共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
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为有效利用香蕉茎秆资源,提高厌氧消化效率,采用蒸汽爆破法对香蕉茎秆固体剩余物进行预处理,探讨不同预处理条件对香蕉茎秆厌氧消化产气性能的影响。试验结果表明：当汽爆压力为3.0 MPa时,30 d累积产气量、甲烷产量达最高,为4 130、2 350 mL,分别比对照组(累积产气量3 040 mL,甲烷量1 371 mL)提高35.8%和71.4%;单位干物质产气量达413 mL/g TS,单位干物质产甲烷量235 mL/g TS;蒸汽爆破预处理可有效提高香蕉茎秆产气潜力。 相似文献
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分析测试香蕉茎秆总固体含量(TS)和挥发性固体含量(VS)及香蕉茎秆固体剩余物中纤维素、半纤维素、木质素含量;采用蒸汽爆破法对香蕉茎秆进行预处理,探讨不同压力及维压时间下对香蕉茎秆中半纤维素、纤维素、木质素组分的降解程度,分析蒸汽爆破预处理优缺点。试验结果表明,经过蒸汽爆破预处理后,香蕉茎秆的组分被不同程度破坏,当压力为3.5 MPa,维压时间为4 min时,香蕉茎秆中半纤维素含量由预处理前13.33%降至4.36%,降解率高达67.29%,纤维素含量由48.33%降至39.15%,降解率为18.99%,木质素含量由14.62%降至6.52%,降解率为55.40%,总体含量由76.28%降至50.03%,降解率为34.41%。说明蒸汽爆破技术对香蕉茎秆固体剩余物的预处理效果比较显著,有一定的优越性。 相似文献
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研究了碱润涨预处理和微波强化碱润涨预处理对豆渣膳食纤维化学结构,物理特性以及对豆渣纤维素酯化反应的影响。结果表明,与碱润涨预处理相比,微波强化碱润涨预处理对豆渣膳食纤维的活化效果更好,二者均没有改变豆渣纤维素的化学组分。在相同的反应条件下,没有经过预处理、碱预处理和微波强化碱润涨预处理豆渣纤维素酯的取代度分别为0.0445、0.0558和0.0681,即经过预处理后豆渣纤维素的反应可及度增大,酯化效率由57.57%提高到了88.10%,且随微波辐照时间的延长,豆渣纤维素酯的取代度增加。经过酯化改性后,豆渣纤维素酯具有较强的油污去除力,且随着酯化取代度的增加,去污力呈增加的趋势,可以应用在洗涤用品中。 相似文献
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应用体外产气法研究3种农业废弃物对黑山羊的饲用价值 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了测定甘蔗尾叶、香蕉茎秆、菠萝叶3种热带农业废弃物对海南黑山羊的饲用价值,采用体外产气法测定3种热带农业废弃物的体外干物质消化率和产气量,并测定其营养成分和单宁含量.结果表明:甘蔗尾叶、香蕉茎秆、菠萝叶的体外于物质消化率(IVDMD)依次为49.68％、61.86％和79.56％,饲料相对值(RFV)依次为62.65％、77.23％和139.81％.总产气量(GP)、IVDMD与粗蛋白质(CP)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)均呈负相关,RFV与CP和总能量(GE)呈不显著正相关,而与ADF和NDF呈显著负相关(p＜0.05).综上所述,甘蔗尾叶、香蕉茎秆、菠萝叶对于海南黑山羊均具有一定的饲用价值,可作为黑山羊的粗饲料;在3种废弃物中,菠萝叶的饲用价值最高. 相似文献
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不同氮含量的狼尾草属牧草沼气发酵产气效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
狼尾草属牧草是一种优质高产的牧草,研究和筛选其作为沼气发酵原料对缓解今后能源紧缺具有重要作用。采用不同氮含量的狼尾草属牧草开展制取沼气效果研究。结果表明∶牧草可以代替稻草作为C源进行厌氧发酵制取沼气,5个沼气发酵处理对沼气产气量的影响差异均不显著,总产气量最高的是'闽牧6号'狼尾草组,达110553.3mL,比杂交狼尾草组和红象草组分别提高15.2%和1.1%,总产气量最低的是猪粪组,达93 4600mL,其中CH.含量约为32.4%-44.3%。从绝对值来说,杂交狼尾草组、红象草组和'闽牧6号'狼尾草组比猪粪组分别提高2.7%、17.1%和18.3%,比稻草组分别提高-7.9%、5.1%和6.2%,其中以牧草为原料的3 个处理,在发酵原料量相同情况下,其N含量越高总产气量反而越低。 相似文献
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华南7号木薯茎叶营养价值评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究华南7号木薯生长期间6~11月份茎、叶营养成分动态变化及营养价值评价。结果表明,华南7号木薯叶粗蛋白含量为21.16%~31.80%,粗脂肪含量为4.17%~8.28%;茎秆中性洗涤纤维含量为24.67%~39.67%,酸性洗涤纤维含量为23.47%~29.74%。木薯叶片、茎秆鲜样、烘干样6月份生长初期氢氰酸含量最高,随着生长月份的增加,呈现下降的趋势。木薯茎叶的体外干物质消化率为77.74%。结果说明,华南7号木薯茎叶含有较高营养成分,具有较高的体外产气量和干物质消化率。 相似文献
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Danay Carrillo Nieves Keikhosro Karimi Ilona Sárvári Horváth 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,34(1):1097-1101
Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), a waste lignocellulosic material, which is the main byproduct of vegetable oil production industries in Indonesia and Malaysia, was utilized as a source for biogas production. Pretreatments using NaOH as well as phosphoric acid were investigated to improve the biogas production. Clear positive effects of the pretreatments on the yield of methane were observed. The best improvement was achieved when 8% NaOH for 60 min was used for the pretreatment, which resulted in 100% improvement in the yield of methane production. In addition, treatment with phosphoric acid resulted in 40% improvement in the methane yield compared with that of the untreated material. The results showed that the carbohydrate content of OPEFB could be efficiently converted to methane under the anaerobic digestion process. 97% of the theoretical value of methane production was achieved after the pretreatment with NaOH for 60 min. Moreover, the initial rate of methane production was also increased by more than 85% after the treatment with NaOH compared with that of the untreated OPEFB. 相似文献
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Amir GoshadrouKeikhosro Karimi Mohammad J. Taherzadeh 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,34(1):1219-1225
The present work deals with production of ethanol from sweet sorghum bagasse by a zygomycetes fungus Mucor hiemalis. The bagasse was treated with phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide, with or without ultrasonication, prior to enzymatic hydrolysis by commercial cellulase and β-glucosidase enzymes. The phosphoric acid pretreatment was performed at 50 °C for 30 min, while the alkali treatment performed with 12% NaOH at 0 °C for 3 h. The pretreatments resulted in improving the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis to 79-92% of the theoretical yield. The best hydrolysis performance was obtained after pretreatment by NaOH assisted with ultrasonication. The fungus showed promising results in fermentation of the hydrolyzates. In the best case, the hydrolyzate of NaOH-ultrasound pretreated bagasse followed by 24 h fermentation resulted in about 81% of the corresponding theoretical ethanol yield. Furthermore, the highest volumetric ethanol productivity was observed in the hydrolyzates of NaOH pretreated bagasse, especially after ultrasonication in pretreatment stage. 相似文献
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Forage types and origin of manure in codigestion affect methane yield and microbial community structure 
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下载免费PDF全文 In farm‐scale biogas systems, different kinds of manure are the most important substrate for anaerobic digestion, but result in low biogas yields. Biogas production can be increased by complementing the manure with forage crops, in codigestion. The aim of this study was to evaluate grass‐clover (GCS) and whole‐crop barley silages (WCB) in codigestion with manure from organic and conventional dairy production systems on biogas production, microbial community, degree of degradation and gas quality at different organic loading rates by addition of soya bean meal and wheat grain, which are rich in protein and starch. Four continuous stirred anaerobic laboratory‐scale reactors were used, and the codigestion resulted in additive effects on biogas production, but no synergistic effects. The highest biogas yield was obtained in reactors receiving WCB independently of manure types, for both experiments (7,416 ml/day and 10,978 ml/day respectively). The degradation efficiency, measured as the reduction in volatile solids was, on average, six percentage units higher in the reactors receiving manure from conventional compared with organic dairy cows, probably because of a higher concentration of undigested fibre and proteins in conventional cow manure. Microbiological analysis by illumina sequencing illustrated low impact of both manure types on the reactor community and only small differences between the reactors receiving GCS and WCB. However, addition of soya bean meal and wheat grain changed the community in all reactors. The ratio between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes was comparably higher in reactors having the highest gas production and methane yield. 相似文献
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大规模开展香蕉类胡萝卜素种质资源评价,发掘高类胡萝卜素的品种资源,提高主栽品种中类胡萝卜素的含量,对于提升香蕉产业竞争力具有重要的作用。开展此项研究需要建立高效的香蕉果肉类胡萝卜素提取和测定体系。本文拟建立基于超高效液相色谱仪（Agilent 1290）,适用于香蕉果肉的类胡萝卜素提取及测定的方法。利用YMC-C30色谱柱,在450 nm检测波长和柱温20℃条件下,比较了不同的料液比（g:mL,1:6、1:9、1:12、1:15）、定容溶液的比例（V:V,MTBE:甲醇=1:0、1:1、1:2）、流动相（V:V,甲醇:乙腈=4:0、3:1、2:2、1:3、0:4）、流速（0.6、0.8、1.2 mL/min）等对类胡萝卜素组分鉴定和含量测定的影响。结果表明,当提取试剂正己烷:丙酮:无水乙醇=2:1:1（V:V:V）,果肉与提取试剂的料液比为1:9,超声波破碎30 min,重复3次,定容溶液MTBE:甲醇=1:1时,香蕉类胡萝卜素组分分离的效果最好。当色谱条件A相以甲醇:乙腈,B相以MTBE（100%）为流动相,进样量为10 μL,流速为1 mL/min进行梯度洗脱时,可以很好的鉴定并分离类胡萝卜素的主要组分。利用优化后的体系进行检测不同类胡萝卜素含量的香蕉品种,发现香蕉果肉中的主要类胡萝卜素组分为叶黄素、α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素。高类胡萝卜素含量的‘French somber’香蕉品种约含9.79 μg/g,而低含量的‘中蕉8号’香蕉品种只有约0.201 μg/g,这也表明不同香蕉品种中类胡萝卜素的含量差异相对较大。本文中以香蕉果肉为材料所建立的类胡萝卜素提取与检测方法,操作简单,精确度高,为科研工作者在香蕉类胡萝卜素的功能研究方面提供参考。 相似文献
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G.J.M. Rocha A.R. GonçalvesB.R. Oliveira E.G. OlivaresC.E.V. Rossell 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,35(1):274-279
This work was focused on the steam explosion pretreatment reproduction and alkaline delignification reactions on a pilot scale for the ethanol production, through different varieties of natural sugarcane bagasse, pretreated bagasse and delignified pretreated bagasse (cellulosic pulp). The possible chemical composition differences of the various types of bagasse, as well as the chemical composition variations of the materials in the 20 processes of pretreatment and delignification on the pilot scale were verified. The analytical results of the 20 samples of most diverse varieties and origins of natural sugarcane bagasse considering planting soils, planting periods and weather; show no significant chemical differences. It is evident that only with the chemical composition it is not possible to verify the differences between the varieties of sugarcane bagasses. The research results may offer some evidences of these varieties, but it is not a reliable parameter. The pilot process of steam explosion pretreatment and the alkaline delignification process of pretreated material showed through analytical results a good capacity of reproduction, as the standard differences were below 2.7. The average allowed in the pretreatment and alkaline delignification processes were 66.1 ± 0.8 and 51.5 ± 2.6 respectively, ensuring an excellent reproduction capacity of the processes obtained through chemical characterizations. 相似文献
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蚯蚓处理香蕉茎叶二因素配方筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以切碎状香蕉茎叶与牛粪按不同比例混合养殖蚯蚓，探索用蚯蚓处理香蕉茎叶，将香蕉茎叶转化为有机肥料并能最大量获得蚯蚓作为高蛋白动物饲料的二因素处理配方。结果表明：添加80%香蕉茎叶的处理产出蚯蚓数量最多，所产有机肥料含氮最高；添加90%香蕉茎叶的处理虽然产出蚯蚓数量略少，但蚯蚓的重量和80%处理所得蚯蚓重量差异不显著，而且能处理掉更大数量的香蕉茎叶，同时所产有机肥料含有机质更高。 相似文献
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不同供氮水平下加硅对香蕉生长与氮营养的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用砂培方法,探讨在正常供氮(200mg/L)和高供氮条件下(400mg/L)加硅对3个香蕉品种生长与氮营养的影响。结果表明:正常供氮和高供氮条件下加硅显著影响3个香蕉品种的生物量、根系活力、硝态氮含量、全氮与硅含量,显著影响氮、硅在根系与地上部分的分配比例,不同品种香蕉响应特征不同,香蕉硅氮代谢相互影响。加硅对宝岛蕉和威廉斯蕉地上部分生物量或根系生物量在2个供氮水平间的变化规律影响不显著,加硅降低或提高这种变化程度。巴西蕉在正常供氮条件下、宝岛蕉和威廉斯蕉在高供氮条件下,加硅提高根系活力,分别较对照提高46.0%、38.4%和1.86倍;加硅降低巴西蕉根系氮与叶片氮含量比例,宝岛蕉、威廉斯蕉在正常供氮条件下加硅提高根系中氮/假茎氮含量比例;加硅显著提高香蕉叶片硅含量,较对照提高17.6%～102.3%;加硅对根系和假茎硅含量影响分别与供氮水平与香蕉品种有关;高氮不加硅条件下,根系中硅含量与氮含量呈显著正相关。 相似文献