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1.
为初步阐明拟赤梢鱼(Pseudaspius leptocephalus)卵巢发育特征及sox3 (sry related high mobility group box 3)基因在其卵巢发育过程中的作用,本研究通过组织切片观察了拟赤梢鱼卵巢早期发育过程,利用RACE技术克隆了该鱼sox3基因cDNA全长序列,并进行生物信息学分析;利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析了sox3基因在拟赤梢鱼不同组织及性腺不同发育时期的表达模式。结果显示,拟赤梢鱼卵巢在孵化后45 d分化形成,160 d时由Ⅰ期进入Ⅱ期,孵化后360 d,卵巢仍处于Ⅱ期。拟赤梢鱼sox3基因cDNA全长为1 800 bp (GenBank登录号：MT952206),编码299 个氨基酸,存在保守的HMG (histidine, methionine, glycine-rich)结构域。氨基酸序列比对和系统进化树分析结果显示,拟赤梢鱼SOX3蛋白与斑马鱼(Danio rerio)和翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)亲缘关系最近。此外,sox3基因在拟赤梢鱼卵巢中表达量最高,其次是脑和眼睛,在精巢和其他组织中微量表达;在性腺分化过程中,sox3基因在卵巢中表达量显著高于未分化性腺和精巢,在卵巢发育阶段表达量不断升高,而在精巢中持续低水平表达。综上,本研究推测sox3基因主要参与拟赤梢鱼卵巢的分化和发育。 相似文献
2.
为探究胰岛素样生长因子基因igf与生长性状间的关系,以近缘物种igf基因为参考,克隆乌苏里拟鲿igf1和igf2基因序列,并利用关联分析法分析其多态位点与生长性状的关系。研究结果显示：获得igf1基因全长cDNA 1241 bp,其中开放阅读框(ORF)长477 bp,编码158个氨基酸,igf1基因部分DNA序列10 922 bp, igf1基因由5个外显子和4个内含子组成;获得igf2基因全长cDNA 2008 bp, ORF长741 bp,编码246个氨基酸,igf2基因DNA部分序列3700 bp, igf2基因由4个外显子和3个内含子组成。两基因编码的IGF1和IGF2氨基酸序列均与黄颡鱼相应序列的一致性最高(96.9%和96.7%)。在igf1基因中共检测到5个单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点,其中1个位于外显子,4个位于内含子,并检测出7个微卫星位点;在igf2基因中共检测到5个SNP位点,其中1个位于外显子、4个位于内含子,并检测出5个微卫星位点。挑选igf1和igf2基因中位于外显子的SNP位点与5个生长性状进行了关联分析,但未检测到显著关联性。本研究结果可为乌苏里拟鲿i... 相似文献
3.
通过兼并引物扩增及RACE技术,克隆大菱鲆促黄体激素受体(luteinizing hormone receptor,LHR)基因,分析其相应生物信息学特征和组织表达。结果显示:LHR基因序列全长3 184 bp,编码685个氨基酸,同大西洋庸鲽同源性最高。氨基酸序列分析发现,该基因编码蛋白为疏水性蛋白,相对分子量76.54 ku,理论等电点7.22,存在信号肽序列和跨膜区;亚细胞定位主要在内质网和细胞膜;预测该蛋白含有33个磷酸化位点、5个糖基化位点、6个富含亮氨酸重复序列、7个跨膜保守结构域,二级结构以无规则卷曲为主,三级结构其结构域呈α螺旋状构象;蛋白功能预测表明,LHR主要在辅助、运载、翻译和代谢调节过程中发挥关键作用。组织表达分析表明,LHR基因除在卵巢大量表达外,在其他非性腺组织也有表达,尤其是在肝脏表达较高。上述结果为深入探讨LHR基因在大菱鲆性腺发育过程中的生物学功能奠定了遗传信息基础,也为研究其他海水养殖鱼类生殖调控提供重要参考。 相似文献
4.
乙酰CoA酰基转移酶(acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase,AACT)是甲羟戊酸途径的初始酶,为了研究该酶在甲壳动物卵巢发育调控中的作用,用RT-PCR和cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术,克隆得到三疣梭子蟹AACT(Pt-AACT)的cDNA全长(GenBank登录号:KM033231)。这段序列全长1 630 bp,包括1个101 bp的5'端非编码区,1个395 bp的3'端非编码区和1个1 134 bp的开放阅读框,编码377个氨基酸。对其氨基酸序列进行生物信息学预测,发现Pt-AACT属于疏水性蛋白,无跨膜结构域,存在2个硫解酶特异性保守区。与其他已公布物种的AACT氨基酸序列进行比对,发现与金小蜂、埃及伊蚊等同源性最高(均为72%)。系统进化树结果显示,Pt-AACT与昆虫AACT聚为一支,用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术,分析三疣梭子蟹AACT的组织表达差异及在卵巢发育中的表达变化,结果表明AACT在大颚器中表达量最高,在其余组织中表达量较低,差异显著;在卵巢发育Ⅰ期表达量最高,与其他期存在极显著差异。表明AACT可能在三疣梭子蟹卵巢发育中具有一定调控作用。 相似文献
5.
本研究利用RACE技术克隆了三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)Drosha和Exportin 5基因的cDNA全长序列,Drosha基因长度为3443 bp,编码1038个氨基酸,预测蛋白质包含2个相邻的RNA酶Ⅲ结构域(RⅢDa和RⅢDb)和1个双链RNA结合结构域(dsRBD)。Exportin 5基因全长为5000 bp,编码1208个氨基酸,预测蛋白质包含1个Importin-βN-末端结构域(IBN-N)和1个核输出蛋白结构域(XPO-1)。同源分析显示,三疣梭子蟹Drosha氨基酸序列与其他物种高度相似,与日本对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)相似度最高,达94%。qRT-PCR分析结果显示,Drosha和Exportin 5基因在三疣梭子蟹各组织中均有表达,其在卵巢和肝胰腺中的表达量最高(P0.05);在精巢不同发育时期,2个基因表达量的变化趋势一致,均在Ⅱ期(精母细胞增殖、分化期)表达量最高;在卵巢发育过程中,2个基因表达量的变化趋势也大致相同,随着卵巢发育(Ⅱ~Ⅴ期)逐渐升高。研究表明,Drosha和Exportin 5基因可能通过调控miRNA的合成来影响三疣梭子蟹性腺发育过程,为深入解析三疣梭子蟹性腺发育调控机制提供了重要参考。 相似文献
6.
为探究卵黄蛋白受体(Vitellogenin receptor,Vtgr)在双须骨舌鱼性腺发育的作用及组织表达规律,本研究运用RACE技术首次克隆获得双须骨舌鱼vtgr cDNA全序列,该序列全长为2 841 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为2 556bp,编码氨基酸851个,5'端非编码区26 bp,3'端非编码区258 bp。生物信息学分析显示,vtgr蛋白分子质量为93.6 ku,等电点为4.78,含有8个低密度脂蛋白受体A结构域(LDLa),5个低密度脂蛋白受体YWTD结构域(LY),2个类表皮生长因子结构域(EGF),1个钙结合类表皮生长因子结构域(EGF-CA),1个跨度为23个氨基酸的跨膜结构域,属于极低密度脂蛋白受体(vldlr),是亲水性跨膜蛋白。多序列比对分析表明,双须骨舌鱼vtgr高度保守,与美丽硬仆骨舌鱼(Scleropages formosus)相似度最高为95.96%。系统进化树分析发现,与美丽硬仆骨舌鱼聚为一支,与鲽形目、鲤形目、鲑形目亲缘性较远。qRT-PCR结果分析发现,双须骨舌鱼vtgr在雌雄鱼的8个不同组织中均有表达,在卵巢和精巢中的相对表达量显著高于鳃、肝、脾、心脏、头肾、脑等组织(P0.05)。此外,vtgr在雌雄鱼性腺发育Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ期表达分析表明,在卵巢中vtgr相对表达量依次递减,且Ⅱ期显著高于Ⅲ和Ⅳ期(P0.05);精巢中3个时期vtgr表达无显著差异(P0.05),但Ⅱ和Ⅲ期表达量显著低于卵巢(P0.05)。研究表明,vtgr基因编码区序列有较高保守性。Vtgr在双须骨舌鱼前期卵巢发育中发挥着重要作用。 相似文献
7.
为了研究龟鳖类生殖细胞发育分化机制,实验通过RACE技术克隆获得了中华鳖dead end (dnd)基因全长c DNA,RT-PCR分析了其在不同组织的转录表达情况,并通过原位杂交技术检测了dnd mRNA在中华鳖雌雄性腺配子发生过程中的表达变化。结果显示,中华鳖dnd cDNA全长1 251 bp (GenBank登录号为OL757532),包括234 bp的3’端非翻译区和1 017 bp开放读码框,开放读码框编码338个氨基酸。氨基酸序列比对和系统进化树分析结果表明,中华鳖Dnd蛋白与其他物种同源蛋白一样,均具有6个保守的结构域,其中高度保守的RNA识别结构域是主要的功能结构域。中华鳖Dnd与绿海龟Dnd氨基酸序列一致性最高,亲缘关系最近。RT-PCR结果显示,Psdnd特异性地在中华鳖性腺组织中表达,且在卵巢中的表达明显高于精巢。原位杂交分析结果显示,Psdnd mRNA在生殖细胞中特异表达。在卵巢中,Psdnd mRNA主要在Ⅱ期初级卵母细胞的细胞质中表达,随着卵母细胞的增大,在Ⅳ期及以后的卵母细胞中检测不到其表达。在精巢中,Psdnd mRNA信号在初级精母细胞中表达最强,... 相似文献
8.
半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制因子(CST)是一种能够可逆结合并抑制半胱氨酸蛋白酶类的活性的蛋白,为了明确日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)CST基因(Mn CST)序列及其在日本沼虾卵巢中的作用,本研究利用RACE方法克隆获得日本沼虾Mn CST全长cDNA序列,利用qRT-PCR分析了其在不同组织和不同发育阶段的卵巢中的表达情况,并利用RNA干扰(RNAi)技术初步分析了Mn CST在日本沼虾卵巢发育中的作用。结果显示,Mn CST cDNA序列全长6199 bp,包含1183 bp 5′非编码区、2304 bp 3′非编码区和2709 bp开放阅读框,编码903个氨基酸残基,其氨基酸序列上有6个cystatin-like(半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制因子样)结构域和42个磷酸化位点;Mn CST基因在各个组织中均有表达,肠中表达量最高;日本沼虾不同发育阶段的卵巢中均有Mn CST基因表达,Ⅳ期卵巢中表达量最高,Ⅱ期卵巢中表达量最低;Mn CST基因在日本沼虾卵巢中的表达变化与组织蛋白酶B(Cts B)和组织蛋白酶L(Cts L)基因的表达变化基本是一致的,但对卵黄蛋白原(Vg)基因的表达没有直接影响。Mn CST在日本沼虾卵巢中的作用可能主要是抑制Cts B和Cts L的活性,在日本沼虾卵巢发育过程中对Vg的水解起间接的调控作用。 相似文献
9.
为了研究IGF1R基因在泥蚶生长、发育过程中的调控作用,本研究基于泥蚶转录组文库的EST,利用SMART RACE技术首次克隆获得泥蚶IGF1R基因(Tg-IGF1R)c DNA全长序列,该序列全长为5793 bp,开放阅读框为4638 bp,编码1546个氨基酸。经生物信息学分析发现,该基因5′端非编码区为810 bp,3′端非编码区为345 bp,Tg-IGF1R蛋白分子量为176.01 ku,等电点为6.04,包含4个Ⅲ型纤粘连蛋白结构域,1个半胱氨酸富集区和1个酪氨酸激酶结构域,属于亲水性跨膜蛋白质。氨基酸多重比对显示Tg-IGF1R蛋白序列与人、非洲爪蟾、斑马鱼的相似性分别为45.2%、45.6%和45.4%。利用q RT-PCR技术检测了Tg-IGF1R基因在泥蚶成体不同组织及幼体不同发育时期的表达情况,发现该基因具有广泛的组织表达性,在所检测的6个组织(血液、闭壳肌、斧足、鳃、内脏团和外套膜)中均有不同程度的表达,其中血液中的相对表达量最高,并与其余5个组织间存在显著性差异,推测Tg-IGF1R以信号分子的形式参与多种组织细胞的生命过程。Tg-IGF1R基因在泥蚶个体发育过程中的9个时期均有表达,且高表达主要集中在原肠胚期,其次是担轮幼虫期和稚贝期,说明Tg-IGF1R基因可能在早期发育阶段参与了某些器官的形成。 相似文献
10.
为了探究日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)核糖体蛋白S3a(MnRPS3a)在其卵巢发育中的功能，利用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)-PCR技术获得了MnRPS3a基因的全长cDNA序列，并利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和免疫荧光(IF)技术分别进行了该基因的表达模式和蛋白定位分析。结果显示，MnRPS3a基因cDNA全长902 bp,共编码266个氨基酸；MnRPS3a与墨吉对虾(Fenneropenaeus merguiensis)RPS3a氨基酸序列相似性最高，进化上的亲缘关系也最近；在不同组织中，MnRPS3a基因在肌肉中的表达量最高；在不同发育阶段卵巢中，MnRPS3a基因在Ⅰ期卵巢中的表达量最高；注射5-羟色胺(5-HT)能诱导日本沼虾卵巢MnRPS3a和卵黄蛋白原(Vg)基因表达升高，而注射多巴胺(DA)则抑制这2个基因表达。MnRPS3a蛋白主要定位于日本沼虾Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期卵巢的滤泡细胞、Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期卵巢卵母细胞的细胞质中。结果表明MnRPS3a可能在日本沼虾卵巢发育调控中发挥重要的作用。 相似文献
11.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
12.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
13.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
14.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
15.
Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献
16.
T. Citarasu K. Venkatramalingam M. Micheal Babu R. Raja Jeya Sekar M. Petermarian 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(6):581-595
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could
lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment
in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load
in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Effects of cortisol on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism and responsiveness to hormones in the sea raven,Hemitripterus americanus 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The sea raven, Hemitripterus americanus, is a sit-and-wait, low metabolic rate, marine teleost. The objective of this study was to determine i) whether cortisol implantation (50 mg. kg-1) for 7 days altered hepatocyte metabolism, and hepatocyte responsiveness to epinephrine, glucagon and insulin, and ii) whether 8 weeks of food-deprivation modified the above response. Cortisol implantation significantly increased hepatocyte
total glucose production and oxidation from alanine compared to the sham group. There was no cortisol effect on glycogen breakdown,
suggesting that the activation of other pathways, including gluconeogenesis, are required to account for the increased glucose
production. Epinephrine-mediated (10-5M) glycogen breakdown and insulin-mediated (10-8M) total glucose production were enhanced in hepatocytes of cortisol implanted sea ravens, but there were no change in any
glucagon (10-7M) effects. The enhanced glycogen breakdown in the absence of similar increases in total glucose production with epinephrine
indicates mobilization of carbohydrate reserves for endogenous use by the liver.
Food-deprivation for 8 weeks significantly decreased condition factor, plasma cortisol concentration and liver glycogen content
in the sea raven, but had no effect on plasma glucose concentration. Hepatocyte total glucose production and flux rates from
alanine increased significantly with food-deprivation. Moreover, food-deprivation increased responsiveness of total hepatocyte
glucose production to the actions of glucagon and insulin, but not to epinephrine; none of these effects were modified by
cortisol implantation.
Our results indicate that cortisol in the sea raven exerts both a direct and an indirect or permissive effect on hepatocyte
metabolism by modifying hepatocyte responsiveness to epinephrine and insulin stimulation. Cortisol implantation did not modify
the effects of glucagon or food-deprivation in this species. 相似文献
18.
Simulation and quantification of enrichment and retention processes in the southern Benguela upwelling ecosystem 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
CHRISTOPHE LETT CLAUDE ROY ANNE LEVASSEUR CARL D. VAN DER LINGEN CHRISTIAN MULLON 《Fisheries Oceanography》2006,15(5):363-372
Important environmental processes for the survival and recruitment of early life stages of pelagic fishes have been synthesized through Bakun's fundamental triad as enrichment, concentration and retention processes (A. Bakun, 1996, Patterns in the Ocean. Ocean Processes and Marine Population Dynamics. San Diego, CA, USA: University of California Sea Grant). This conceptual framework states that from favourable spawning habitats, eggs and larvae would be transported to and/or retained in places where food originating from enrichment areas would be concentrated. We propose a method for quantifying two of the triad processes, enrichment and retention, based on the Lagrangian tracking of particles transported within water velocity fields generated by a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model. We apply this method to the southern Benguela upwelling ecosystem, constructing putative maps of enrichment and retention. We comment on these maps regarding main features of the circulation in the region, and investigate seasonal variability of the processes. We finally discuss the results in relation to available knowledge on the reproductive strategies of two pelagic clupeoid species abundant in the southern Benguela, anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardinops sagax). Our approach is intended to be sufficiently generic so as to allow its application to other upwelling systems. 相似文献
19.
This study evaluated the effects of three levels of loading density (200, 300 and 400 g L−1) and four levels of duration (1, 3, 6 and 9 h) on the mortality, plasma cortisol and chloride levels and growth of rohu Labeo
rohita fingerlings in a transport simulation. While total immediate mortality was low (4–12%), delayed mortality was high (27–49%).
Initial capture and handling were found to constitute the most stressful phase as indicated by elevated plasma cortisol. The
levels of cortisol continued to rise at 6 and 9 h after transport, with the highest level observed at 9 h after transport.
The level of plasma chloride fell after transport across all density levels and treatment durations. Specific growth rate
(SGR, %/day) and total bacterial density (cfu/g) were not different between and within treatments, and between treatments
and the controls. This study demonstrates that transport has a profound effect on the stress responses of rohu fingerlings.
Although the level of immediate mortality was low, the higher level of delayed mortality has serious implications in terms
of production inefficiency for grow-out farmers. 相似文献
20.
Gabrielle C. Canonico Angela Arthington Jeffrey K. McCrary Michele L. Thieme 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2005,15(5):463-483
- 1. The common name ‘tilapia’ refers to a group of tropical freshwater fish in the family Cichlidae (Oreochromis, Tilapia, and Sarotherodon spp.) that are indigenous to Africa and the southwestern Middle East. Since the 1930s, tilapias have been intentionally dispersed worldwide for the biological control of aquatic weeds and insects, as baitfish for certain capture fisheries, for aquaria, and as a food fish. They have most recently been promoted as an important source of protein that could provide food security for developing countries without the environmental problems associated with terrestrial agriculture. In addition, market demand for tilapia in developed countries such as the United States is growing rapidly.
- 2. Tilapias are well‐suited to aquaculture because they are highly prolific and tolerant to a range of environmental conditions. They have come to be known as the ‘aquatic chicken’ because of their potential as an affordable, high‐yield source of protein that can be easily raised in a range of environments — from subsistence or ‘backyard’ units to intensive fish hatcheries. In some countries, particularly in Asia, nearly all of the introduced tilapias produced are consumed domestically; tilapias have contributed to basic food security for such societies.
- 3. This review indicates that tilapia species are highly invasive and exist under feral conditions in every nation in which they have been cultured or introduced. Thus, the authors have concluded that, despite potential or observed benefits to human society, tilapia aquaculture and open‐water introductions cannot continue unchecked without further exacerbating damage to native fish species and biodiversity. Recommendations include restricting tilapia culture to carefully managed, contained ponds, although exclusion is preferred when it is feasible. Research into culture of indigenous species is also recommended.