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《果树学报》2016,(1)
【目的】探明丙溴磷和辛硫磷在香蕉果实及果皮中的残留消解动态和最终残留状况。【方法】通过田间试验法进行施药,并利用气相色谱法进行残留量分析。【结果】丙溴磷和辛硫磷在香蕉果皮中的原始沉积量比在果实中的原始沉积量大,且加倍剂量的原始沉积量高于推荐剂量的原始沉积量。2种农药在香蕉果实和果皮中的消解动态符合一级动力学方程(Ct=C0ekt),丙溴磷在果实中的∣k∣=(0.444 3±0.053 8),半衰期(T1/2)为1.4~1.8 d,消解99%所需要的时间(T0.99)为9.2~11.7 d;在果皮的∣k∣=(0.191 7±0.011 5),T1/2为3.4~3.8 d,T0.99为22.7~25.6 d;辛硫磷在果实中的∣k∣=(0.307 5±0.009 8),T1/2为1.2 d,T0.99为7.9~8.3 d;在果皮的∣k∣=(0.217 8±0.013 8),T1/2为3.0~3.4 d,T0.99为19.9~22.6 d。距第2次打药20 d后,在果实中均检测不出丙溴磷和辛硫磷的残留量,而在果皮中距第2次打药30 d才检测不出辛硫磷残留,40 d后检测不出丙溴磷残留。【结论】丙溴磷和辛硫磷在香蕉中属于易降解农药,2种农药在果实中的消解速率比在果皮中的消解速率快。 相似文献
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早熟薄皮甜瓜新品种香瑞1号的选育 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
香瑞1号是黑龙江省青冈县瑞雪农业有限责任公司以NY-99为父本、RX-99为母本选育的早熟薄皮甜瓜新品种.全生育期68d,果实发育期27 d.子、孙蔓均可结瓜.果实长圆形,果皮黄白色,果实大小整齐,外形美观,不裂果;中心可溶性固形物14%,品质优.单果质量500～600g,667m2产量3 500 kg左右.田间表现对... 相似文献
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《北方园艺》2020,(1)
为探寻番茄果实适宜贮藏时间,以"汉蒙7号"番茄果实为试验材料,置于4℃冰箱进行低温贮藏,分别于贮藏0、2、4、6、8 d测定果实形态、品质、色素含量的变化,并观察果皮显微结构。结果表明:在低温贮藏过程中,番茄果实横径、纵径、果形指数、单果质量、糖度和叶绿素含量无显著变化,而番茄果实的失重率显著增加,花青素含量在2 d显著增加,随后6 d又降低;硬度在6 d时显著降低;有机酸和可溶性蛋白质含量显著下降,4 d均达到最低值;维生素C含量在8 d显著降低,类胡萝卜素和番茄红素含量分别在低温贮藏2 d和6 d时显著降低;外果皮细胞排列较紧密,随着贮藏时间的延长,细胞间隙逐渐增大。综合分析发现,"汉蒙7号"番茄果实在低温贮藏4 d以内,其果实品质保持较好,果皮结构完整性较好。因此,为防止番茄果实营养品质的降低,"汉蒙7号"番茄果实最佳低温贮藏时间为4 d以内。该研究明确了"汉蒙7号"番茄果实低温贮藏过程中果实品质、色素含量和果皮显微结构的变化规律,为指导番茄果实贮藏保鲜以及品质调控研究提供参考依据。 相似文献
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“泽西”越桔花青苷积累与相关基因表达研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国南方果树》2015,(6)
以越桔品种"泽西"果皮为试材,通过对花后7个时期花青苷含量的测定和花青苷合成途径中部分关键基因的克隆和表达,研究果实发育过程中果实着色及花青苷含量与这些基因的关系。果实发育不同时期果皮中花青苷含量的测定结果显示,套袋与对照果实在果实发育前期(花后20~40d),果皮中没有检测到花青苷含量;对照果实进入转色期(花后50d)到果实成熟期(花后80d),花青苷相对含量从10.87U·g-1增加到389.11U·g-1,呈持续升高的趋势,在花后80d达到最大值。套袋果实在花后50d,果皮中花青苷含量为4.06U·g-1,随着果实成熟,在花后80d花青苷相对含量增加到374.21U·g-1。套袋试验结果显示,套袋与对照的日均光照强度和果实表面温度均呈先升高后下降的变化趋势,套袋内的日均光照强度和果实表面温度均较对照显著降低。花青苷合成关键基因的表达分析结果显示,套袋与对照果实在整个果实发育期,VcCHS和VcF3H的相对表达量呈先下降后升高的趋势;VcDFR、VcANS和VcMYB呈先下降后升高,之后又下降的趋势;VcANR和VcLAR的表达量在果实发育初期均表现为下降趋势,果实进入转色期后,未能检测到其表达;UFGT的表达量在果实发育初期未能检测到,随着果实进入转色期,其表达量迅速升高。套袋果实果皮中,在果实不同发育阶段,VcF3H、VcDFR和VcUFGT等5个基因的表达受套袋影响呈上调或下调表达。 相似文献
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温州蜜柑粗皮大果形成过程的解剖学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】为了明确温州蜜柑粗皮大果形成的原因和关键时期,【方法】试验以‘国庆一号’温州蜜柑为材料,比较果实发育过程中,粗皮大果与薄皮果果蒂处果皮的显微结构差异。【结果】结果表明,花后21 d粗皮大果中果皮细胞开始排列疏松,花后28 d其外果皮出现凹凸不平现象,这些均与薄皮果存在明显差异;花后7～21 d果皮细胞层数快速增长,导致果皮增厚,粗皮大果与薄皮果表现显著差异;果实成熟前,薄皮果果皮逐渐变薄,粗皮大果的果皮却不断增厚,成熟时其果皮厚度达到薄皮果的3.8倍。【结论】花后7～28 d是粗皮大果果皮增厚的关键时期。 相似文献
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遮光对沪油018油桃果皮花色苷含量及果实着色的影响 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
以沪油018为试材,在果实硬核期进行套袋遮光处理,以不套袋果为对照,探讨遮光对果皮花色苷、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和类黄酮等色素含量及果实颜色的影响。结果表明,套袋遮光处理后20d,果皮中花色苷含量迅速下降并接近于0,此后一直保持较低的水平,直到果实成熟时略有回升其含量仅为对照的2%;同时,套袋处理也降低了果皮中的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和类黄酮含量,果实成熟时果皮叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量和类黄酮含量分别降低到对照的63.59%、46%和66%。套袋通过改变果实的底色与着色来改变果实的颜色,使果实成熟时的颜色为橘黄色而不同于对照果呈现的浓红色。 相似文献
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为探讨提高‘红香酥’着色的套袋技术措施,以‘红香酥’梨为试材,研究了果实发育过程中果皮花青苷含量的变化及果园温度、套袋时期对果皮花青苷积累的影响。结果表明,‘红香酥’梨果皮花青苷合成与积累高峰出现在果实发育后期,期间含量有所下降,接近果实成熟时花青苷含量急剧增加,成熟时达到最高峰;叶绿素含量从盛花后100 d开始逐渐降低,至果实成熟时达到最低值;类胡萝卜素含量在盛花后90 d以后一直保持较低的水平;昼夜温差不影响花青苷的积累,但较低的昼夜气温有利于花青苷的积累;花后30 d套袋,果实成熟前60 d去袋可显著提高果皮花青苷含量,但对叶绿素含量影响不显著。单独利用套袋技术不能显著改善‘红香酥’梨果实着色。 相似文献
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Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden. 相似文献
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AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α1-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α1-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α1-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α1-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension. 相似文献
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AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β-particles emission from 188Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by 188Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [3H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of 188Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from 188 Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G0/G1 arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(1):139-156
Abstract This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality. 相似文献
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AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration. 相似文献
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GONG Yong-sheng LI Ji-wu YANG Peng-lin FAN Xiao-fang HU Liang-gang ZHENG Lü-zhen JIANG Zhong-sun 《园艺学报》2003,19(9):1261-1264
AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling. 相似文献
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Fulé Peter Z. Crouse Joseph E. Heinlein Thomas A. Moore Margaret M. Covington W. Wallace Verkamp Greg 《Landscape Ecology》2003,18(5):465-486
Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(3):101-120
Abstract Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species. 相似文献
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以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。 相似文献