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1.
不同类型抗虫棉品种基于RAPD的遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以97014、 BR-S-10和sGK321等14份不同类型的抗虫棉花品种(系)为基础,利用RAPD分子标记技术,对这些棉花品种(系)的遗传多样性进行了研究.结果表明,从210个随机引物中筛选出21个引物能在14份抗虫棉品种(系)间扩增出稳定性较好的多态性片段,筛选的21个引物在该品种(系)群体中共扩增了137个RAPD标记,其中多态性标记57个,占总标记数的42.2%,平均每条引物扩增6.52条带.利用Jaccard遗传相似系数计算了14份抗虫棉品种(系)的RAPD数据的距离矩阵,按UPGMA方法进行聚类,发现14个品种(系)间的遗传距离在0.0351～1.056之间.聚类分析表明,14个棉花品种可分为2大类4亚类,揭示了抗虫棉花品种种质资源的多样性,大多数品种的遗传基础比较狭窄. 相似文献
2.
利用SSR标记研究甘蓝型油菜自育杂交种(陕西省杂交油菜研究中心培育的品种及杂交组合)与其他主栽品种的遗传多样性和遗传关系,为种质创新、材料选择和育种设计提供参考。47对引物在62份样品中检测到50个多态性位点,23份自育杂交种及39份其他主栽品种的遗传多样性为中度丰富,自育杂交种等位变异数、基因型数、观察杂合度、期望杂合度及多态性信息含量等值相对较低;69%的杂交品种杂合率大于40%;发现其他主栽品种对自育杂交种有补充等位变异的位点10个、含重要高频率等位变异的位点14个。遗传相似系数(GS)分析表明自育杂交种内部总体为中高度相似性(0.7GS0.8),其他主栽品种内部及两组之间为中度相似性(0.6GS0.7)。主坐标分析和遗传分化系数显示两组间有明显遗传分化。系统聚类在GS值0.66处将全部样品主要分为两类,自育杂交种、黄淮区及长江中游区品种总数96%在第一类,第二类主要为长江上游区和下游区品种。自育杂交种的遗传多样性相对较低,其与黄淮区和长江中游区品种遗传关系较近,与大部分长江上游区和下游区品种遗传关系较远;可利用遗传关系远的品种创制材料,用前述补充等位变异进行分子标记辅助选择,以高效拓宽现有育种资源的遗传基础。 相似文献
3.
早籼稻浙106与近缘系的主要遗传鉴别方法研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对遗传背景较为接近的不同近缘系水稻品种的鉴别是水稻育种和种业部门常常遇到的问题,本文为了明确早籼稻浙106和近缘系浙205、浙206、浙207共4个品种(系)的主要遗传差异,利用形态标记鉴别技术和SSR分子标记鉴别技术对4个品种(系)的主要农艺性状、种子形态及基因组DNA进行性状考查。结果表明:4个材料具有各自所特有的外观形态标记,但只运用形态标记很难来鉴别浙106与近缘系,从选用的32对引物中筛选出13对在品种(系)间表现明显的多态性特征的引物,SSR分子标记结合形态标记用于浙106和近缘系间的品种鉴别较为合适。 相似文献
4.
《分子植物育种》2017,(1)
Rx是对马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)X病毒(PVX)有极端抗性的重要基因,Ry_(agd)和Ry_(chc)是分别对马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)有极端抗性的两个重要基因,R1、R2和R3b是对马铃薯晚疫病有垂直抗性的三个重要基因,H1是对马铃薯孢囊线虫有极端抗性的重要基因。利用7个与马铃薯抗性基因相连锁的分子标记(Rxsp,RYSC3,Ry186,R1,R2-800,R3b和N146)分别对云南农业大学薯类所收集引进的云南地方品种、省外引进品种(系)、国外引进品种(系)和省内栽培品种(系)进行了基于PCR的检测,目的是筛选多抗品种(系),同时为马铃薯分子标记聚合辅助育种提供参考。结果显示,32个地方品种中有22个不含任何标记,占其总品种(系)数的68.75%,其他10个所含标记较单一,最多的地方品种老家洋芋只同时含两个标记;48个省外品种(系)有中有17个不含任何标记,占其总品种(系)数的35.42%,其他31个所含标记比较丰富,品系L0527-4同时含四个标记;32个国外品种(系)中只有6个不含任何标记,仅占其总品种(系)数的18.75%,其他26个所含标记比较丰富,而且检测出了国内品种(系)中很少检测出的Ry186和N146标记;28个省内品种(系)中有6个不含任何标记,占其总品种(系)数的21.43%,其他品种(系)所含标记丰富,品种丽薯12号同时含四个标记。在育种中可以结合农艺性状评价将筛选出来含多个不同抗性标记的材料作为骨干亲本用于进行聚合育种,在F1代实生苗阶段进行分子标记检测,结合田间表现,创造出多抗材料。同时引入国外PVY抗性基因Ry_(chc)和孢囊线虫抗性基因H1,提高品种抗性。 相似文献
5.
20份甜高粱遗传多态性的RAPD和SSR分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用RAPD和SSR分子标记技术,旨在探讨来自不同地区的20份甜高粱杂交种和品种资源遗传多态性及亲缘关系.试验结果表明,筛选出31条RAPD引物在20份甜高粱的DNA中产生稳定清晰条带数为202条,其中多态性片段167条,多态率为82.67％,品种间的遗传相似系数(GS)为0.613～0.870,平均值为0.744;筛选出91对SSR引物在20份品种资源的DNA中扩增片段数为297条,其中多态性片段267条,多态率为89.90％,品种间的遗传相似系数(GS)为0.555 ～0.837,平均值为0.695;20份甜高粱的2种分子标记的单独聚类分析结果表现出一定差异,但2种趋势大致相近;结合RAPD和SSR这2种标记联合数据的品种聚类分析结果,更能全面客观地反映品种间的遗传多态性及亲缘关系. 相似文献
6.
《分子植物育种》2020,(14)
由于甘蓝型油菜品种数量的增多和品种间的遗传多样性水平较低,仅根据农艺性状对品种进行鉴别的难度逐渐增大。为准确快速地区分油菜品种,本研究从186个InDel标记中筛选出19个InDel标记,这19个In Del标记来自甘蓝型油菜的不同染色体上,并且每个InDel标记在品种(系)间均只有2种等位变异;通过对19个In Del标记在品种中的等位变异进行数字化赋值,构建了76份甘蓝型品种(系)和2份白菜型油菜品种的分子标记身份证。利用InDel标记构建甘蓝型油菜分子身份证的操作简便可行,并且品种(系)的标记信息数据更加简洁直观,有助于油菜品种资源的有效区分和利用,可以在油菜品种的纯合度鉴定、真实性鉴定和品种权益保护等方面提供帮助。 相似文献
7.
为明确四川近年来普通小麦的遗传差异情况,本研究采用微卫星分子标记(SSR)对四川省2005～2006年参加区试的66个小麦品系进行了遗传多样性研究,用18对扩增谱带稳定的SSR引物,共检测到106个等位位点,每对引物等位位点数为2～13个,平均5.89个.SSR引物的PIC介于0.22～0.91之间,平均多态性信息0.498.聚类分析表明,品种间遗传相似系数(GS)变异范围为0.390～0.834,平均值为0.608,品种间遗传相似性变幅较大,表明这次小麦区试品种(系)间存在着不同程度的遗传多样性差异.根据品种间遗传相似系数聚类,66份材料被聚成五类. 相似文献
8.
《分子植物育种》2021,(10)
为了快速区分万寿菊属品种(系),鉴定品种(系)的特异性和真实性,构建分子指纹图谱便显得尤为重要。本研究利用SSR标记对32个万寿菊属品种(系)进行遗传多样性分析及指纹图谱构建。结果表明,48对SSR引物组合中筛选出8对多态性较好的引物,利用这8对引物在32个万寿菊属品种(系)中共扩增出23条谱带,其中多态性谱带19条,多态性百分率为82.60%。万寿菊属品种(系)间遗传相似系数为0.46～0.95,UPGMA聚类分析表明,在相似系数0.46处可被分为2大类群。株高相近的万寿菊属品种(系)被优先聚为一类。利用8对SSR引物构建了32个万寿菊属品种(系)的DNA指纹图谱,为万寿菊属品种(系)的特异性和真实性鉴定提供了理论依据。 相似文献
9.
利用AFLP分子标记对46个水稻品种进行遗传多样性分析,继而研究分子标记遗传距离与按照NC设计获得的195个杂交组合的产量及特殊配合力的相关性,探讨预测杂种优势的可能性。结果表明:(1)通过UPGMA聚类分析(图3),可将供试材料分为16个类群,并把来源不明的品种(系)划分到相应类群中,从而对这些材料进行初步鉴定。可见,AFLP分子标记是检测类内品种间遗传差异的有效方法,为水稻品种(系)亲本选配提供理论依据。(2)分子标记遗传距离与杂种产量优势、F1产量、特殊配合力之间都呈显著正相关,相关系数介于0.3235-0.7713之间。但相关程度还不足以预测杂种优势。增效座位和减效座位以及使用与杂种优势有关的QTL连锁标记位点可能提高杂种优势的预测能力,但最终解决,将依赖于杂种优势遗传机理的研究。 相似文献
10.
以早籼稻浙106与近缘系浙205、浙206和浙207共4个品种(系)为研究对象,利用农艺性状为观测指标的形态标记鉴定技术和简单重复序列(SSR)分子标记鉴定技术对4个品种(系)的农艺性状和基因组DNA进行性状考查。结果表明:4个材料具有各自所特有的外观形态标记,但只运用农艺性状的观察很难来鉴定浙106与近缘系,选用的32对引物中有13对引物在品种(系)间表现明显的多态性特征,SSR标记结合形态标记用于近缘系间的品种鉴别较为合适。 相似文献
11.
小麦区试品系DUS测试的分子标记 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
为了确定测试小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)区试品系特异性、一致性、稳定性(DUS)的分子标记,采用156个来自我国不同麦区的品种对SSR、EST-SSR和AFLP-SCAR标记的1334对引物进行筛选,根据在染色体上分布均匀、多态性信息指数较高、带型清晰、不同等位变异的带型易于区分及PCR产物稳定的原则,筛选出105对小麦品种DUS测试的分子标记引物,包括63对SSR引物、21对EST-SSR引物和21对AFLP-SCAR引物,可以检测122个位点的754个等位变异,平均每条染色体上被检测位点5.8个,平均每个位点包含7.2个等位变异。根据DUS测试的需求、引物的染色体分布、PIC值大小和带型特点,将105对引物分为21对核心引物、29对一级备用引物和55对二级备用引物。核心引物分辨力较高,可以完成约80%品系的特异性检测,约95%品系的种子纯度检测和约60%品系的一致性、稳定性检测;备用引物用于确定品系DNA位点纯合率和相似品种(品系)之间的遗传相似系数,以判断DNA指纹相同或相似的品种(品系)之间的相似性和特异性,评价核心标记中具有非纯位点的品系的DNA位点纯合度,同时完成核心引物未能完成的少数品系的种子纯度检测。通过在2006-2007、2007-2008、2008-2009年度对464个冬小麦区试品系DUS测试中的应用,证明105对引物具有很好的代表性和实用性,可以完成90%以上参试品系的DUS检测。 相似文献
12.
Twenty two RAPD and 22 ISSR markers were evaluated for their potential use in determination of genetic relationships in chickpea
(Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars and breeding lines. We were able to identify six chickpea cultivars/breeding lines by cultivar-specific markers.
All of the cultivars tested displayed a different phenotype generated either by the RAPD or ISSR primers. Though ISSR primers
generated less markers than RAPD primers, the ISSR primers produced higher levels of polymorphism (% of polymorphic markers
per primer) than RAPD primers. A high level of within cultivar homogeneity was observed in chickpea. Cultivars/breeding lines
originating from a common genetic background showed closer genetic relationship. Chickpea lines with similar seed type(kabuli
or desi) had a tendency to cluster together.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
以DNA位点纯合率评价小麦品种的一致性和稳定性 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
为了解小麦杂交组合高世代株系和我国小麦品种的DNA位点纯合率,及其评价小麦品种一致性和稳定性的可行性,采用172对SSR、99对EST-SSR和76对AFLP-SCAR引物,检测了10个F4代株系、10个F5代株系和511个品种的DNA位点纯合率。结果表明,F4代和F5代株系的DNA位点纯合率分别为82.1%~94.5%和95.7%~99.4%。根据F5代500个单株的DNA纯合位点比率,推测出F6代株系的DNA位点纯合率为98%~100%。在511个品种中,有10%的品种其DNA位点纯合率低于95%。通过比较证明,DNA位点纯合率越高品种的一致性和稳定性越好。对2006—2009连续3个年度国家冬小麦区域试验品种的检测证明,DNA位点纯合率高于95%的大多数品种和DNA位点纯合率为90%~95%的少数品种具备一致性和稳定性;DNA位点纯合率低于90%的品种不具备一致性和稳定性。说明可以将DNA位点纯合率作为评价小麦品种一致性和稳定性的辅助标准。并提出了以20个个体为样本、检测50个DNA位点的小麦品种DNA位点纯合率检测方法以及检测方法中需注意的细节。 相似文献
14.
15.
Assessment of genetic diversity in bread wheat genotypes for tolerance to drought using AFLPs and agronomic traits 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
M. Esmaeilzadeh Moghaddam R. M. Trethowan H. M. William A. Rezai A. Arzani A. F. Mirlohi 《Euphytica》2005,141(1-2):147-156
Moisture stress greatly limits the productivity of wheat in many wheat-growing regions of the world. Knowledge of the degree of genetic diversity among parental materials for key selection traits will facilitate the development of high yielding, stress tolerant wheat cultivars. The objectives of this study were to: (i) use amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) to assess genetic diversity among bread wheat lines and cultivars with different responses to drought stress in two distinct environments and, (ii) compare genetic diversity estimated by AFLPs with diversity evaluated on agronomic performance under drought stress. Twenty-eight genotypes, 14 from Iran and 14 developed or obtained by CIMMYT, were evaluated in the study. Phenotypic data on the 14 Iranian lines were obtained in Iran, and data on the 14 CIMMYT lines were collected in Mexico. Ten AFLP primer pairs detected 335 polymorphic bands among the 28 cultivars. At the 5th fusion level of the resulting dendrogram, 6 genotype clusters were identified. Thirteen of the 14 CIMMYT genotypes grouped into one cluster while 4 of the remaining groups were comprised only of Iranian genotypes. When the agronomic performance of the Iranian materials was compared with the AFLP diversity analysis, 5 of the 6 drought susceptible genotypes clustered together in the agronomic dendrogram, and were located in the same cluster in the AFLP dendrogram. However, the drought tolerant Iranian materials did not show the same degree of relationship. The CIMMYT materials did not demonstrate a significant association between agronomic performance and genetic diversity determined using AFLPs. Clearly these data show that there are genotypes with similar agronomic performance and different genetic constitutions in this study that can be combined in a breeding program to potentially improve tolerance to drought stress. 相似文献
16.
Karim Sorkheh Behrouz Shiran T. M. Gradziel B. K. Epperson Pedro Martínez-Gómez E. Asadi 《Euphytica》2007,156(3):327-344
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis is a rapid and efficient method for producing DNA fingerprints and
molecular characterization. Our objectives were to: estimate genetic similarities (GS), marker indices, and polymorphic information
contents (PICs) for AFLP markers in almond cultivars; assess the genetic diversity of almond cultivars and wild species, using
GS estimated from AFLP fingerprints and molecular characterization; and facilitate the use of markers in inter-specific introgression
and cultivar improvement. The genetic diversity of 45 almond cultivars from Iran, Europe, and America, were studied assaying
19 primer combinations. In addition, several agronomic traits were evaluated, including flowering and maturity times, self-incompatibility,
and kernel and fruit properties. Out of the 813 polymerase chain reaction fragments that were scored, 781 (96.23%) were polymorphic.
GS ranged from 0.5 to 0.96, marker indices ranged from 51.37 to 78.79, and PICs ranged from 0.56 to 0.86. Results allowed
the unique molecular identification of all assayed genotypes. However, the correlation between genetic similarity clustering
as based on AFLP and clustering for agronomic traits was low. Cluster analysis based on AFLP data clearly differentiated the
genotypes and wild species according to their origin and pedigree, whereas, cluster analysis based on agronomic data differentiated
according the pomological characterization. Our results showed the great genetic diversity of the almond cultivars and their
interest for almond breeding. 相似文献
17.
Ram C. Sharma G. Ortiz-Ferrara J. Crossa M. R. Bhatta M. A. Sufian J. Shoran A. K. Joshi R. Chand Gyanendra Singh R. Ortiz 《Euphytica》2007,157(3):457-464
Improving the level and stability of grain yield is the primary objective of wheat breeding programs in the Eastern Gangetic
Plains (EGP) of South Asia. A regional wheat trial, the Eastern Gangetic Plains Yield Trial (EGPYT), was initiated by CIMMYT
in collaboration with national wheat research programs in Bangladesh, Nepal, and India in 1999–2000 to identify wheat genotypes
with high and stable grain yield, disease resistance, and superior agronomic traits for the EGP region. A set of 21 wheat
experimental genotypes selected from a regional wheat screening nursery in South Asia, three improved widely grown cultivars
(Kanchan, PBW343 and Bhrikuti), and one long-term cultivar (Sonalika) were tested at 9–11 sites in six wheat growing seasons
(2000–2005) in the EGP. The 21 experimental genotypes were different in each year, whereas the four check cultivars were common.
In each year, one or more of the experimental genotypes showed high and stable grain yield and acceptable maturity, plant
height, and disease resistance compared to the check cultivars. Three improved cultivars have already been commercially released
in the region through EGPYT and many germplasm lines have been used in the breeding programs as parents. Identification of
wheat genotypes with high-grain yield in individual sites and high and stable yield across the EGP region underlines their
value for regional wheat breeding programs attempting to improve grain yield and agronomic performance. 相似文献
18.
Genetic diversity of hexaploid wheat cultivars estimated by RAPD markers, morphological traits and coefficients of parentage 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
S. Mari&#; S. Bolari&#; J. Martin&#;i&#; I. Peji&#; V. Kozumplik 《Plant Breeding》2004,123(4):366-369
Estimates of genetic diversity can be based on different types of data. The aim of this research were to study genetic diversity among Croatian wheat cultivars by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, morphological traits and pedigree records; to analyse differences between wheat cultivars from two breeding centres; and to evaluate usability of RAPD markers for estimation of genetic diversity among wheat cultivars in comparison with morphological traits and pedigree record data. Studies were conducted on 14 wheat cultivars and breeding lines from two breeding centres in Croatia. For the RAPD analysis 36 primers were screened and the 14 most polymorphic ones yielded 341 polymorphic bands. Twelve morphological traits were used for morphological analysis. Pedigrees were composed of seven generations of ancestors. RAPD markers showed a high level of polymorphism among the cultivars examined and the breeding lines. No significant correlations were observed among the methods tested. 相似文献
19.
黄河流域棉花主要品种SSR指纹图谱构建及遗传差异分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
利用SSR分子标记构建了2009－2010年黄河流域23个主要棉花品种和2010年山东省区试4个品系的分子指纹图谱并进行遗传多样性分析。63对引物在27份供试材料中共扩增到多态性条带254条,平均每对引物4.03条。22对引物在23个品种（系）上具有特征谱带,除鲁棉研21号、鲁棉研36号、鲁436、邯棉559外,均可用1对引物进行鉴定;采用引物组合法只需要5对引物就能将27份供试材料区分开,并利用这5对引物构建了上述品种（系）的数字指纹图谱。遗传多样性分析显示,27个品种（系）间遗传相似系数介于0.5394~0.9685之间,平均为0.6878,并且同一省份所选育的品种（系）大都聚到同一类群,说明黄河流域选育的品种还存在一定的地域局限性。 相似文献
20.
小麦F4代株系的DNA位点纯合率和农艺性状变异幅度 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来,我国部分育种者为了加快小麦育种速度而缩短系统选择年限,用F4代株系进行品种比较试验,并将其作为品种参加区域试验.本研究以10个小麦杂交组合F4代株系及其亲本为试验材料,对不同株系及其亲本的DNA位点纯合率和重要农艺性状的稳定性进行研究.结果表明,10个F4代株系的DNA位点纯合率在83.0%～94.8%之间,其亲本的DNA位点纯合率均高于95%.以DNA位点纯合率≥95%的品种为对照,10个F4代株系中仅BF-2003-82-17的农艺性状变异幅度在对照品种的变异范围之内,其DNA位点纯合率为94.2%,接近95%.其余9个F4代株系均有变异幅度大于对照品种或仍在分离的农艺性状,初步证明大多数F4代株系的一致性和稳定性尚不符合要求,只有极少数株系具备了一致性和稳定性. 相似文献