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本研究在综合分析天然草地的生态状况、可再生产能力和经济条件3方面因素的基础上,建立了天然草地分类评价的递阶层次指标体系;在相关研究成果的基础上,将天然草地分为温性荒漠类、温性草原类和草甸类3个类别,并选用新疆准噶尔盆地西部地区的18个天然草地样本作为训练样本,建立了突变级数判据;选用另外13个天然草地样本作为判别样本,以检验该突变级数判据的可行性和可靠性。结果表明,该突变级数判据对判别样本的分类结果合理,突变级数法可以很好地反映不同类型天然草地间的资源属性,且分类结果与灰色关联度分析法、投影寻踪法、投影寻踪动态聚类法、集对分析法和自组织特征映射(SOFM)神经网络法的分类结果基本一致。 相似文献
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基于未确知数学理论和属性数学理论,研究了土壤肥力综合评价方法,建立了城市绿地土壤肥力综合评价及分级的未确知属性测度分析法。该方法首先需要确定城市绿地土壤肥力状况的评价指标及分类标准,以及土壤肥力状况级别组数;然后构建单指标的未确知属性测度函数,以计算单指标的未确知属性测度函数值和样本的综合未确知属性测度值;最后应用置信度准则对城市绿地土壤样本进行识别,以确定土壤样本肥力状况的级别属性。基于两个城市绿地土壤样本的模糊综合评价结果,以及13个城市绿地土壤样本的全排列多边形图示指标法、物元可拓法以及改进的人工神经网络法的评价结果进行了验证,本研究方法的评价结果与模糊综合评价法、全排列多边形图示指标法、物元可拓法以及改进的人工神经网络法的一致性分别为100%、84.62%、92.31%和100%。实例评价表明,采用该方法对城市绿地土壤肥力状况进行评价是可行的,为城市绿地土壤肥力综合评价提供了新的途径和方法。 相似文献
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分类、聚类与草原类型 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文阐明分类与聚类在草原分类中同等重要。据此建立的草原综合顺序分类系统(IOCSG)应遵循6项原则,即草原分类要素的完整性原则、草原分类体系内涵的综合性原则、草原分类指标的相对稳定性原则、草原分类同级指标的可比性原则、草原分类特征指标的确限性原则和草原分类体系普适的周延性原则。该分类系统含有类(以地带性水热特征为指标)、亚类(以土地特征为指标)和型(以植被特征为指标)3个基本级别;7个热量级和6个湿润度级。依据本分类系统全球天然草原分为42类,中国有41类。本分类系统在生物种适宜度计算、全球变化对草原类型演替方向的预测、草坪引种等方面进行了论证。该文阐明了草原类型学对草业科学的基础理论意义和实践意义。 相似文献
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多媒体课件可以从三个方面分类,一是按演讲人和受众的关系可分为首长讲话类、工作汇报类、专题演示类等;二是按演示内容可分为工作总结类、学术讨论类、会议背景类、业务交流类、辅助演讲类、成果报告类、演习保障类等;三是按播放环境可分为单屏课件和多屏课件等。多媒体课件虽然分类不同,但评价标准是一样的,即重点突出、观 相似文献
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对24份盆栽多年生黑麦草种质材料在苗期采用反复干旱法试验,调查了地上、地下生物量、株高、分蘖数、根冠比5个形态学指标,通过存活率、抗旱指数、隶属函数法、主成分分析、聚类分析5种方法进行了抗旱性评价。结果表明:干旱胁迫下多年生黑麦草生长受到明显抑制,所有形态指标的抗旱系数DRC均具有显著差异,可作为多年生黑麦草抗旱性评价指标,除根冠比外均与抗旱性正相关。5种评价方法结果一致,抗旱指数法为单指标评价,简单快捷;隶属函数法为综合评价法,应用面广。根据隶属函数法可将供试多年生黑麦草材料分为4类:抗旱性强的有7623,7905和7932,抗旱性较强的7406、7722、7095、7252、7484、7454,抗旱性中等的为7814、7253、7544、7431、7101、7053,抗旱性较差的有7847、7288、7530、7054、7151、7192、7840、7261、7442。 相似文献
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《中国草地学报》2016,(3)
基于多元统计分析理论,综合考虑天然草地的生态状况、可再生产能力和经济条件等因素,选择植被覆盖度、可食风干牧草产量、牧草利用率、草地可利用面积系数、草群中优良牧草比率和羊单位需草地面积6个参数作为判别因子,建立了天然草地分类的Bayes判别分析法。将天然草地分为温性荒漠类、温性草原类和低山地草甸类3个类别,并作为Bayes判别分析的3个正态总体,以新疆准噶尔盆地西部地区的31个天然草地为样本(其中18个为训练样本),以Bayes线性函数值和后验概率对样本所归属的总体进行识别,将建立的模型对训练样本进行回判,以回代误判率对模型进行检验。研究表明,Bayes判别分析模型可以很好地反映不同类型天然草地间的资源属性,对训练样本的回代误判率为0;对另外13个天然草地样本的分类结果与灰色关联度分析法、投影寻踪法、投影寻踪动态聚类法、集对分析法、SOFM神经网络法以及突变级数法等的分类结果基本一致。 相似文献
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基于SOFM网络法的天然草地分类 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
自组织特征映射(SOFM)模型是一种无监督的人工神经网络计算方法,适用于解决多种分类和识别问题。本研究首次将SOFM网络法用于中国新疆准噶尔盆地西部地区的天然草地分类中,基于该法的聚类功能,依据草地生产、生态、经济等方面的6个天然草地分类指标,结合Matlab软件对神经网络进行权值训练,将这31份草地样本数据分为温性荒漠类、温性草原类、草甸类3类。并将分析结果与集对分析法、灰色关联度分析法、投影寻踪法做了对比分析。结果表明,SOFM网络法与上述3种方法分析基本一致,可以很好地反映和提取样本中复杂的信息,分类效果较好。说明了SOFM网络法对不同类型草地之间草地资源的整体性有很好的区分度。由此得出SOFM网络法对草地进行分类具有很好的实用价值,可以在聚类分析中广泛应用。 相似文献
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利用主成分分析和聚类分析对我国11个地方鸡品种的产蛋性能和生态特征的资料进行了多元统计分析。单独对4项产蛋性能指标进行聚类分析表明,我国11个地方鸡种大致可以分为大型鸡和小型鸡两类;多元统计分析10项指标的结果表明,主成分分析选取前3个特征值作为3个主成分（占总信息量的94.99%）。根据各品种的前3个主成分值计算相似系数,并用最短距离法进行聚类分析,表明11个地方鸡品种可划分为高海拔型和低海拔型两类,这说明了生态因子亦是品种分类中的一个重要依据。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献
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Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen Funmilola Thomas Asta Tvarijonaviciute José J. Cerón P. David Eckersall 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):657-664