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文章综述了铁的生物学功能以及铁对动物健康、生理生化指标、生产性能和饲料利用等的影响;论述了动物对铁的吸收、储存和动用以及影响铁吸收利用率和饲粮中铁添加量的因素;介绍了动物铁缺乏与过量的后果;提出用营养经济生态安全的理念科学应用铁源性饲料添加剂。 相似文献
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<正>铁元素是血红蛋白、肌红蛋白中不可缺少的成分,如果动物饲料中缺少铁元素,则会引起动物缺铁性贫血。目前,国内一般是采取饲料中添加硫酸亚铁来解决此问题的,但是无机盐形式的添加容易与日粮中的植酸、草酸、单宁和多酚类化合物形成难溶的盐类,降低铁的吸收利用。随着对铁代谢研究的深入,研 相似文献
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微量元素铁在猪生产中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
铁是动物体内所必需的微量元素之一。常规饲料中的含铁量能够满足动物机体的需求,但畜牧业生产中使用的饲粮主要为植物性原料,其中所含的铁主要是非血红素铁。动物机体对非血红素铁的吸收容易受到植酸、铜、锌、日粮纤维以及单宁等抗营养因子的影响,导致动物对铁的利用率降低。近年来,生物基因工程技术在育种上得以广泛应用,使得动物的生长性能、繁殖性能等指标得到极大的改善,动物对饲粮中添加剂的营养功能要求也更加全面。文章主要对微量元素铁的营养代谢功能以及在猪生产中的应用进行简单介绍。 相似文献
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甘氨酸亚铁的合成和结构表征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
前言铁是血红蛋白、肌红蛋白和多种酶系的重要组成成分,在体内起着营养、免疫等重要作用,它是畜禽所必需的重要微量元素之一。铁添加剂的发展经历的3个阶段,第一代为无机盐类,如硫酸亚铁、碳酸亚铁等;第二代产品为一些简单的有机化合物如柠檬酸亚铁,富马酸亚铁等;第三代为氨基酸络合铁,如甘氨酸铁。前两类产品均存在其应用弊端,无机盐类不仅吸收利用率差,而且容易造成环境污染、资源浪费、影响饲料中其他活性营养物质的吸收利用。而简单的有机化合物亦仍然难以克服吸收利用率低的缺陷,不能充分满足动物体生长的需要。因此,半个世纪以来,动物… 相似文献
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影响猪鸡饲科中矿物元素利用的抗营养因子青海畜牧兽医学院周韶动物矿物质营养状况与饲料中矿物元素的含量及通过消化道时被吸收利用的程度戚戚相关。影响动物矿物元素吸收利用的因素很多，本文就猪鸡饲料中能降低矿物元素利用的一些抗营养因子作一概述。１植酸（Ｐｈｙｔ... 相似文献
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饲料中富含维生素C、B等还原剂性的物质、动物性蛋白质、组氨酸、赖氨酸、半胱氨酸等时，可以提高Fe的吸收利用率。某些有机酸，如饲料中的草酸、植酸及过量的磷酸盐等，能与Fe形成不溶性铁盐，均可阻碍铁的吸收和利用。饲料中的棉酚和高浓度的Zn、Mn、I、Cu存在时，也可降低Fe的吸收利用率。影响猪对铁剂吸收利用的因素@胡志国$山东荷泽粮油集团饲料公司!274000 相似文献
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新型饲料添加剂--碱式氯化铜 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正>铜源有硫酸铜、碳酸铜、氯化铜等,在生产饲料时人们通常使用五水硫酸铜。但硫酸铜在使用过程中存在许多缺陷:①水溶性高,极易受潮结块,腐蚀加工与生产设备;②氧化作用强,加速饲料中维生素的破坏和导致脂肪酸败;③吸收利用率低,对铁、锌的吸收利用有拮抗作用:④反刍动物吸收利用更低,草料中的 相似文献
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(一)小肽(寡肽)小肽是由2个以上的氨基酸彼此以肽键相互连接的化合物。研究发现,这些肽类物质可促进水产动物的摄食,强化氨基酸的吸收,提高蛋白质的利用与合成;增强水产动物的免疫力,提高其成活率;促进矿物质的吸收利用,减少水产动物畸形率;提高水产动物的饲料转化率和生产性能,是一种绿色饲料添加剂。在甲鱼饲料中添加肽大素(剂量为350毫克/ 相似文献
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抗营养因子存在于饲料中,抗营养因子阻碍动物吸收饲料中的营养成分,进而导致动物体出现病变,对动物繁殖性能和生长产生影响。因此,必须要将饲料中的抗营养因子消除,保证饲料中的营养成分被有效利用,降低养殖的生产成本。下面,笔者就浅谈饲料中抗营养因子的危害作用及消除方法。 相似文献
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Iron is essential for the organism. In ionized forms (Fe++, Fe ), it constitutes an integrated part of a lot of different functional proteins (Figure 1). The most important functions are participation in oxygen transport in blood, oxygen storage in muscle tissues and oxidation of nutrients in the mitochondria. Iron is an essential part of cytochrome C and alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase, and early stages of iron deficiency may, therefore, cause disturbances in tissue metabolism before development of anaemia. Thus, haemoglobin determinations is not very suitable for diagnosing early iron deficiency. The content of iron in roughages, apart from root crops (Table II), is usually sufficient to cover the requirement of domestic animals (Table III), which is met by about 50 mg per kg feed dry matter. Iron deficiency is very often caused by a reduced absorption in the intestinal tract because of components in the feed forming complexes with iron of very low solubility or inhibitors reducing the absorption processes. The immune status of the organism and its resistance against infections depends on the iron supply. Iron deficiency inhibits the myeloperoxidase activity and thus decreases the bacteriocide effect of the leucocytes. In spite of this, when exposed to infections the physiological mechanisms reduce the blood concentration of available iron. By this mode of action, invading pathogens, needing iron like the host animals, will be restrained. The low content of iron in milk (Table II) combined with a high content of iron binding lactoferrin, is ideal to protect newborn and milk fed young animals against intestinal infections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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氨基酸铁在大鼠小肠中的吸收及组织中沉积研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本试验用50日龄Wistar纯系雄性大鼠,采用体内原位结扎肠段灌注技术和放射性同位素示踪技术,研究了氯基酸螯合铁(以赖氨酸螯合铁和甘氨酸螯合铁为代表)的吸收特点。试验中观察了向结扎肠段灌注含不同形态铁的吸收液后,不同时间点(5、15、30、60、90、120分钟)血液中59Fe比放射性的动态变化;120分钟(试验结束)时不同组织器官中59Fe的放射性大小和总铁含量以及主要血液学指标的变化。试验结果表明:①赖氨酸和甘氨酸都能促进大鼠对铁的吸收。②与相应摩尔浓度的氨基酸与氯化亚铁的混合物相比,赖氨酸螯合铁和甘氨酸螯合铁能更有效地被大鼠吸收。综合分析本试验结果认为,氨基酸螯合铁都是一种优秀的铁添加剂。从本试验结果看,放射性同位素示踪技术结合结扎十二指肠段灌注技术不失为一种研究动物对微量元素吸收情况的理想试验手段。 相似文献
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相同EAA模式下不同日粮蛋白水平对草鱼肌肉、肝胰脏蛋白周转代谢的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在日粮必需氨基酸模式相同条件下 ,研究不同日粮蛋白水平对草鱼肌肉、肝胰脏蛋白质周转代谢的影响。其中周转代谢参数包括 :蛋白质的合成速率 (FSR)、降解速率 (FDR)、生长速率 (FGR)、合成能力 (CS)、合成的翻译效率 (KRNA)和蛋白质沉积效率 (PRE)。试验结果表明 :1.日粮蛋白水平的增加促进了草鱼的生长 ,促进了肌肉、肝胰脏蛋白质的增长。饲料转化效率和肌肉蛋白质沉积效率在适宜蛋白水平时最高。2.肌肉FSR、FDR与日粮蛋白水平呈正相关关系 ;肝胰脏蛋白FSR不受日粮蛋白水平的影响 ,蛋白质FDR与日粮蛋白水平呈负相关关系。3.肌肉蛋白FGR的增加归因于蛋白质合成的增长较降解的增长更占优势 ,以及蛋白质合成的KRNA 的提高 ;肝胰脏蛋白FGR的增加归因于蛋白质降解的减少。4.肌肉、肝胰脏蛋白CS不受日粮蛋白水平的影响。5.肌肉PRE(生长占合成的比例 )在适宜蛋白质水平 (30 % )时最高 ,而且在该水平下饲料系数最低 ,即饲料转化率最高 相似文献
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B R Weeks J E Smith C K Stadler 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,196(5):749-753
Eighteen 9- to 10-week old Beagles were fed casein-based diets (4,710 kcal of metabolizable energy/kg of body weight) containing either 12, 80, or 160 mg of iron/kg of diet. Growth and feed consumption were monitored throughout the 47-day study. Hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), RBC numbers, erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) concentration, serum iron concentration, serum total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and serum ferritin concentration were determined weekly. Growth rate and feed efficiency were not significantly influenced by dietary iron content. At 14 days, Hb concentration, Hct, MCV, MCH, RBC numbers, and serum iron concentration were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in dogs fed the 12 mg/kg diet, and remained significantly low for the remainder of the study. Erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentration increased significantly (P less than 0.05) by 14 days in dogs fed the basal diet, and remained significantly high relative to that in dogs of the other dietary groups for the remainder of the study. Serum ferritin concentration decreased in dogs of the group fed the basal diet, with a significant (P less than 0.05) difference beyond day 42. Differences in Hct, MCH, MCV, or hemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin, or EP concentration were not found between groups fed 80 and 160 mg of iron/kg of diet. Liver nonheme iron content was significantly (P less than 0.05) affected by dietary iron content. 相似文献
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B. Bergsjø W. Langseth I. Nafstad J. Høgset Jansen H. J. S. Larsen 《Veterinary research communications》1993,17(4):283-294
A feeding trial with naturally deoxynivalenol (DON)-contaminated oats included in feed mixtures at graded levels was conducted in growing pigs. The DON concentrations were 0, 0.7, 1.7, and 3.5 mg/kg of complete feed mixture givenad libitum to different groups. The data recorded were feed consumption, body weight gain, slaughter weight, biochemical and haematological data including serum immunoglobulin A, clinical condition and post-mortem pathology including histopathology.Significantly decreasing body weight gain throughout the experimental period, decreased slaughter weight and reduced feed utilization efficiency were observed for the group fed a diet containing 3.5 mg/kg of DON. At the same DON concentration, there were increased liver weights and decreased concentrations of serum protein and albumin, and a temporary fall in packed blood cell volume, serum calcium and serum phosphorus. For the groups fed diets containing 1.7 and 3.5 mg/kg of DON, a statistically significant, dose-related decrease in daily feed consumption was observed. No other effects on haematological, biochemical or immunological parameters were recorded. The carcass quality was not affected in any group.It was concluded that significant effects in growing pigs may be observed at a dietary DON concentration of 1.7 mg/kg, originating from naturally contaminated oats included in a diet that was otherwise adequate and contained only minor traces of other mycotoxins.Abbreviations ALAT
alanine aminotransferase
- ASAT
aspartate aminotransferase
- CFU
colony-forming units
- DON
deoxynivalenol
- 3-ac-DON
3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol
- F.U.
feed unit
- FUS-X
fusarenon-X
- HPLC
high-pressure liquid chromatography
- IgA
immunoglobulin A
- NFSA
nutrient-free sporulation agar
- NIV
nivalenol
- PDA
potato dextrose agar 相似文献