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1.
《畜牧与兽医》2021,(6)
为了解上海地区畜禽粪便中重金属含量情况,本文采用电感耦合等离子体法,检测了上海地区规模化养殖场畜禽粪便(猪粪、鸡粪、牛粪和羊粪)中铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)及铅(Pb)的含量。结果显示:Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg及Pb在4种畜禽粪便中含量存在差异,其中Cu、Zn、Ni在猪粪中的平均含量显著高于其他畜禽粪便(P0.05), Cu的平均含量约为291.12 mg·kg~(-1),中位数为175.97 mg·kg~(-1),Zn的平均含量约为707.45 mg·kg~(-1),中位数为726.75 mg·kg~(-1);比较了松江、崇明、金山、奉贤地区4种畜禽粪便中重金属含量水平,Cu、Zn、As、Pb在不同地区的畜禽粪便中含量呈现明显差异;不同养殖阶段猪粪中重金属含量存在差异,保育阶段Cu、Zn含量最高,平均含量分别约为1 111.81和13 105.23 mg·kg~(-1)。提示:应在源头上加强对饲料原料质量管理及饲料添加剂使用等环节的控制,并在末端加强环保处理水平,推动上海养殖业的持续绿色健康发展。 相似文献
2.
旨在研究因畜牧业集约化不断提高导致畜禽粪便急剧增加而造成的环境污染程度。试验采用分光光度法、电感耦合等离子体法、串联质谱法等,测定了北京地区规模化养殖场猪粪(n=9)、鸡粪(n=12)、牛粪(n=30)中养分、重金属以及抗生素的含量,为畜禽粪便的农田利用提供数据支撑。结果表明：畜禽粪便中养分含量分布差异较大,表现为鸡粪中全氮和全钾含量最高,而猪粪中全磷和有机质含量最高,查阅相关研究发现,北京市规模化养殖场的猪粪、鸡粪和牛粪中全氮、全磷、全钾和有机质的含量变化较小。重金属含量整体呈现出锌(Zn)>铬(Cr)>铜(Cu)>铅(Pb)>砷(As)>汞(Hg)的趋势,其中猪粪Zn、Cu平均含量为327.44 mg/kg和49.23 mg/kg,显著高于鸡粪和牛粪;牛粪中Pb、Cr平均含量为9.82 mg/kg和107.96 mg/kg,显著高于猪粪和鸡粪;鸡粪中As平均含量最高,为18.06 mg/kg。与《农用污泥污染物控制标准》(GB 4284—2018)最低限度要求相比,牛粪、猪粪、鸡粪中分别有Cr、As、As超标的问题。所有样品中未检测到磺胺类抗生素,但四... 相似文献
3.
规模化猪场育肥猪饲料、猪肉及粪便中重金属含量调查 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对江苏省2个育肥猪场(A场和B场)的饲料、猪肉及粪样进行抽样调查,分析其中的重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd及Cr的含量。结果表明,2个规模化猪场的饲料、猪肉及粪便中重金属含量差异较大,参照我国生长肥育猪(60 kg以上)配合饲料(农业部1224公告)和德国腐熟堆肥中重金属限量标准,2个猪场育肥猪饲料中Cu、Zn含量分别超标191.7%、10.6%和41.4%、51.3%;猪粪中Cu、Zn含量分别超标310.69%、57.32%和85.94%、122.97%,B场猪粪Cd含量超标33.33%,饲料和猪粪中未发现Pb、Cr的超标现象,猪肉中重金属含量均未超标。结果提示饲料是畜禽粪便重金属污染的源头。 相似文献
4.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2020,(6)
为了研究烟台市畜禽粪便的养分含量及其植物毒性,试验通过pH值、电导率、有机物、全氮、全磷、全钾、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、汞(Hg)、铬(Cr)、锌(Zn)、镍(Hi)和铜(Cu)含量指标分析牛粪(水)、鸡粪、猪粪(水)的养分含量,采用生物测定法利用菠菜、胡萝卜、卷心菜、萝卜四种植物种子从其活力指数(VI)、相对根伸长率(RRE)、相对种子发芽率(RSG)和发芽指数(GI)4个方面评价畜禽粪便的植物毒性。结果表明:烟台地区牛、鸡、猪粪便的全氮、全磷、全钾含量差异显著(P0.05),鸡粪的全氮、全磷、全钾含量显著高于猪粪(P0.05);粪水中有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾均低于2%;重金属含量均未超过限量指标要求;5种畜禽粪便的pH值均在安全范围内;固体粪便中有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾高于粪水,而粪水中重金属砷、汞、铬、锌和铜含量高于对应的固体粪便。除猪粪水和鸡粪外,牛粪、猪粪、牛粪水对植物种子无明显毒性作用;萝卜种子在五种粪便作用下的GI值较大,说明受到毒性作用较小;卷心菜种子对粪便毒性的敏感性高于其他三种植物种子。 相似文献
5.
不同浓度猪粪水对两种植物重金属富集及迁移效应的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
畜禽粪便是农田有机肥料主要来源之一,由于畜禽粪便中重金属超标与不合理施用,造成土壤重金属污染。该研究旨在探究不同浓度猪粪便废水处理对2种禾本科植物的生物量、土壤pH、电导率、土壤重金属含量以及植物对重金属富集与转移能力的影响。结果表明:随着猪粪便废水浓度增加,土壤pH和电导率随之升高(P0.05);猪粪的施入抑制2种植物对Cd有效态的吸收;臭草在A3处理时对Cr、Cu的富集能力最强, Cr含量为28.24 mg·kg~(-1)(地上部)和107.3 mg·kg~(-1)(地下部),Cu的含量为6.23 mg·kg~(-1)(地上部)和16.99 mg·kg~(-1)(地下部);虎尾草在A2处理时最强,Cr含量为20.24 mg·kg~(-1)(地上部)和90.71 mg·kg~(-1)(地下部),Cu的含量为2.55 mg·kg~(-1)(地上部)和9.26 mg·kg~(-1)(地下部);臭草和虎尾草对重金属的最大迁移总量分别为Cd 0.45 mg和0.83 mg,Cr 141.2 mg和346.13 mg,Cu 30.15 mg和47.2 mg。研究表明,2种植物对重金属Cr和Cu的富集能力较强,但不利于Cd的富集,地下部重金属富集系数大于地上部,地下部对Cr的富集系数大于1(除虎尾草CK),但转移系数都小于1。该研究结果为畜禽粪便的无害化处理提供参考。 相似文献
6.
规模化养猪场粪污重金属含量特征及其潜在污染风险 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为推进畜禽粪污的绿色、高效、循环利用,探讨其农用带来的潜在风险,采集了湖南省长沙地区各规模化养猪场的60个粪便样品、52个沼液样品和21个外排污水样品,并对其中重金属含量及超标情况进行了分析。结果显示:Cd、Pb、Cr、As、Hg、Cu、Zn、Fe和Mn在粪便中的检出率为100%,其中Cd、Pb、Cr、As和Hg未超标,而Cu、Zn含量较高,且其点位超标率近50%;猪粪的农田重金属年输入量以Fe、Zn、Mn和Cu较高,分别为24.4、9.34、5.21和3.06 kg·hm^-2;有毒重金属元素年输入量大小为Cr>Ni>Pb>As>Cd>Hg。10种所测元素在养殖废水(沼液和污水)中的含量变异度大,Cd、Pb、Cr、Hg和As点位超标率在2.70%~10.81%之间。研究结果可为畜禽粪污的安全利用提供支撑。 相似文献
7.
甘肃省庆阳市家畜粪污风险评价与资源利用技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解甘肃省庆阳市家畜粪污肥料的安全性,促进粪污资源的健康化、合理化、精细化利用,实现科学种养结合模式,采集该市猪场、牛场、羊场的家畜粪便,经塑料大棚堆积发酵熟化后,测定粪便肥料的主要卫生学指标和重金属含量。结果表明：测定的2项卫生学指标,包括粪中蛔虫卵死亡率和粪大肠菌群数,均符合《有机肥标准 NY 525—2012》的要求。猪粪肥料中含有的重金属元素以锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）为主,其中,Zn含量为4 125.00 mg/kg,Cu含量为342.00 mg/kg;对照国家推荐标准《畜禽粪便还田技术规范 GB/T 25246—2010》中的重金属限制值,猪粪肥料中Zn含量超出最大限制值（3 400 mg/kg）21.32%,且Cu含量较高,超出部分作物限制要求。牛粪肥料铬（Cr）含量较高,为217.30 mg/kg,超出相关标准（150.00 mg/kg）44.87%。羊粪肥料重金属含量均未超标。为避免粪污重金属对环境的污染,建议粪污进行集中处理,将猪粪与牛粪或羊粪按比例混合堆积发酵生产有机肥,并根据作物需要科学施用。 相似文献
8.
为评估青海省部分地区猪饲料和粪便中重金属含量,对2013年采集的103份饲料样品和96份粪便样品进行了Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr含量的检测与分析。结果表明,饲料和粪便中Cd和Cr含量均无超标;3份育肥猪饲料Pb超标,最大超标倍数为1.02倍;Cu、Zn超标率均达100%,饲料中Cu、Zn的最大超标倍数分别为6.01和4.94倍,粪便中Cu、Zn的最大超标倍数分别为7.20和17.86倍;粪与饲料中的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr含量呈显著正相关或极显著正相关,提示饲料可能是粪便重金属污染的源头。 相似文献
9.
旨在研究绵羊不同生理阶段粪便中铜(Cu)和锌(Zn)两种重金属的残留量。选择河北省5市标准化羊场(共18个场),采集不同生理阶段绵羊的新鲜粪便样品(共46份),利用原子吸收光谱法测定两种重金属含量。结果表明,不同生理阶段羊粪便中重金属含量存在一定的差异。从Zn含量看,虽然不同生理阶段绵羊粪Zn含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但成年羊(成年公羊和基础母羊)粪Zn含量最高,平均68.32 mg/kg,其他羊群粪Zn含量分别达63.26 mg/kg(哺乳羔羊)、62.17 mg/kg(育肥羊)和60.98 mg/kg(育成羊);从Cu含量分析,育成羊粪Cu含量最高,约41.88 mg/kg,但与其他阶段羊比较,差异未达显著性水平(P>0.05)。育肥羊、羔羊和成年羊粪Cu含量分别为39.36、38.51和37.17 mg/kg。从两种重金属相关性分析,绵羊粪Cu和Zn含量之间表现出极显著的线性负相关关系(P<0.01,r=-0.84),回归方程为：y=-1.0069x+100.62。虽然本研究中各生理阶段绵羊粪Zn和Cu含量均未超标,但随粪便排出重金属的环境风险仍需要引起足... 相似文献
10.
蚯蚓对不同粪料利用情况的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于动物粪便的酸性特点和营养物质含量不同,蚯蚓在多种畜禽粪便中的生长表现也各不相同。利用日本爱胜赤子蚯蚓,对牛、猪、鸡等多种畜禽粪便进行单一粪料与按不同比例混合粪料利用情况的比较,结果显示：蚯蚓在单一的牛粪或猪粪中能较好地生长,但在鸡粪中生长较差;在混合粪料中,蚯蚓在不合鸡粪的粪料中生长最佳,在含有鸡粪的混合粪料中,牛粪比例的增加,可提高蚯蚓的生长指标。 相似文献
11.
Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1986,27(9):324-328
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).
Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献12.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1989,30(6):504-508
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
13.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1985,26(10):323-327
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.
Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.
相似文献14.
15.
Slocombe JO Villeneuve A 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1993,34(10):630-633
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
16.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.
Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.
相似文献17.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1988,29(8):641-646
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
18.
Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1987,28(8):491-495
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).
Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献19.
20.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1984,25(9):347-350
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.
Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.
相似文献