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1.
披碱草种子的气流冲击式转筒干燥试验 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为研究气流冲击式转筒干燥结构参数（喷管直径、喷嘴高度与喷管倾角）与工艺参数（风温、风速与转筒转速）变化对牧草种子干燥速率与发芽率的影响,该文将气流冲击式转筒干燥技术应用于披碱草种子干燥,并通过Design-Expert 7.0软件对试验进行优化设计,建立了试验条件范围内平均干燥速率的预测模型。试验结果表明：气流冲击式转筒干燥技术可较好的应用于披碱草种子的干燥,干燥后的披碱草种子达到了国家一级种子标准;在试验条件范围内,风温、风速、风温和分支喷管倾角交互作用、风速和转筒转速交互作用对平均干燥速率的影响显著,影响大小依次为：风温＞风速＞风速和转筒转速交互作用＞风温和分支喷管倾角交互作用;各因素及其交互作用对发芽率的影响不显著。该研究为气流冲击式转筒干燥技术应用于种子的干燥提供了技术依据。 相似文献
2.
一氧化氮对NaCl胁迫下苜蓿种子萌发的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以甘农4号、阿尔冈金2个品种苜蓿为材料,用一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠、NO 清除剂c-PTIO、一氧化氮合酶抑制剂N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲脂、硝酸还原酶抑制剂钨酸钾及硝普钠类似物亚铁氰化钠(不产生NO)处理苜蓿种子,研究NO对盐胁迫下苜蓿种子萌发的生理效应。结果表明,盐胁迫显著抑制了2个苜蓿品种的发芽率、胚芽和胚根长及幼苗干重(P<0.05),降低种子萌发过程中α、β-淀粉酶、蛋白水解酶活性,抑制淀粉水解和可溶性糖积累(P<0.05);盐胁迫下添加外源NO则使2个品种苜蓿α、β-淀粉酶、蛋白水解酶活性、种子发芽率显著提高(P<0.05),淀粉含量降低,可溶性糖含量升高、胚芽和胚根长及幼苗干重显著增加(P<0.05);NO 供体SNP 的类似物亚铁氰化钠对盐胁迫下苜蓿种子萌发的各项指标无明显影响;施用NO 清除剂c-PTIO、硝酸还原酶抑制剂钨酸钾和一氧化氮合酶抑制剂N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲脂具有降低苜蓿种子萌发的效应(P<0.05)。因此,盐胁迫抑制苜蓿种子的萌发,而添加外源NO是缓解这种抑制作用的有效途径,内源NO也可能参与盐胁迫下苜蓿种子萌发的调节,且通过NOS和NR途径产生的NO在缓解盐胁迫抑制苜蓿种子萌发中可能起关键作用。 相似文献
3.
4.
不同苜蓿品种种子发芽对盐胁迫的响应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]针对内蒙古西部地区草地土壤盐碱化,选择盐碱土壤的主要成分NaCl和Na_2SO_4配成混合盐溶液进行室内发芽试验,筛选适合当地种植的耐盐苜蓿品种,为内蒙古西部盐碱草场的苜蓿种植提供理论依据。[方法]将NaCl和Na_2SO_4按摩尔浓度1∶1,用蒸馏水配成含盐量0.0%,0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%,1.0%,1.2%,1.4%,1.6%,1.8%,2.0%共11个梯度盐溶液,对25个苜蓿品种进行发芽试验,测定种子发芽率、相对发芽指数、种子相对简易活力指数,进行耐盐类型的划分。[结果]轻度盐分胁迫(0.2%和0.4%盐浓度)促进了苜蓿种子发芽,提高了种子的发芽率、相对发芽指数、种子相对简易活力指数;不同苜蓿品种间种子发芽的适宜盐浓度、半致死浓度、极限浓度差异较大。多数苜蓿品种的种子发芽适宜盐浓度是0.0%~0.6%,半致死盐浓度为0.8%,中草3号高达1.4%;极限盐浓度在1.0%~2.0%。[结论]综合聚类分析和种子发芽指标的表现得出,中草3号、新苜2号品种表现出较强的耐盐性,属于耐盐品种,magnumV-wet、赤草1号耐盐性较差,属盐敏感品种 相似文献
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采用培养眦室内培养方法,研究了4种多年生根茎型耐旱植物俄罗斯新麦草（Elymus junceus Fisch）、苇状羊茅（Festucaarundinacea Schreb）、羊草（Leymus chinensis Trin．Trzvel．）和高冰革（Agropygron elongatum Host Nevski）种子对不同浓度（0、25、50、75和100mmol·L^-1）Na2CO3胁迫及胁迫解除后种子发芽率和幼苗生长的响应。结果表明,4种牧草发芽率均在没有Na2CO3胁迫时最高,且以苇状羊茅最高达到96．8％,羊草最低73．1％;随着胁迫浓度的增加发芽率呈下降趋势,高冰草在100mmol·L^-1Na2CO3下发芽率仍达到14．9％,而其他3种牧草在此浓度下没有观察到萌发的种子。4种牧草的发芽速率均与Na2CO3浓度呈显著负相关,相同Na2CO3浓度下,4种牧草中苇状羊茅最高,羊草最低。Na2CO3胁迫对根长的抑制明显高于苗长,且对不同物种影响不同;75mmol·L^-1Na2CO3胁迫下,除了高冰草根长为3．4cm之外,其他3个物种根的伸长几乎完全被抑制。解除胁迫后,羊草种子发芽恢复最快,且发芽率与原Na：CO,浓度成正比;高冰草、俄罗斯新麦草和苇状羊茅几乎均为0。上述结果说明,4种牧草中,种子萌发期以高冰革耐Na2CO3能力最强,其次是俄罗斯新麦草和苇状羊茅,羊草种子最差;但当胁迫解除后,羊草种子具有较高的萌发恢复率,这也是其适应盐碱环境的一个重要原因. 相似文献
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气体射流冲击干燥含水率在线监控系统设计 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
针对气体射流冲击干燥过程中自动称量受风速、设备运行振动、干燥温度等因素影响的问题,设计了新型干燥设备监控系统,实现了干燥过程中物料质量及含水率的自动获取、即时查看及数据显示和存储。系统通过"停机-稳定-称量-启动"自动称量流程及分温度段分载荷区间线性化校准等方案,有效保证了自动称量精度,通过将从机控制器的运行状态纳入到系统运行逻辑判断中,保证了系统长期运行的可靠性和安全性。系统称量量程0~2 000 g,最小分度值1 g。试验表明:自动称量系统相对误差小于0.7%,含水率(湿基)分析误差在±0.9%范围内,满足了干燥过程中在线物料质量及含水率监测需要。该系统为多种物料的干燥进程判断及产品质量保证提供了自动化监控平台。 相似文献
7.
自然干燥甜高粱茎秆长期贮藏及乙醇发酵研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了延长甜高粱乙醇生产原料供应时间,将甜高梁茎秆自然干燥后用于长期贮藏.分别考察干燥和长期贮藏过程糖分变化,结果显示,自然干燥过程中,茎秆的含水率(干基)由80％降低至18％时,总糖损失率为3.85％;不同含水率的茎秆经6个月长期贮藏,含水率为22％以下茎秆中的总糖和还原糖基本保持不变.表明自然干燥过程使总糖损失较小,22％可作为甜高粱茎秆干燥贮藏的“安全含水率”.通过考察干燥的茎秆乙醇发酵的可行性,结果表明,固态发酵24 h即可达到终点,基质中的乙醇质量分数可以达67.06 mg/g(干基),发酵过程基本正常.通过该研究,表明自然干燥可作为甜高粱茎秆长期贮藏的一种较为有效的加工方式,可为解决甜高粱乙醇周年生产的原料供应问题提供一定技术参考. 相似文献
8.
西北干旱灌溉区种植春小麦和牧草对耕地盐渍化的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
[目的]研究西北干旱灌溉区种植春小麦和牧草对耕地盐渍化的影响差异,为该区防治土壤次生盐渍化工作提供科学依据。[方法]以小麦(Triticum aestivum)和混播牧草披碱草/苜蓿(Elymus dahuricus/Medicago sativa)及其下部土壤为研究对象,通过测定植被的盖度、高度、地上生物量及其下部土壤的水、盐含量等指标,来分析和比较种植春小麦和牧草对耕地盐渍化的影响,以及不同植被特征指标与土壤水、电导率间的定量关系。[结果]小麦和牧草的盖度、高度、地上生物量均随生长时间的延长呈显著升高趋势。小麦收获后,小麦地裸露类似于裸地,而牧草继续生长并保持覆盖耕地。当耕地被植被覆盖时,其地表的日照强度、表层土壤(0—5cm)的温度和盐含量均显著低于裸地,而地表的湿度和表层土壤的含水率正好相反,均显著高于裸地。相关分析显示,植被地上生物量与土壤含水率、植被盖度与土壤盐含量间相关性最强,土壤含水率与盐含量间呈显著负相关关系。进一步回归分析显示,植被地上生物量每提高1kg/m2,可使植被覆盖区的表层土壤含水率升高6%,盖度每提高1%,可使表层土壤的电导率降低2.2μS/cm。[结论]西北干旱灌溉区种植春小麦因生育期较短易引发土壤的次生盐渍化,而牧草覆盖耕地时间较长可预防耕地发生盐渍化危害。 相似文献
9.
基于深层干燥解析理论的粮食干燥自适应控制系统设计 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
粮食干燥系统存在多种不确定因素,传统的靠检测出机粮水分,控制排粮速度或进风条件的做法,很难实现干燥过程的实时控制,为了能根据不同的进粮水分,自动调整干燥机的工作状况,从而提高干燥的效率和品质,在粮食深层干燥解析理论和高湿粮食水分在线测量技术的基础上,研究开发了一套粮食干燥设备自适应控制系统,能够使设备在工作过程中,按照实时的进粮水分自动变更工作制度,确保实时的操作条件最优.通过生产应用验证,系统能够在10%～35%wb的含水率变化范围、-30℃～ 40℃温度变化范围可靠地工作,控制的干燥机出粮含水率偏差≤±0.5%wb.形成了适宜于产业化推广应用的粮食集中干燥自适应控制系统. 相似文献
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为探索适于洞庭湖区农村使用简易机械化育秧设备,对2ZPQ-800、2DBY-800型稻种破胸催芽器进行了早稻使用试验,结果表明功效高,成本低,适于推广。使用该装置可较农家常规育秧节约种子10～15％,提高发芽率10.7％,加工一批(800kg)可节约种子100kg左右。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
16.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
17.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
18.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
19.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
20.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献