance rate of canola DM, NDF, and ADF increased (P = 0.01) for ground canola compared with whole canola. Similarly, ground canola had greater (P = 0.01) soluble CP fraction and CP disappearance rate compared with whole canola. No treatment effects were observed for ruminal fill, fluid dilution rate, or microbial efficiency (P > or = 0.60). The results suggest that canola processing enhanced in situ degradation but had minimal effects on ruminal or total tract digestibility in low-quality, forage-based diets.  相似文献   

Influence of rumen protein degradability and supplementation frequency on steers consuming low-quality forage: I. Site of digestion and microbial efficiency     

Bohnert DW  Schauer CS  Bauert L  DelCurto T 《Journal of animal science》2002,80(11):2967-2977

Seven cannulated (rumen and duodenal) Angus x Hereford steers (264 +/- 8 kg BW) consuming low-quality forage (5% CP; 61% NDF; 31% ADF) were used to determine the influence of CP degradability and supplementation frequency (SF) on DMI and nutrient digestion. Treatments included an unsupplemented control and degradable intake protein (DIP) or undegradable intake protein (UIP) provided daily, every 3 d, or every 6 d. The DIP treatments (18% UIP) were calculated to provide 100% of the DIP requirement, while the UIP treatments (60% UIP) were provided on an isonitrogenous basis compared with DIP. Forage DMI was not affected by treatment. Total DM and N intake, duodenal N flow, and intestinal N disappearance increased (P < 0.01) with supplementation. Dry matter intake and duodenal N flow responded quadratically (P < 0.04; greatest values on the every-third-day treatments) as SF decreased. However, no differences in N intake or intestinal N disappearance were observed because of CP degradability or SF. Duodenal bacterial N flow and true bacterial N synthesis (g bacterial N/kg of OM truly digested in the rumen) were increased (P < 0.05) with supplementation. Also, duodenal bacterial N flow was greater (P < 0.05) for DIP compared with UIP. Duodenal nonbacterial N flow was increased (P = 0.02) with CP supplementation and for UIP compared with DIP (P < 0.01). Supplemental CP increased (P < 0.01) total tract DM and N digestibility with no difference due to CP degradability or SF. Results suggest CP supplements consisting of 20 to 60% UIP can be effectively used by steers consuming low-quality forage without adversely affecting DMI, nutrient digestibility, or bacterial CP synthesis, even when provided as infrequently as once every 6 d.  相似文献   

The effects of corn silage dry matter content and sodium bicarbonate addition on nutrient digestion and growth by lambs and calves     

R R Worley  J A Paterson  K P Coffey  D K Bowman  J E Williams 《Journal of animal science》1986,63(6):1728-1736

One lamb and three calf trials were conducted to determine if interactions existed between the effects of dry matter (DM) content of corn silage at harvest and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on diet digestibility, nitrogen balance, rate and site of digestion and feedlot performance. Corn plants were harvested from the same field when DM content was approximately 31% (early; E) or 44% (late; L). Sodium bicarbonate (1.2% of DM intake) was added in a completely mixed ration. When lambs were offered diets ad libitum, (trial 1), intakes were greater (P less than .05) for L-silage diets, but apparent digestibilities were similar. Nitrogen balance was greater for sodium bicarbonate-supplemented diets, and was a reflection of greater (P less than .10) DM intakes for these diets. At similar diet DM intakes, N balance was greater for L-silage diets, with no effects measured due to sodium bicarbonate addition. When growing, abomasally cannulated heifers (trial 2) were offered diets 12 times per day, a significant interaction among treatments was measured for total tract and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestion. Adding bicarbonate to the E-silage diet increased (P less than .05) digestion by 9.1 percentage units (66.4 vs 75.5%) but decreased digestibility of the L-silage diet by 4.2 percentage units (73 vs 68.8%). Grams of ADF apparently digested in the rumen followed the same pattern as for total tract digestion. In trial 3, ruminal rates of liquid and particulate passage and in situ rats of NDF digestion were determined using four rumen-cannulated heifers calves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Prediction of nutritive values in grass silages: I. Nutrient digestibility and energy concentrations using nutrient compositions and fermentation characteristics     

Yan T  Agnew RE 《Journal of animal science》2004,82(5):1367-1379

Grass silages (n = 136) were selected from commercial farms across Northern Ireland according to their pH, ammonia nitrogen, DM, and predicted ME concentration. Each silage was offered to four sheep as a sole feed at maintenance feeding level to determine nutrient digestibility and urinary energy output. Dry matter concentration was determined as alcohol-corrected toluene DM and was subsequently used as the basis for all nutrient concentrations. The objectives were to use these data to examine relationships between nutritive value and nutrient concentration or fermentation characteristics in silages and then develop prediction equations for silage nutritive values using stepwise multiple regression techniques. The silages had a large range in quality (DM = 15.5 to 41.3%, ME = 7.7 to 12.9 MJ/kg of DM, pH = 3.5 to 5.5) and a relatively even distribution over the range. There was a positive relationship (P < 0.001) between silage GE and DE or ME concentration. Digestible OM in total DM (DOMD); ME/GE; and digestibility of DM, OM, and GE were positively related (P < 0.05) to CP, soluble CP, ether extract, lactic acid concentration, and lactic acid/ total VFA, whereas they were negatively related (P < 0.05) to ADF, NDF, lignin, individual VFA concentration, pH, and ammonia N/total N. Concentrations of DE and ME and digestibility of CP and NDF had similar relationships with those variables, although some relationships were not significant. Three sets of multiple prediction equations for DE and ME concentration; ME/ GE; DOMD; and digestibility of DM, OM, GE, CP, and NDF were therefore developed using three sets of predictors. The first set included GE, CP, soluble N/total N, DM, ash, NDF, lignin, lactic acid/total VFA, and ammonia N/total N; the second set excluded soluble N/ total N and lignin because they are not typically measured; the third set further excluded the fermentation data. The R2 values generally decreased with exclusion of predictors. The second and third sets of equations, except for NDF digestibility, were validated using the mean-square-prediction-error model and an independent grass silage data set published since 1977 (n = 17 [DM digestibility] to 28 [DOMD and OM digestibility]). The validation indicated that the equations developed in the present experiment could accurately predict DE and ME concentrations and DE/GE and ME/GE in grass silages.  相似文献   

大叶麻竹笋壳饲用价值的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王兴菊  李周权  唐正菊  王建国 《四川畜牧兽医》2010,37(12):30-32

本试验采用化学分析法和尼龙袋法测定了大叶麻竹笋壳的有机物(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗灰分(Ash)和钙(Ca)、磷(P)含量,以及在山羊瘤胃内干物质和有机物的降解率。结果表明:大叶麻竹笋壳各常规养分含量(绝干基础)为OM 95.7204%、CP 8.1185%、NDF 78.904 4%、ADF 45.742 3%、Ash 4.279 3%、Ca 0.119 0%、P 0.148 7%,山羊瘤胃内的干物质和有机物的有效降解率分别为DM 29.5577%、OM 25.9155%。  相似文献   

Effect of salinomycin level on nutrient digestibility and ruminal characteristics of sheep and feedlot performance of cattle   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

N R Merchen  L L Berger 《Journal of animal science》1985,60(5):1338-1346

A sheep digestion trial and two feedlot trials with cattle were conducted to study effects of an ionophore, salinomycin, on nutrient digestibility, ruminal metabolism and cattle performance. In trial 1, addition of salinomycin at 5.5, 11 or 22 ppm to 60% concentrate diets fed to ruminal-cannulated rams had no effect (P greater than .05) on apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) or starch in comparison with control diets. Apparent nitrogen (N) digestibility was increased (P less than .05) in animals fed salinomycin. Salinomycin did not affect total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in the rumen, but resulted in a linear (P less than .05) increase in molar proportion of propionate and a linear (P less than .05) decrease in molar proportions of acetate and butyrate and in acetate:propionate ratios. Shifts in VFA proportions were fully expressed within 4 d after salinomycin was added to the diet. In trial 2, salinomycin was added at 5.5, 11, 22 or 33 ppm to 85% concentrate diets fed to finishing steers. Salinomycin level had a quadratic effect (P less than .05) on daily weight gain and resulted in a quadratic (P less than .05) decrease in feed intake with a resultant average improvement of 10.3% in feed efficiency. Salinomycin (5.5, 11, 16.5 or 22 ppm) and monensin (22 ppm) were added to 90% concentrate diets in trial 3 and produced increased rates of gain without affecting feed intake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献