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1.
对贵州中部喀斯特山区不同土地利用方式(阔叶林地、灌木林地、灌丛草地、耕地)对土壤、地表径流和浅层地下水进行采样与分析。结果表明,在喀斯特山区土地利用模式从阔叶林地—灌木林地—灌丛草地方向的演变过程中,土壤有机质、速效氮磷钾、交换性钙镁含量出现明显的下降,粘粒含量增加,土壤质量出现退化,耕地有机质含量明显低于林地和草地;耕地地表径流中SO42-,NH4 ,PO43-,COD均显著高于林地和草地;浅层地下水的SO42-,NH4 ,NO3-,PO43-,COD也显著增加;土地利用由林地变为耕地后,地下水质量出现一定程度的下降。  相似文献   

2.
选择贵州中部喀斯特山区普定县猫洞小流域,对长期受不同农作行为影响的区域（低复种旱作区、高复种旱作区、高复种复合农作区）土壤和浅层地下水进行采样和分析。结果表明,不同农作区浅层地下水化学组分明显不同,从低复种指数的旱作区、高复种指数的旱作区到高复种指数的复合农作区,浅层地下水中的NO3^-、NH4^＋、PO4^3-、高锰酸钾指数和SO2^4-的含量依次增大,呈显著上升趋势,在高复种指数农作区浅层地下水中氮磷含量更高;在浅层地下水中,NO3^-含量受土壤有机质、腐植酸、全氮和碱解氮的影响最大,PO4^3-含量受土壤全磷、碱解氮、CEC的直接影响大;Cl^-对浅层地下水影响不明显。不同农作方式对地下水的NO3^-、NH4^＋、高锰酸钾指数的贡献存在差异,可见喀斯特特殊的双重水文结构使水环境质量易受土壤质量等环境因素影响,特别是浅层地下水更易受到污染。  相似文献   

3.
通过对贵州中部喀斯特地区进行植被调查以及土壤和径流样品的分析，探讨石漠化过程中植被演替及其对径流水化学组成的影响。结果表明：喀斯特石漠化后，土壤出现粘质化，有机质含量急剧下降，土壤毛管孔隙度下降，干旱季节表层和次表层土壤的含水量明显减少，改变了生态系统的水分运动规律。喀斯特地表径流中离子浓度的大小排序为HCO3^-＞SO4^2-＞Ca2^2＋＞Mg^2＋＞K^＋、NO3^-、Cl^-＞Na^＋＞NH4^＋＞PO4^3-，地表径流水化学类型以HCO3-Ca型为主；随着石漠化程度的增加，地表径流中PO4^3-输出量明显增加，其次是Ca^2＋、NO3^-，这部分养分的流失造成土壤养分水平下降，同时影响受纳水体的环境质量。地下径流离子组成与地表径流总体相似，但HCO3^-、Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋的含量高于地表径流，而K^＋、NH4^＋的含量低于地表径流；石漠化发生后，地下径流中HCO3^-、Mg^2＋浓度明显减少，岩溶作用减弱，而NH4^＋、NO3^-浓度明显增加，对地下水质产生一定的影响。  相似文献   

4.
泥石流多发区小流域土地利用方式对土壤性质的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
以泥石流多发区云南东川阿旺小河流域为研究区域,采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,探讨了流域内4种主要土地利用方式(林地、灌丛、草地、耕地)对土壤物理性质、抗冲能力、养分特征的影响。结果表明:不同土地利用类型土壤颗粒级配组成差异不明显,土壤含水量、容重、总孔隙度差异明显;含水量表现为林地草地灌丛耕地,容重表现为灌丛草地耕地林地,孔隙度表现为林地耕地草地灌丛;4种土地利用类型的抗冲性能不同,但变化趋势相似,并且抗冲系数的大小为林地草地灌丛耕地;在土壤养分的7种指标中,除水解氮含量在不同利用类型差异不显著外,其余指标有显著差异;从土壤物理性质与养分特征的相关分析中可知,含水量与其他因子的关系最为密切。通过以上分析可知,林地的蓄水保土效益最佳,而耕地的蓄水保土效益最差。  相似文献   

5.
以贵州中部普定县后寨河喀斯特流域为研究对象,采集林区、农区、村寨居民区、城镇居民区常年流出的泉水进行化学分析,探讨城镇化对喀斯特山区浅层地下水氮磷含量的影响及水质的变化。结果表明,调查区内浅层地下水中NO3-浓度变化范围在1.18～43.6 mg/L,NH4+浓度变化范围在0.017～0.290mg/L,其中村寨居民区浅层地下水中NO3-,NH4+含量达Ⅲ类水质标准,城镇居民区NH4+含量超过Ⅲ类水质标准;总磷含量变化范围在0.012～0.682mg/L,城镇居民区、村寨居民区总磷含量超过直接影响水质的限值。喀斯特山区城镇化造成地下水氮、磷含量增加,从而明显影响地下水的质量。  相似文献   

6.
[目的]探究人为干预下喀斯特峡谷区不同土地利用类型对土壤理化性质的影响,为岩溶山区的生态环境保护和可持续发展提供科学依据。[方法]以贵州省花江喀斯峡谷示范区生态系统土壤为研究区,选取典型喀斯特石漠化治理区域进行野外定点取样,通过室内分析的方法进行不同土地利用石漠化地区土壤理化性质比较研究。[结果](1)土壤含水量随着土层深度的增加递增,土壤含水量大小依次为:封山育林径流场坡改梯自然灌丛撂荒地,形成土壤水分的垂直变化;(2)经过改良后坡改梯通过种植花椒的田间持水量明显比草地含量高,相对于进行石漠化治理并合理耕作的坡改梯花椒地来说,荒草地的持水能力明显下降;(3)石漠化环境下土壤颗粒分散、土体结构破坏,土壤通透能力下降,孔隙的变化规律为:林地坡改梯灌草丛耕地撂荒地;(4)示范区土壤总钾偏高,与pH值呈正相关,总氮普遍低于全国农田氮含量,土壤养分不足。[结论]不同土地利用条件下土壤特征有显著差异,这种差异是基于不同石漠化等级下不同土地利用的治理措施造成的。花江示范区土壤持水效益低,土壤养分不足,不利于耕作,农业产量不高,建议花江示范区应减少耕地,多种植经济林和草地,保护天然林地。  相似文献   

7.
贵州喀斯特山区土壤物理性质对土壤侵蚀的影响   总被引：34，自引：1，他引：34  
徐燕  龙健 《水土保持学报》2005,19(1):157-159,175
对贵州喀斯特山区在不同土地利用方式下土壤主要物理性质对土壤侵蚀的影响进行了研究。结果表明:土壤物理性质是影响土壤侵蚀和土壤抗蚀性能的内在因素。贵州喀斯特山区土壤表现出明显的粗骨性土壤特征。不同土地利用方式下土壤物理性质具有明显的差异,林地、草地和台耕地的土壤物理性状良好,缓解了土壤侵蚀的发生发展,能有效地发挥保持水土的作用;大面积农耕坡地和裸坡地的土壤物理性状极差,促进了山区土壤侵蚀的发生发展,是引起土壤侵蚀的主要因素。喀斯特山区不同土地利用类型的土壤抗蚀能力依次为台耕地>林地、草地>坡耕地、裸坡地。  相似文献   

8.
  目的  探究半干旱榆神府矿区采煤塌陷地不同土地利用类型地表土壤损害程度和机理。  方法  选择榆神府矿区黄土沟壑地貌下林地、耕地、园地和草地4种不同土地利用类型,分析地表塌陷前后土壤物理、化学和生物学性质的变化特征,通过主成分分析和排序探讨采煤塌陷对不同土地利用类型土壤性质的影响。  结果  4种土地利用类型地表塌陷1 ~ 2年内土壤性质均朝着水分、养分减小的方向发展,但不同土地利用类型塌陷地土壤损害特征具有明显差异,其中草地的土壤机械组成和养分含量、林地的速效养分特征、园地的砂粒含量各自变化较显著;土壤机械组成、有机质和水分含量是影响榆神府矿区土壤质量变化的关键因子;在矿区损害地土壤系统修复过程中,除必要的塌陷地充填外,草地还需采取人工施肥、补水和微地形改造等措施,林地还需施加氮磷肥辅以相应的微生物菌剂,园地和耕地损害较小可减小人工干预。  结论  半干旱或干旱区煤炭开采塌陷地在生态修复过程中,针对不同土地利用类型土壤损害程度与成因采取对应的恢复措施,有利于矿区生态环境高效和高质量恢复。  相似文献   

9.
许路艳  王嘉学  余洁芳  王浩瀚 《土壤》2015,47(5):947-952
山原红壤是云贵高原广泛发育的一种地带性古土壤,近年来退化严重,为了解山原红壤退化过程,采用"以空间换时间"的思路,对云贵高原山原红壤区同一区域林地、灌丛、草地和裸地土壤剖面养分含量进行对比分析。结果表明:从能生长植被的山原红壤至多年难以生长植被的"红裸土",土体平均有机质含量呈灌丛草地林地裸地的变化趋势;灌丛和草地土壤有机质含量随剖面深度递增而降低,裸地和林地土壤削面有机质含量没有明显的垂直变化规律;与有植被覆盖的各土体相比裸地的硝态氮、铵态氮和速效钾剖面含量具有特殊性,硝态氮含量随剖面深度的递增明显减小,铵态氮含量随剖面深度的递增而增大;随着植被的退化,土壤有机质与养分的相关性大致呈减弱趋势,灌丛的土壤有机质与养分的相关性最强,裸地土壤有机质与养分相关性最弱。  相似文献   

10.
喀斯特山地典型植被恢复过程中的土壤水分生态效应   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
研究了喀斯特山区耕地、1年弃耕地、灌草地、15年疏林地、25年次生林(侧柏)地植被演替过程中土壤水分生态效应的变化.结果表明,土壤物理性质并不是简单的"改善"过程:表层粘粒含量由流失逐渐转为积累;容重先升高后降低,弃耕地和灌草地较耕地增加了6.6%和11.57%,疏林地和林地较耕地减少了5.0%和10.0%;总孔隙度变化趋势与容重刚好相反;土壤有效水含量以灌草地最低;各恢复阶段表层>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量较耕地的增幅为5.1%～12.5%,疏林地最高;团聚体破坏率随演替的进行依次降低,较耕地降幅为34.0%～64.7%,且与有机质呈显著负相关;土壤持水能力以林地和弃耕地最好,灌草地最差,耕地接近于疏林地,土壤供水能力强弱依次为耕地>疏林地>林地>灌草地>弃耕地,土壤持水和供水能力并不一致,但都与粘粒含量、孔隙状况和团聚体稳定性等土壤结构指标密切相关.  相似文献   

11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。  相似文献   

12.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.  相似文献   

13.
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,  相似文献   

14.
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.  相似文献   

15.
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.  相似文献   

16.
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.  相似文献   

18.
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.  相似文献   

19.
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells.  相似文献   

20.
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB; the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants, no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi, enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant. In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after 30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it.  相似文献   

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