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1.
肠球菌是人类和动物肠道正常菌群的一部分,以往认为肠球菌是对人类无害的共栖菌,但近年来研究已证实了肠球菌的致病力。在需氧革兰氏阳性球菌中,它是仅次于葡萄球菌的重要院内感染致病菌〔1〕,肠球菌亦可引起院外感染。所致的疾病包括泌尿道感染、肺部感染、术后感染、心内膜炎、胆囊炎、腹膜炎、败血症、脑炎等,已成为院内感染的第二位主要原因〔2,3〕。由于其固有耐药性,所致感染治疗困难,肠球菌成为当今国外医学界研究的热点。本次实验,对绵羊不同来源的肠球菌(致病菌与健康动物分离菌)进行部分生物学特性的研究,比较致病菌与正常菌群在… 相似文献
2.
肠球菌(Enterococcus)是人和动物肠道的正常菌群,通常不引起发病,为一种重要的机会致病菌.最近几年,由于免疫制剂的广泛使用,侵入性治疗机会的增加和抗生素的过渡使用,尤其是第3代头孢菌素的广泛应用,使得肠球菌的感染不断上升,成为医院内感染的主要致病菌.肠球菌致病机制与其致病岛编码的毒力因子表面蛋白、溶血素、蛋白明胶酶等有关,肠球菌致病机理不是由单一毒力因子所决定,而是多种毒力因子共同作用的结果.文章综述了肠球菌的各种潜在毒力因子的生物特性及其与致病性的关系,为预防和控制肠球菌感染提供参考. 相似文献
3.
屎肠球菌属于肠球菌属中的一类,肠球菌是一种重要的条件致病菌,目前已发现的肠球菌种已经增至近32种,常见的是粪肠球菌（E.faecalis）、屎肠球菌（E.faecium）、鸟肠球菌（E.avium）、坚韧肠球菌（E.durans）等,其中具有临床意义的主要是粪肠球菌与屎肠球菌.肠球菌在动物和人的肠道中属于正常存在的菌群,但是异位寄生于各器官时也会引起相应的感染.肠球菌属中的粪肠球菌（旧称粪链球菌）以及屎肠球菌（旧称屎链球菌）一般情况下没有致病性,并且多年来一直用于微生态制剂加以利用,主要配合益生菌制成,可以替代抗生素预防和治疗动物的一些消化道疾病.但是粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌的某些菌株以及肠球菌的某些成员与动物致病性有关,如禽肠球菌（E.avium）、粪肠球菌（E.facalis）、屎肠球菌（E.faecium）、鸡肠球菌（E.gallinarum）.肠球菌可以感染各种年龄阶段的禽,其中屎肠球菌临床上能引起禽的败血症.屎肠球菌在鸡的饲养环境中也普遍存在,能够引起各种日龄的鸡发病[5].本次屎肠球菌感染鸽主要表现为精神沉郁、食欲下降、机体消瘦、腹泻、零星死亡,可初步断定为慢性感染的表现形式. 相似文献
4.
肠球菌(Enterococcus)是革兰阳性、过氧化氢酶阴性球菌,是人和动物肠道内主要常存菌群.该菌可引起群体致病和医院交叉感染,临床上表现为尿路感染、菌血症、心内膜炎等,加之许多报道显示肠球菌对多种抗生素都有耐药性和具有较强的致病性,因此越来越受到人们的关注.论文从生物学特性、毒力因子、耐药性、流行病学、临床检测等方... 相似文献
5.
肠球菌是人或动物肠道中的正常菌群。近年来在医学和兽医临床中肠球菌的感染已引起广泛关注。肠球菌除了具有特殊的耐药机制外,还拥有众多的毒力因子。本试验就目前已发现的肠球菌重要毒力因子作一综述。 相似文献
6.
旨在调查和分析广东省养禽场肠球菌的亚型屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌耐药性及其毒力因子流行分布特征,为控制禽源肠球菌耐药性传播、保障公共卫生安全提供理论依据。作者于2018年从广东省4个养禽场采集肠道样品493份,进行屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌的分离鉴定;采用琼脂二倍稀释法测定肠球菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）;PCR方法检测肠球菌的耐药基因和毒力基因。结果显示：1）共分离到125株肠球菌,其中粪肠球菌84株（鸡源66株,鸭源18株）;屎肠球菌41株,均来自鸡肠道样本。2）菌株对四环素、多西环素、红霉素几乎全部耐药,对氟苯尼考和氯霉素的耐药率高达89.60%和74.40%。屎肠球菌耐药率普遍高于粪肠球菌,而粪肠球菌对环丙沙星和利奈唑胺的耐药率高于屎肠球菌;鸭源粪肠球菌对利奈唑胺的耐药率（94%）显著高于鸡源粪肠球菌（39.4%）,屎肠球菌对利奈唑胺均敏感。从鸡分离的1株粪肠球菌对万古霉素耐药。3）耐药基因在屎肠球菌中的检出率高于粪肠球菌,鸭源分离株检出率高于鸡源。耐药基因 tetL、fexA、ermB最为流行,检出率均高于90%。其次是 optrA基因,检出率为73.60%, poxtA和 fexB的检出率均低于20%。在3株鸭源粪肠球菌中检测出 cfr基因。4）已检测的毒力基因中 efaA的携带率最高,为63.04%（58/92）,其他依次为 gelE（54.35%,50/92）、 ace（47.83%,44/92）、 asa1（44.57%,41/92）。对环丙沙星及高浓度氨基糖苷类耐药的菌株及携带 cfr基因的菌株,大多携带 agg、asal、gelE或 ace。本研究显示养殖场禽源肠球菌耐药严重,鸭源肠球菌对利奈唑胺耐药率高,耐药基因和毒力基因流行且多样,且检测出人医临床重要抗生素耐药基因,应加强对养禽场肠球菌耐药性监测。 相似文献
7.
肠球菌属(Enterococci)是乳酸菌中对营养要求不高、兼性厌氧、容易培养、分布广泛的一类革兰阳性球菌.肠球菌广泛应用于乳制品加工、蔬菜及肉制品的发酵工艺中.肠球菌在生长繁殖过程中除产生乳酸、乙酸等有机酸外,还能产生多种具有抑菌或杀菌活性的细菌素,在抑制多种动物源病原微生物和食物病原菌、腐败菌等方面具有重要作用. 相似文献
8.
近年来,我们发现家畜尿路感染的致病菌发生了引人注目的变化,由大肠杆菌引起的尿路感染减少,而原来较少见的肠球菌感染却在逐年上升。为了解球菌尿路感染治疗上的特点,我们对分离到的39株肠球菌对氨基甙类抗生素的耐药情 相似文献
9.
粪肠球菌（E．faecalis）义叫粪链球菌,普遍存在于自然界,一般栖居在动物的肠腔．也是人体上呼吸道或肠道的常居益生菌。粪肠球菌作为乳酸类肠球菌之一是动物宿主肠道内的原生菌种,具有很好的生物安令性和优良的益生特性,但是益生菌只有在人体内存活, 相似文献
10.
<正>猪肠球菌为革兰阳性(G+)球菌,广泛分布于自然环境及人和动物消化道内。猪肠球菌最初被归到人D群链球菌,后来研究证实猪肠球菌与链球菌存在较大差异因此他们将其单独列为猪肠球菌属。猪肠球菌是人类和动物肠道正常菌群的一部分。猪肠球菌曾应用于食品工业中,用于发酵和防止食品腐烂,还可以利用其作为益生菌在人体和动物体内,用于治疗腹泻、肠应激综合征,降低胆固醇水平,或提高免疫力、改善生长等。然而,猪肠球菌存在着巨大危害性,当抗生素大量使用或宿主免疫 相似文献
11.
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
12.
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
13.
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection. 相似文献
15.
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
16.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated. Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively. 相似文献
17.
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
18.
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%). Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
20.
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario. Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously. 相似文献
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