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1.
《中国糖料》2017,(3)
针对来源于德国的18份甜菜品种和来源于瑞士的2份甜菜品种进行遗传图谱的构建和聚类分析。以5份甜菜种质资源为材料,对引物UBC801~UBC900等100个引物进行筛选,筛选出多态性好的ISSR引物7个。利用7个ISSR引物扩增适宜新疆种植的20份甜菜种质资源,共获得39个等位变异,每对引物检测到的等位变异数的变幅为3~8个,平均等位变异数5.6个。其中多态性条带为30条,7对ISSR引物的多态信息含量(PIC)的变化范围为0.6273~0.8360,平均为0.7650,20份参试品种遗传相似系数的变异范围为0.4615~0.9231,平均为0.6923。供试20份甜菜品种遗传多样性丰富。ISSR分子标记技术可以有效地用于甜菜品种资源评价和指纹图谱构建。 相似文献
2.
部分美国及我国小麦品种的遗传多样性分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了比较美国及我国小麦品种的遗传多样性,选用55对SSR引物对引自美国的67份小麦品种及我国黄淮麦区推广面积较大的17个品种进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明,67份美国小麦品种共检测到443个等位变异,单个引物位点的等位变异为2～24个,平均每个位点8.10个,各位点多态性信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.11～0.92,平均为0.59;黄淮麦区小麦品种共检测到266个等位变异,单个引物位点的等位变异为2～9个,平均每个位点4.82个,PIC变幅为0.10～0.84,平均为0.55。67个美国小麦品种A、B、D三个基因组的平均等位变异与平均PIC值大小分别为:B(8.60)>D(7.88)>A(7.63)和B(0.62)>A(0.58)>D(0.56);黄淮麦区17个小麦品种三个基因组的平均等位变异与平均PIC值大小分别为:B(5.30)>A(5.10)>D(3.94)和B(0.58)>A(0.57)>D(0.48)。聚类分析结果表明,55对SSR引物能将84份材料区分开来,并分为六大类,15个国内小麦品种被聚为一类,中国春自成一类,其余材料被聚为四类。由此可知,美国小麦品种的遗传多样性较高,与黄淮麦区小麦品种的遗传差异较大。 相似文献
3.
为了从分子水平探讨黑龙江省春小麦种质资源的遗传多样性,对黑龙江省34份不同年代主栽春小麦品种进行SSR标记分析,计算遗传相似系数(GS)和位点多态性信息含量(PIC),并利用SSR标记的数据结果对供试品种进行聚类分析.14对SSR引物共扩增出73个等位变异,平均每对引物扩增出5.2个等位变异.遗传相似系数的变化范围为0.32～0.88,总体平均值为0.64.位点多态性信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.16～0.87,平均0.56.聚类分析表明,SSR标记将34个品种相互区分开并分为五大类,分类结果与品种系谱比较吻合.据此认为,SSR标记揭示出黑龙江省主栽小麦品种具有较高的遗传多样性. 相似文献
4.
小麦育种亲本材料遗传多样性的SSR分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确目前中国小麦育种亲本材料间的遗传关系,为育种工作提供有益信息,利用74对SSR引物对103份小麦主要亲本材料进行了遗传多样性分析,共检测出298个等位位点,每对引物等位位点数在2～14之间,平均为4.03个.位点多态信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.020～0.899,平均为0.429.品种(系)间遗传相似系数(GS)变幅为0.369～0.948,平均值为0.636.74对SSR标记能将103份小麦品种(系)分为五大类.聚类分析结果与品种系谱来源及地域比较吻合. 相似文献
5.
SSR荧光标记毛细管电泳法与国家冬油菜区试指纹鉴定平台的构建 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了提高油菜品种指纹检测的精确性及未来构建大规模油菜新品种指纹数据库的需求,应用SSR荧光标记毛细管电泳检测法构建国家冬油菜区试指纹鉴定平台。以40对荧光引物对2012-2013年度163份国家冬油菜区试参试品种（系）进行分析。结果共检测到42个等位位点和131个等位变异。其中A基因组（n1～n10）检测位点25个,C基因组(n11～n19)检测位点17个。每个位点等位变异数从2到6不等,平均为3.02。42个检测位点的PIC值变化范围在0.10～0.69之间,平均值为0.36。其中引物BRGMS171的杂合度、PIC值分别高达0.67、0.70,可考虑作为以后区试杂交种纯度鉴定的核心标记。SSR位点的纯合度分析得出本年度18份常规种平均纯合度为81.9%,145份杂交种为57.9%。以131个等位变异计算品种（系）间DICE相似系数,163份品种（系）间平均遗传相似系数变幅为0.607～0.765,变幅最大的为品种（系）FC03（0.438～0.879）,变幅最小为品种（系）宜油21（0.611～0.806）。 相似文献
6.
为明确中国优质小麦品种(系)间的遗传关系,利用21对SSR引物对75份优质小麦品种(系)进行了遗传多样性分析.结果表明,21对引物共检测到135个等位位点,每对引物等位位点数在2～13之间,平均为6.4个.位点多态性信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.49～0.90,平均为0.76.品种间遗传相似系数(GS)变幅为0.46～0.96,平均为0.66.SSR标记能将75份优质小麦品种(系)分成五大类.聚类分析结果与品种系谱来源及地域比较吻合. 相似文献
7.
我国黄淮冬麦区小麦品种与美国冬小麦品种的遗传多样性比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为给高效运用美国小麦品种资源提供参考依据,采用68对SSR引物对引自美国的44份冬小麦品种和我国黄淮麦区的44份冬小麦品种进行了遗传多样性的比较分析。结果显示,在美国品种中共检出522个等位位点,平均每对引物检测到7.676个等位变异;各位点多态性信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.150~0.937,平均为0.625;品种间的平均遗传距离为0.33。在我国黄淮麦区小麦品种中共检测出313个等位位点,平均每对引物检测出4.603个等位变异;各位点PIC值变幅为0.094~0.877,平均为0.564;品种间的平均遗传距离为0.21。表明美国冬小麦品种的遗传多样性大于我国黄淮地区冬小麦品种。美国小麦品种A、B、D基因组的平均PIC值的大小顺序为B(0.683)D(0.678)A(0.541),黄淮麦区小麦A、B、D基因组的平均PIC值的大小顺序也为B(0.630)D(0.546)A(0.525),美国品种与黄淮麦区品种B基因组的遗传多样性均显著高于A基因组和D基因组。聚类分析发现,在相似系数0.72处可将88个小麦品种聚为8类,且70%以上品种的聚类结果与地域来源吻合,表明SSR分析结果能很好地将国外品种与国内品种区分开来。 相似文献
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《中国油料作物学报》2016,(5)
根据SSR引物在遗传连锁图上的位置,首先选择200对均匀分布在染色体上,且通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳银染技术筛选表现为条带清晰、可重复的单位点引物,再利用毛细管电泳技术筛选等位变异数≥4个、引物的PIC值≥0.4、杂合度≤0.1的引物,并参考其所在染色体位置,获得60对具有丰富的多态性、广泛的代表性、均匀分布的SSR引物,同时普通引物和荧光引物都具有较好的扩增效果,作为花生品种构建指纹图谱的核心引物。60对SSR引物在100份材料中共扩增出352个多态性等位位点,引物扩增的等位位点均值为5.87;每对引物可区分的基因型数目均值是6.35;引物的多态性信息指数(PIC值)均值是0.54。高多态性的SSR引物占66.67%,SSR引物杂合度都在0.06以下。品种间的遗传相似系数变幅为0.530~0.683。构建了100份花生的指纹图谱,每一条指纹都具有唯一性,可标识一个品种,为全国花生品种及资源的DNA指纹数据库的构建奠定基础。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献