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1.
为解决无人机遥感领域根据冠层光谱信息对猕猴桃果树根系土壤含水率（root soil water content, RSWC）进行反演时,现有算法对冠层图像信息分析不足的问题,该研究对传统卷积神经网络模型进行改进,提出一种复合视觉卷积回归神经网络（compound visual convolutional regression network, CVCRNet）,该网络复合两种不同尺寸卷积层对图像数据进行卷积特征提取,并使用全连接层对卷积特征值进行降维,从而直接以多光谱图像为分析对象对RSWC进行反演,充分利用多光谱图像内所有数据,提升反演精度。研究采集徐香猕猴桃果树果实膨大期（5—9月）冠层多光谱信息和深度40 cm处的RSWC,把基于图像的CVCRNet网络反演方法与基于植被指数的传统反演方法进行对比,CVCRNet训练结果在验证集R2为0.827,RMSE为0.787%,相较于传统方法在验证集R2为0.759,RMSE为0.983%,反演结果相关性有了明显提升,准确率也有得到一定提高。结果表明,改进后的CNN网络能够作为冠层信息反演的重要工具,在冠层复杂的场景下达成良好的土壤数据反演效果。 相似文献
2.
高光谱遥感是监测土壤盐渍化的重要手段之一，但野外光谱反射率易受土壤水分的影响，导致盐分监测精度难以保证。为有效消除水分因素，提高土壤含盐量反演精度，该研究以银川平原盐渍化土壤为研究对象，以野外土壤光谱反射率（reflectance，Ref）和实测土壤含盐量为数据源，分析不同含水率的土壤光谱特征，将反射率经过一阶微分（first derivative of reflectance，FDR）、正交信号校正（orthogonal signal correction，OSC）和一阶微分-正交信号校正（first derivative of reflectance - orthogonal signal correction，FDR-OSC）变换，分析各光谱数据与含盐量、含水率的相关性，确定最佳“除水”方法，然后基于支持向量机（support vector machine，SVM）建立土壤含盐量反演模型。结果表明：1）含水率与土壤光谱反射率呈反比，光谱在1 430、1 950、2 200 nm附近存在吸收带，1 950 nm附近为最主要吸收波段，且存在向长波漂移的现象。2）光谱数据与含水率相关性由强到弱的顺序为：Ref、OSC、FDR、FDR-OSC；与含盐量相关性由强到弱的顺序为：FDR-OSC、FDR、OSC、Ref。3）基于FDR-OSC“除水”的SVM含盐量模型决定系数Rc2、Rp2和相对分析误差（relative prediction deviation，RPD）分别达到0.952、0.960和5.04，具有极强的拟合和反演能力。研究结果可为银川平原及同类地区土壤含盐量的精准监测提供科学依据。 相似文献
3.
大豆叶绿素含量高光谱反演模型研究 总被引：24，自引：4，他引：24
叶绿素是植物体进行光合作用、进行第一性生产的重要物质，能够间接反映植被的健康状况与光合能力，同时也能反映植被受环境胁迫后的生理状态。高光谱遥感为快速、大面积监测植被的叶绿素变化提供了可能。该研究实测了不同水肥耦合作用下，大豆冠层的高光谱反射率与叶绿素含量数据，对二者进行了相关分析；采用特定叶绿素敏感波段建立了植被指数叶绿素估算模型；最后采用相关系数较大的波段作为神经网络模型的输入变量进行了叶绿素含量的估算。经对比发现叶绿素A、B与光谱反射率在可见光与近红外波段的相关系数的变化趋势基本一致，在可见光谱波段呈负相关，近红外波段呈正相关，红边处相关系数由负变正。特定色素植被指数可以提高大豆叶绿素估算精度(R2>0.736)，但是人工神经网络模型可以大大提高大豆叶绿素含量的估算水平，当隐藏层节点数为4时，R2大于0.94，随着隐藏层节点数的增加，R2可高达0.99，表明神经网络模型可以大大提升高光谱反演大豆叶绿素含量的能力。 相似文献
4.
土壤含水量（soil water content, SWC）和土壤含盐量（soil salt content, SSC）是影响作物生长和农业生产力的重要因素。光学卫星图像已成为SWC和SSC估计的主要数据源。然而,在SWC或SSC变化较大地区,土壤水分和盐分会影响对方对光谱反射率的响应,使得SSC和SWC的反演精度较差。对此,该研究提出了一个半解析性的反射率模型—RVS模型,来模拟植被光谱反射率（Rv）对作物根区土壤含水量和含盐量的响应;并通过构建的RVS模型,对植被覆盖区域的土壤含水量和土壤含盐量进行同步监测。研究表明：RVS模型在反演研究区土壤含盐量和含水量时,精度较为可靠(水分：决定系数R2为0.63～0.74,均方根误差为0.017～0.028;盐分：决定系数R2为0.68～0.75,均方根误差为0.0525～0.0617)。在作物生长过程中,植被光谱反射率对深层土壤的含水量和含盐量的响应比对浅层土壤的含水量和含盐量的响应更加明显,而且随着作物的生长,影响光谱反射率的主导因素从土壤水分慢慢转向土壤盐分和水盐相互作用。该研究在一定程度上揭示了土壤水分、盐分、水盐交互作用对作物光谱反射率的干扰过程,实现土壤水分和盐分的同步监测,对实现区域尺度上土壤含盐量和含水量的精准监测具有一定的意义。 相似文献
5.
用偏最小二乘法及傅立叶变换近红外光谱快速检测白酒酒精度 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为了得到白酒工业中酒精度的快速检测技术，将偏最小二乘法与傅立叶变换近红外光谱相结合，通过解析白酒样品的近红外光谱图和对光谱进行不同的预处理，结果表明：用最大最小归一化法预处理光谱，光谱范围选择9747.1～7498.3 cm-1和6102～5446.3 cm-1，采用内部交叉验证建立模型，决定系数(R2)为99.99%，交互验证均方根差(RMSECV)为0.165%，主成分数为4，此条件下建模效果较好；模型进行验证结果表明预测集相关系数(R2)为99.80%，预测标准偏差(RMSEP)为0.264%，模型的预测效果很好，具有较高的精密度和良好的稳定性，能满足生产中白酒酒精度的快速检测要求。 相似文献
6.
基于光谱指数与机器学习算法的土壤电导率估算研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤盐分是干旱区土壤盐渍化评价的重要指标。以新疆维吾尔自治区渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为例，基于土壤电导率 (Electrical conductivity，EC) 及可见光-近红外 (Visible and near infrared, VIS-NIR) 光谱数据，通过蒙特卡洛交叉验证 (Monte Carlo cross validation, MCCV) 确定364个有效样本。采用原始光谱 (Raw reflectance, R) 及其经过微分、吸光度 (Absorbance, Abs)、连续统去除 (Continuum removal, CR) 等6种预处理后的数据构建光谱指数。基于遴选出的21个最优指数，采用BP神经网络 (Back propagation neural network, BPNN)、支持向量机 (Support vector machine, SVM)、极限学习机 (Extreme learning machine, ELM) 三种算法对EC进行估算，并引入偏最小二乘回归 (Partial least squares regression, PLSR) 进行比较。结果表明：在基于R与6种光谱预处理数据构建的21个最优光谱指数之中，R_FD_RSI (R1913，R2142) 表现最佳 (r = 0.649) ；与PLSR相比，机器学习算法能够显著提高模型的估算精度，R2提高了34.55%。三种机器学习算法模型中，ELM表现最优 (R2 = 0.884, RMSE = 3.071 mS?cm-1, RPIQ = 2.535) 。本研究中所构建的光谱指数在兼顾遥感机理的同时能深度挖掘更多的隐含信息，并且基于机器学习算法的土壤EC估算模型精度显著提高，为干旱区土壤盐分定量估算提供了科学参考。 相似文献
7.
通过测试棉花6个生育时期350～2500 nm波段的冠层高光谱数据，采用连续统去除和波段深度归一化的分析方法，计算出棉花反射光谱550～750 nm波段深度参数(Dc)；同时，将冠层反射光谱数据与棉花鲜生物量进行逐步回归分析，确定了近红外波段763 nm及红光波段670 nm是棉花鲜生物量的2个敏感波段，并组成了高光谱归一化植被指数(NDVI)和比值植被指数(RVI)；基于Dc参数和NDVI、RVI植被指数，建立了棉花地上鲜生物量的5种单变量线性与非线性函数模型，分析表明，RVI的指数函数模型反演的棉花地上鲜生物量的估计值与实测值的相关系数最大(R=0.7289**，RMSE=0.8776)；5种函数模型方程，经检验均达到1%的极显著水平，其中，以指数函数、幂函数和双曲线函数构建的棉花鲜生物量估算模型精度相对较高；该研究采用高光谱植被参数和指数，实时、无损、动态、定量提取了棉花地上鲜生物量，为分析、模拟、评价、预测棉花群体大小，设计理想棉花群体及棉花高光谱遥感估产提供了科学的依据。 相似文献
8.
新疆土壤盐渍化严重，亟需防治土壤盐渍化继续蔓延，水盐含量能直观表述盐渍化程度，所以反演土壤水盐含量对于土壤盐渍化的防治具有重要意义。以新疆典型的膜下滴灌棉田土壤为例，利用探地雷达250 MHz和1 000 MHz两个频率天线，通过共中心点法获取波速后转换为视在介电常数，结合野外实测数据，修正胡庆荣盐渍土介电模型参数，以修正后的胡庆荣盐渍土介电模型反演膜下滴灌棉田表层土（0~30 cm）的水盐含量，最终验证反演结果的适用性。结果表明：①通过修正胡庆荣介电模型中的参数，使该模型可以适用于膜下滴灌棉田土壤水盐含量的反演。参数A修正后的取值在0.74左右，参数ξ修正后的取值在0.14左右。②1 000 MHz频率天线反演的含水量优于250 MHz频率，且反演值与实际值具有较好的线性拟合关系，R2=0.948，RMSE为2.67 cm3/cm3。③探地雷达250 MHz和1 000 MHz频率天线的组合能够有效反演膜下滴灌棉田表层土的含盐量，反演值与实测值拟合程度较高，R2=0.835，RMSE为1.43 g/kg。探地雷达技术结合参数修正后的胡庆荣介电模型不仅提高了水盐含量的调查效率，还有利于绘制中尺度棉田土壤水盐含量分布图，为防治土壤盐渍化提供了理论数据支持。 相似文献
9.
基于133个滨海湿地土样的全氮（TN）含量和光谱反射率（R）及其对数（lgR）、对数的一阶微分（（lgR）''）、倒数（1/R）、倒数的一阶微分（（1/R）''）、一阶微分（R''）、平方根（√R）、一阶微分的倒数（1/（R）''）变换，采用偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）、随机森林回归（RFR）和支持向量机回归（SVR）3种算法分别建立土壤TN含量估测模型。结果表明：①土壤TN含量与光谱变换形式相关性由高到低为：（1/R）''> R''> （lgR）''> 1/R > lgR > 1/（R）''> √R > > R，经光谱变换，土壤TN含量与变换光谱的相关性均高于R，其中与（1/R）''的Pearson相关系数最大为0.746。②PLSR和SVR基于R''、（1/R）''、（lgR）''和1/（R）''变换构建的模型、RFR方法构建的所有模型R2均大于0.732，均可用于滨海湿地土壤TN含量的估算。③基于1/（R）''建立的SVR模型预测精度最高，其R2为0.987，RMSE为0.057 g/kg，MAE为0.050 g/kg，是预测滨海湿地土壤TN含量的最优模型，可为准确获取滨海湿地土壤TN含量提供稳定方法。 相似文献
10.
斑潜蝇虫害叶片受害程度对其近红外反射光谱的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
为探索实现作物虫害自动监测的方法，采用图像处理和光谱分析技术，测定了斑潜蝇虫害叶片的近红外反射光谱，计算了虫害叶片的破损率，对其破损率和干鲜比与近红外分光反射率的关系分别进行了回归分析。结果表明：在某些波段，叶片的破损率和干鲜比均与近红外分光反射率有较好的相关性。叶片的干鲜比与近红外分光反射率关系的决定系数：黄瓜为R2=0.79(在1452 nm)，番茄为R2=0.70(在1450 nm)。叶片的破损率与近红外分光反射率关系的决定系数，黄瓜为R2>0.81(在1436～1468 nm)，番茄为R2>0.69(在1436～1466 nm)。试验和分析结果证明斑潜蝇虫害叶片的虫害程度能很好地被近红外光谱信息反映。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
19.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
20.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献