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种植密度对不同玉米品种抗倒力学特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】黔北地区玉米种植密度较低,缺乏耐密抗倒品种,为筛选出适宜黔北地区种植的抗倒伏玉米品种。【方法】以20个玉米品种为材料,研究种植密度对其抗倒力学特性的影响,以明确影响玉米倒伏的茎秆因素。【结果】同一密度下随节间部位的上升,各品种的茎秆穿刺、压折和压碎强度有所降低。增加种植密度,不同品种茎秆抗倒力学性状变化不同。先玉1171、郑单958、仲玉3号和金玉838的茎秆穿刺强度、压折强度和压碎强度较大。相关分析表明,茎秆穿刺强度与压折强度和压碎强度呈极显著正相关,压折强度与压碎强度呈极显著正相关;倒折率与茎秆穿刺强度、压折强度和压碎强度呈极显著负相关;地上第4节穿刺强度和地上第3节压折强度分别与产量呈显著正相关;各节茎秆穿刺强度、压折强度、压碎强度分别与倒伏率存在一定的相关关系。茎秆强度的大小是影响植株倒伏和倒折的主要因素。【结论】综合各参试品种的抗倒力学特性和产量认为,先玉1171、正红431、仲玉3号、靖单12号、郑单958和新中玉801表现较好,适合在黔北地区推广种植。 相似文献
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玉米倒伏的原因及防止措施 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
分析玉米倒伏的原因,即种植密度不合理、较大的风雨、施肥方法不当、品种不当、田间管理措施不当等因素均能影响玉米的倒伏;并提出防止玉米倒伏的措施,主要包括选用抗倒品种、合理密植、及时防治病虫害、加强肥水管理、喷施玉米"壮丰灵"等方面的内容,以期为减轻玉米倒伏、提高玉米产量提供参考。 相似文献
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随着夏玉米种植方法的改进和玉米产量的不断提高,玉米倒伏问题已经成为玉米减产的主要因素之一。玉米品种、耕作、施肥、种植密度、病虫害等因素均可造成玉米倒伏,针对玉米倒伏的原因进行调查分析,并提出采取合理的预防措施,如选择抗倒品种、合理密植、配方施肥、化控等,能有效地防止夏玉米倒伏。 相似文献
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近年来,随着玉米产量水平的不断提高,加大种植密度、增加亩收获穗数已成为实现玉米高产的一条重要途径.但随着玉米种植密度的提高,倒伏问题也日趋严重,对玉米高产、稳产造成一定影响.在高密度种植和大风、多雨天气条件下,如何提高植株自身的抗倒能力、减轻倒伏的发生呢?
一、选用抗倒品种 一个玉米品种是否容易发生倒伏,主要与该品种的植株特性有关.一般来讲,植株较高、穗位(着生果穗的节位距地面的高度)较高、茎秆纤细、根系发育不良的品种发生倒伏的几率比较大.植株较高,特别是穗位较高的品种重心不稳,茎秆纤细的品种容易发生茎折,根系发育不良的品种则容易发生根倒.品种的抗倒能力只是相对而言,没有哪一个品种能够绝对抗倒. 相似文献
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正玉米是吉林省的主栽品种,增加种植密度实现玉米高产的一条重要途径。但种植密度高的玉米倒伏问题日趋严重,一定程度的影响了玉米高产、稳产,了解玉米倒伏原因,积极采取有效措施,提高玉米植株自身的抗倒能力、减轻倒伏发生,可确保玉米稳定高产。1玉米倒伏类型1.1茎倒。又称弯倒,玉米植株过高,茎秆细长,基部机械组织强度差,遇暴风雨茎部弯曲、倾斜,根部位置不变。茎倒对产量的影响最轻。1.2根倒。植株根系发育不良,灌 相似文献
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《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(3)
【目的】探究种植密度对春玉米茎秆性状及力学特征的影响,以期为川中丘陵春玉米密植抗倒机制解析提供理论依据。【方法】以2个玉米品种[耐密品种郑单958 (ZD958)和当地主栽耐密品种仲玉3号(ZY3)]为材料,设置4.50、6.00、7.50和9.00万株/hm~2 4个密度处理,研究不同种植密度下玉米倒伏与茎秆性状及力学特性的变化。【结果】随群体密度增加,玉米株高、穗位高、穗位高系数、第3节间长和倒伏率都显著增大(P0.05),节间粗、单位茎长干物质质量及茎秆压碎强度、抗折力、外皮穿刺强度都显著降低(P0.05)。密度每增加0.75万株/hm~2,基部第3节间的茎秆压碎强度、抗折力和外皮穿刺强度ZD958分别降低5.48%、8.54%和4.74%,ZY3分别降低5.70%、6.55%和3.09%。品种间表现为ZY3的株高、穗位高、茎节粗长比、单位茎长干物质质量、茎秆力学特征和根倒率均显著高于ZD958 (P0.05),ZY3的穗位高系数和茎折率显著低于ZD958 (P0.05)。相关分析表明:倒伏率与茎秆压碎强度、外皮穿刺强度、抗折力呈显著负相关;逐步回归分析表明:玉米茎秆力学特性受单位茎长干物质质量的影响最大,茎折率受穗位高系数的影响最大,而根倒率受株高影响最大。【结论】种种植密度显著影响玉米的茎秆性状、力学特性和抗倒性能,相比而言,ZY3的抗倒性能比ZD958更优,更适合在川中丘陵区种植,密度以6.00万株/hm~2为宜。 相似文献
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《农业科学学报》2017,(12)
Increasing plant density is an effective way to enhance maize yield, but often increases lodging rate and severity, significantly elevating the risk and cost of maize production. Therefore, lodging is a major factor restricting future increases in maize yield through high-density planting. This paper reviewed previous research on the relationships between maize lodging rate and plant morphology, mechanical strength of stalks, anatomical and biochemical characteristics of stalks, root characteristics, damage from pests and diseases, environmental factors, and genomic characteristics. The effects of planting density on these factors and explored possible ways to improve lodging resistance were also analyzed in this paper. The results provide a basis for future research on increasing maize lodging resistance under high-density planting conditions and can be used to develop maize cultivation practices and lodging-resistant maize cultivars. 相似文献
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种植密度对夏玉米浚单28生长发育及产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
为发挥浚单28的产量潜力,探求适宜的种植密度,采用田间试验研究了不同种植密度对浚单28叶面积指数、干物重、叶绿素、植株抗倒性及产量的影响。结果表明,随着种植密度的增加,浚单28叶面积指数和生物重增加,叶绿素含量和植株抗倒伏能力下降,穗粒数和千粒重降低。在本试验条件下,密度为6.00万株/hm2的产量最高,为11662.5 kg/hm2,在实际生产中,推荐浚单28适宜的种植密度为6.00万～6.75万株/hm2。 相似文献
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玉米材料的耐密性鉴定及耐密型育种的思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
逐步增加玉米种植密度是当前玉米生产发展的必然趋势,而玉米自交系的耐密性在一定程度上决定了杂交种的耐密性。以夏玉米育种上常用的4个基本骨干自交系为试验材料,以耐密自交系130为对照,在种植密度7.5万～15.0万株/hm^2范围内设计6个梯度水平,分析不同种植密度对玉米主要生育期、穗部性状、倒伏倒折率和产量的影响,旨为耐密型玉米育种提供合理的选系密度。结果表明：随着种植密度的增大,4个参试玉米材料的穗长变短、穗粗变细、秃尖长度增大,当密度超过某一个范围后倒伏倒折率明显增大,产量呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,其中产量最高的种植密度范围为12.0万～13.5万株/hm^2;而耐密自交系130（对照）的穗部性状变化幅度较小,倒伏倒折率明显较低,产量一直呈增加趋势。在试验密度范围内,不同种植密度对同一玉米材料的主要生育期和穗行数均无显著影响。并对耐密型玉米品种选育的种植密度和杂交种鉴定技术进行了探讨,认为在选择耐密型自交系时低代选系材料的种植密度应〉13.5万株/hm^2,在选择耐密型杂交种时还要保证穗粒数和穗粒重不能降低得太多,对耐密型杂交种进行鉴定时设立一年多点异地鉴定并适当加大鉴定种植密度。 相似文献
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不同密度和化控制对玉米农艺性状及产量的影响试验结果表明,品种、化控剂和种植密度均对产量及农艺性状具有较大的影响,但三者之间互作相关性不显著.在使用化控剂处理条件下,玉米产量随着种植密度的增加表现为逐渐增加而后降低的趋势;不同化控剂在一定程度上提高了百粒重,且随着密度增加百粒重变化幅度很小.不同化控剂处理均显著降低了玉米株高和穗位,降低了植株倒伏率.适宜高密度和化控剂可协同提高玉米籽粒产量,表明化控剂在一定程度上降低了高密度条件对玉米倒伏率的影响;同时施用玉喜化控剂对作物的株高、穗位有更佳的调控效果,可以有效降低倒伏率. 相似文献
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Identification of tolerance to high density and lodging in short petiolate germplasm M657 and the effect of density on yield-related phenotypes of soybean 
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下载免费PDF全文 GAO Hua-wei YANG Meng-yuan YAN Long HU Xian-zhong HONG Hui-long ZHANG Xiang SUN Ru-jian WANG Hao-rang WANG Xiao-bo LIU Li-ke ZHANG Shu-zhen QIU Li-juan 《农业科学学报》2023,22(2):434-446
Soybean yield has traditionally been increased through high planting density, but investigating plant height and petiole traits to select for compact architecture, lodging resistance, and high yield varieties is an underexplored option for further improving yield. We compared the relationships between yield-related traits, lodging resistance, and petioleassociated phenotypes in the short petiole germplasm M657 with three control accessions during 2017–2018 in four locations in the Huang–Huai reg... 相似文献
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Yonggui XIAO Jianjun LIU Haosheng LI Xinyou CAO Xianchun XIA Zhonghu HE 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2015,2(2):168
Improved lodging resistance is important for achieving high yield in irrigated environments. This study was conducted to determine genotypic variation in lodging resistance and related morphological traits among winter wheat cultivars planted at two densities, and to identify key traits associated with lodging resistance. Lodging performance of 28 genotypes, including 24 released cultivars and four advanced lines, was evaluated at 250 plants per square meter and 500 plants per square meter in Shandong province during the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 crop seasons. At the higher density, the average grain yield was 2.6% higher, even though lodging score rose by as much as 136%. The higher planting density increased lodging through increased leaf area index (LAI), plant height, center of gravity and length of basal internodes, and reduced grain weight per spike and diameter of the lower two stem internodes. LAI, center of gravity and diameter of first internodes, as the important indicators for lodging resistance, were significantly correlated with lodging score, with R= 0.62, 0.59 and −0.52 (P<0.01), respectively. Plant pushing resistance was significantly associated with diameter and length of the first internodes (R = 0.71–0.77, P<0.01), indicating it could be used to assess the strength of the lower stem. Higher planting density could be used to select genotypes with lodging resistance in irrigated environments. Cultivars carrying high plant density tolerance and high yield potential, such as Jimai 22 and Liangxing 66, were recommended as leading cultivars for production as well as elite crossing parents for further increasing yield potential in the Yellow and Huai Valleys Winter Wheat Zone in China. 相似文献
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种植密度对玉米-大豆带状间作下大豆光合、产量及茎秆抗倒的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】阐明玉米-大豆带状间作下大豆植株冠层在不同种植密度下的光环境变化规律,明确种植密度对间作大豆叶片光合特性、产量形成及茎秆抗倒的影响,为构建寡日照地区间作大豆合理群体密度提供理论参考。【方法】本研究以大豆（川豆-16）和玉米（正红-505）为试验材料。采用双因素随机区组设计,主因素为种植方式,设玉米-大豆带状间作和大豆带状单作2个水平,副因素为大豆的3个种植密度（PD1=17株/m2,PD2=20株/m2,PD3=25株/m2),研究种植密度对间作大豆冠层内部光环境变化、叶片光合特性、植株生长动态、田间倒伏率及产量构成等的影响。【结果】2年结果表明,在玉米-大豆带状间作系统中,大豆生长中后期受高位作物玉米遮荫和自荫性增加的影响,其植株群体冠层内部的光合有效辐射（PAR）、叶面积指数（LAI）、叶片光合能力、分枝数及产量显著降低,但受玉米影响的程度因大豆种植密度的不同而不同。在间作模式下,PD1和PD2处理的大豆植株群体冠层光合有效辐射比PD3处理分别增加了45.4%和24.8%,净光合速率分别增加了46.1%和12.3%,单株有效荚数分别增加了53.2%和27.2%,单株分枝数分别增加了270.4%和140.9%,田间倒伏率分别降低了50.3%和19.3%。相关性分析发现,间作大豆的田间倒伏率与冠层内部光合有效辐射、叶片净光合速率、茎秆抗折力、茎叶干物质比、单株分枝数及单株有效荚数呈显著负相关,与株高、叶面积指数和单株无效荚数呈显著正相关。【结论】在玉米-大豆带状间作模式下,20株/m2的大豆密度（PD2）有利于创造良好的群体冠层内部光环境,降低植株田间大豆倒伏率,增加光合产物积累,从而提高大豆产量。 相似文献
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Lignin metabolism regulates lodging resistance of maize hybrids under varying planting density 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Bin LI Fei GAO Bai-zhao REN Shu-ting DONG Peng LIU Bin ZHAO Ji-wang ZHANG 《农业科学学报》2021,20(8):2077-2089
Hybrids and planting density are the main factors affecting maize lodging resistance. Here, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of the regulation of maize lodging resistance by comparing two hybrids at various planting densities from the perspective of lignin metabolism. Our results showed that compared to lodging-susceptible hybrid Xundan 20(XD20), lodging-resistant hybrid Denghai 605(DH605) showed a lower center of gravity and culm morphological characteristics that contributed to the higher lodging resistance of this hybrid. Lignin content, activities of key lignin synthesis-related enzymes and G-, S-and H-type monomer contents were significantly higher in hybrid DH605 than in hybrid XD20. Stalk mechanical strength, lignin accumulation and enzyme activity decreased significantly with increasing planting density in the two hybrids. While G-type monomers first decreased with increasing planting density but then remained stable, S-type monomers showed a decreasing trend, and H-type monomers showed an increasing trend. Correlation analysis showed that lodging rate was significantly correlated with plant traits and lignin metabolism. Therefore, maize hybrids characterized by high lignin accumulation, high lignin synthesis-related activities, high S-type monomer content, low center of gravity, high stem puncture strength, high cortical thickness, and small vascular bundle area are more resistant to lodging. High planting densities reduce stalk lignin accumulation, relevant enzyme activities and mechanical strength, thereby, ultimately increasing the lodging rate significantly. 相似文献