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《中国兽医学报》2019,(11):2195-2199
为同时检测奶牛源金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌和绿脓杆菌,本试验根据GenBank中3种病原菌的nuc、ef-tu和eta基因保守序列分别合成了3对特异性引物,通过对反应条件、反应体系优化,建立了多重PCR检测方法。特异性试验结果表明,该方法与大肠杆菌、克雷伯杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、巴氏杆菌无交叉反应,敏感性试验结果表明,多重PCR检测方法对金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌和绿脓杆菌的检出限为10~(-3) mg/L。应用该方法对150份临床样品进行检测,结果金黄色葡萄球菌与无乳链球菌混合感染检出率为28.7%(43/150),金黄色葡萄球菌与绿脓杆菌混合感染检出率为14%(21/150),无乳链球菌与绿脓杆菌混合感染检出率为11.3%(17/150),3种菌混合感染检出率为6%(9/150)。应用多重PCR检测结果与分离培养诊断方法结果进行比较,均能检测出样品中的病原菌,2种检测方法的总符合率分别为金黄色葡萄球菌92.6%,无乳链球菌91.3%,绿脓杆菌94.6%。该检测方法对奶牛乳房炎的防控、临床监测及疾病诊治具有重要意义。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2020,(11)
为同时检测大肠杆菌、无乳链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌,提高对奶牛乳房炎的诊断率,本试验针对3种病原菌的保守序列设计合成了3套特异性引物,通过优化PCR反应体系和反应条件,建立了多重Taq-Man荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果显示,该检测方法具有高特异性,与肠炎沙门菌、肺炎克雷伯菌及鲍曼不动杆菌等无交叉反应;大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和无乳链球菌的最低检测浓度分别为10~(3 )、10~2和10~(4 )拷贝数/μL,敏感度较高。DNA各个拷贝数浓度的变异系数均低于2.02%,表明重复性良好。对24份临床采集奶样的检测结果表明,建立的多重Taq-Man荧光定量PCR检测方法可用于临床大肠杆菌、无乳链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌感染引起的奶牛乳房炎的检测,具有良好的推广应用价值。 相似文献
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苦豆子生物碱对奶牛乳房炎致病菌体外抗菌活性的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为进一步研究苦豆子生物碱对奶牛乳房炎致病菌的体外抗菌活性,选取金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和无乳链球菌三种奶牛乳腺炎病原菌,采用苦豆子总碱、氧化苦参碱、氧化槐定碱、槐定碱等4种苦豆子生物碱进行药物敏感度试验,以试管二倍稀释法测定其最小抑菌浓度(MIC).结果表明:苦豆子总碱与槐定碱对引起奶牛乳腺炎的三种病原菌金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌及大肠杆菌均有相似的抑菌活性,其中最为敏感的为无乳链球菌,MIC为3.125 ～ 6.25 mg/mL,其次为大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌,MIC为6.25 ～ 12.5 mg/mL.氧化苦参碱与氧化槐定碱表现较弱的抑菌活性.研究为苦豆子生物碱用于奶牛乳房炎的预防与治疗提供了依据. 相似文献
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采集具有临床型乳腺炎奶牛的奶样,经细菌的分离培养、纯培养和生化试验,以确定奶牛临床型乳腺炎的致病菌种类。结果发现患临床型乳腺炎奶牛的致病菌和占分离菌株的百分率为:腐生葡萄球菌19.7%、金黄色葡萄球菌16.5%、兽疫链球菌17.3%、停乳链球菌9.4%、乳房链球菌3.9%、无乳链球菌1.6%、产气肠杆菌17.3%、聚团肠杆菌4.7%、奇异变形杆菌3.0%、大肠杆菌3.0%、蜡样芽胞杆菌3.0%,样品中单纯感染与混合感染的百分率分别为66.0%和27.8%。 相似文献
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上海地区奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
为了获得上海地区奶牛乳房炎病原菌及其药物敏感性的系统资料并为指导临床合理用药和提高奶牛乳房炎防治效果提供理论依据,本研究对在上海郊区4个奶牛场采集的临床型和隐性乳房炎患牛的126份奶样进行细菌培养、分离鉴定和药敏试验.共分离到萄葡球菌,无乳链球菌,大肠杆菌3种主要病原菌107株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌74株,占分离菌株的69.16%;无乳链球菌27株,占分离菌株的25.23%;病原菌单独感染率为48.78%,其中金黄色葡萄球菌的单独感染率达39.02%;病原菌混合感染率占51.22%,多为金黄色葡萄球菌和无乳链球菌混合感染.主要病原菌对头孢拉定、环丙沙星、庆大霉素敏感,对大多数抗菌素产生了不同程度的耐药性,对氨苄青霉素产生了完全耐药性. 相似文献
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A 31-year record-based retrospective study was carried out to determine the aetiology and temporal distribution of bovine clinical mastitis in smallholder dairy herds in the Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania over the period November 1971-December 2002. Laboratory information on 1964 quarter samples from 1365 cows in 281 smallholder dairy herds were retrieved, compiled and studied. Eighty-eight percent of the quarter samples were culture-positive and the predominant mastitis pathogens isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (25.7%), Streptococcus agalactiae (15.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.3%) and Escherichia coli (14.1%). Other isolates included Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.5%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (5.2%) and Streptococcus uberis (4.2%). Contagious mastitis pathogens were isolated from 45.6% of the culture-positive samples, whereas environmental and miscellaneous pathogens were isolated from 48.2% and 5.7%, respectively. Thirty percent of the miscellaneous mastitis pathogens were Candida species. The results demonstrate a steady increase in clinical Candida albicans mastitis. The prevalence of Candida albicans has increased from 1% in 1971 to 17.0% in November 2002. Conversely, despite some fluctuations, the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, E. coli and K. pneumoniae remain above 10%. The possible risk factors for these observations are discussed. 相似文献
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选用紫锥菊、金银花、连翘、紫苏、杜仲叶、黄芪、甘草7 味中药,分别采用75%乙醇回流法提取2 次,浓缩至每毫升含1 g生药,采用试管二倍稀释法测定其对奶牛乳房炎的3 种主要致病菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。体外抑菌结果显示：以金银花和甘草对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌效果最强,MIC值均为15.63 mg/mL,MBC值均为31.25 mg/mL;紫锥菊对大肠杆菌的效果最强,MIC值为15.63 mg/mL,MBC值为31.25 mg/mL;金银花和连翘对无乳链球菌抑菌效果最强,MIC值均为31.25 mg/mL,MBC值均为62.50 mg/mL。结果表明：所选中药金银花和甘草对金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制作用;紫锥菊对大肠杆菌具有抑制作用;金银花和连翘对无乳链球菌具有抑制作用。 相似文献
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Gianneechini R Concha C Rivero R Delucci I Moreno López J 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2002,43(4):221-230
Twenty-nine dairy farms were selected to determine the incidence of clinical mastitis, prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis and bacterial aetiology in the West Littoral Region of Uruguay. In samples taken by the owner and frozen at -20 degrees C during a week the incidence rate of clinical mastitis was determined as 1.2 cases per 100 cow-months at risk. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolated pathogen in 37.5% of 40 milk samples from clinical cases obtained in 1 month. No bacteria grew in the 32.5% of the total samples. A sub-sample including 1077 dairy cows from randomly selected farms was used to determine the prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis. These samples were taken on one visit to each farm. The prevalence was 52.4% on a cow basis and 26.7% on an udder quarter basis. In 55.1% of the quarters of the selected animals with more than 300,000 cells/ml there was no growth. The isolated pathogens from sub-clinical cases and their relative frequencies were: Staphylococcus aureus 62.8%, Streptococcus agalactiae 11.3%, Enterococcus sp. 8%, coagulase-negative staphylococci 7.4%, Streptococus uberis 6.4%, Streptococcus dysgalactiae 1.8%, Escherichia coli 1.5% and Staphylococcus hyicus coagulase-positive 0.6%. 相似文献
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对山东省济南、泰安和临沂等地区5个奶牛场的160份乳样进行了临床型乳腺炎和隐性乳腺炎的判定检测,并进行了主要致病菌的分离鉴定。结果表明,160份乳样中有127份呈乳腺炎阳性,其中临床型乳腺炎占36．22％,隐性乳腺炎占63．78％;从这些乳样中分离到了主要致病菌金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和无乳链球菌,金黄色葡萄球菌依据溶血型的不同主要有α溶血、β溶血、α＋β溶血和不溶血四种;大肠杆菌依据O抗原诊断血清得出主要有02、021、076和088这四种型;无乳链球菌依据溶血型主要为β溶血型。 相似文献
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A total of 1140 clinical cases of mastitis, with at least one inflamed quarter, were reported on 125 farms with somatic cell counts in bulk milk less than 150,000/ml. The average annual incidence was 17.9 cases per 100 cows and ranged from none to 80 cases per 100 cows. The microorganisms most frequently isolated were Escherichia coli (16.2 per cent), coagulase negative staphylococci (13.0 per cent), Staphylococcus aureus (9.6 per cent) and Streptococcus uberis (8.0 per cent). Only two cases of Streptococcus agalactiae were found. As the incidence of clinical mastitis increased, the proportion of S aureus also increased, while the proportions of E coli, S uberis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae remained about the same. Most of the clinical cases of mastitis occurred in early lactation, in November, December and January. However, after correction for the number of calvings per month, the incidence of mastitis was highest in the early summer months. 相似文献
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R L Boddie J L Watts S C Nickerson 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,196(6):890-893
The activity of a 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate postmilking teat germicide in reducing the numbers of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae on the skin of excised teats from cows was determined. The product yielded logarithmic reductions of 4.09 and 4.10 against S aureus and Str agalactiae, respectively, compared with 3.80 and 3.81 reductions, using a 1% iodophor dip. Germicide tolerance to an organic load containing Serratia marcescens or Pseudomonas spp was also determined. Organisms were not recovered from the product 8 hours after introduction of a simulated organic load containing either species of bacteria. The germicide was further evaluated against S aureus and Str agalactiae, using experimental challenge-exposure procedures in a research dairy herd. Efficacy was 73.4% (P less than 0.001) against S aureus and 68.1% (P less than 0.005) against Str agalactiae. 相似文献
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J C Anderson 《Veterinary pathology》1978,15(6):770-775
The possibility of adherence of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli or Streptococcus agalactiae to the epithelium of the mammary gland was investigated by inoculating them into this gland of mice. S. aureus, S. epidermidis and E. coli did not adhere to alveolar epithelium in suckling or non-suckling mice. S. agalactiae adhered to alveolar epithelium in non-suckling mice but adhesion was not sufficiently strong to withstand suckling. Bacterial adherence probably does not play a significant role in the establishment of mastitis by these organisms. 相似文献