共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
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本文评述了莺总科鸟类的系统分类,并重点探讨科间、属内系统发育关系以及种级分类地位。基于已发表的 DNA 序列数据,对马岛莺科(Bernieridae)和柳莺科(Phylloscopidae)重新进行了分析。大量的分子水平的研究让我们对鸟类系统发育的认识有了很大提高。但是,由于一些主要进化分支(科)的快速分化,使得这些科之间的相互关系依然不明确。同样,分子标记和(或)鸣声及其他生活史资料在大量研究中的应用,大大提高了种级水平的分类可靠性。我们推测,随着人们运用现代的整合方法对新类群的不断研究,物种数量会不断增加。 相似文献
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对小麦族猬草属、赖草属(NsXm)、披碱草属(StH)及含不同染色体组(St、H、Ns、Eb、Ee、P、F 、V、W)的近缘二倍体属共46个类群的叶绿体基因间隔区atpB-rbcL序列进行系统发育分析,探讨猬草属和赖草属植物系统发育关系及母系起源。结果显示,1)猬草属模式种H. patula与拟鹅观草属和披碱草属物种聚为一支,表明H. patula与披碱草属植物亲缘关系近,其母本来源为含St染色体组的拟鹅观草属物种;2)猬草、长芒猬草、4个新麦草属物种及滨麦和所有欧亚分布的赖草属物种聚在一支,说明猬草、长芒猬草与欧亚赖草亲缘关系较近,其母本供体来自含Ns染色体组的新麦草属物种;3)高丽猬草和东北猬草与北美赖草及冰草属、旱麦草属、大麦属物种处于同一分支,表明高丽猬草和东北猬草与北美赖草具有较近亲缘关系,其母本供体为未知来源的Xm染色体组。研究结果支持将H. patula组合到披碱草属中,猬草、长芒猬草、高丽猬草和东北猬草应组合到赖草属中。 相似文献
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过去的几十年来对山雀科鸟类及其亲缘类群的系统发育关系的研究很多,然而,由于各研究采用不同的遗传标记,关于这些物种间系统发育关系的争议越来越大.在本研究中,我们采用最大似然法和贝叶斯法分析所获得的15个物种(10个山雀科物种,4个长尾山雀属物种和中华攀雀)的线粒体基因cyt 6和COI片断的联合序列.基于不同片断和分子进化模型间的一致性且强烈的支持,山雀科及其亲缘类群物种间的系统发育关系得到了很好的解决.和以往用不同的遗传标记研究结果一样,山雀科和攀雀科的单系性得到支持,而山雀科和长尾山雀属的单系性则被拒绝.我们的结果建议将山雀属亚属Machlolophus提升为属.虽然在我们的研究中,长尾山雀属的系统发生关系获得很高的支持,然而,考虑到该属物种内的分子和形态性状的差异,还需要更多的数据来解决该属的系统发育.基于该属物种的多样性和特有化格局,我们认为中国西南山地很可能就是该属的演化中心.以每百万年2%的进化速率来估算物种的分化时间,结果表明该属物种的分化时间为从晚第三纪到第四纪(从5.5至0.1百万年).经比较分析,我们发现同域分布的物种存在着一致的遗传分化格局. 相似文献
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鸱鸮科鸟类的种属分类仍存在一些争议。例如:渔鸮属和雪鸮属是否应并入雕鸮属,四川林鸮是一独立种还是长尾林鸮的一个亚种?线粒体DNA中细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I(CO I)基因是DNA条形编码的主要基因,被广泛应用于鸟类的物种鉴定和系统发育研究。通过测定中国产红角鸮、雕鸮和长尾林鸮C0 I基因的序列,并结合GenBank中鸱鸮科鸟类的同源序列,本文对27种鸟类进行了序列变异和系统发育分析。结果显示,鸱鸮科鸟类多数是种间变异大于种内变异,该科鸟类几乎都是同属的优先聚类。序列分歧和系统发育分析结果支持将渔鸮属和雪鸮属置于雕鸮属下。同时,相对于欧亚大陆长尾林鸮种群,日本的长尾林鸮较四川林鸮分歧更大。系统发育分析结果也支持四川林鸮是长尾林鸮的一个亚种的观点。研究为进一步明晰鸱鸮科鸟类的系统发育和分类提供了新的分子证据。 相似文献
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金眶(翁鸟)莺Seicercus burkii属(翁鸟)科,莺亚科,主要分布在我国南方的小型鸟类.2002年5月8日在天津西青区青泊洼发现并捕获,现已制成标本并存于天津自然博物馆.经查阅有关资料,天津地区尚无记载. 相似文献
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目的:通过对武昌鱼、鲫鱼、草鱼和鲢鱼4种鱼类线粒体atp6基因序列的差异性开展研究和分析,为鲤科鱼类的系统发育关系、遗传特异性、遗传资源的保护研究提供参考。方法:通过常规的酚-氯仿抽提法提取4种鲤科鱼基因组DNA,以基因库中的草鱼(HQ891005)线粒体基因组序列为模板设计引物,对4种鱼的线粒体atp6基因序列进行PCR扩增和测序,将测序结果与GenBank上公布的17种鱼类(其中鲤科鱼类8种、鲭科鱼类3种、鲑科鱼类2种、鳅科、慈鲷科、近魟科、狗母鱼科鱼类各1种)线粒体基因组序列进行比对,构建系统进化树。结果:4种实验鲤科鱼类与GenBank上下载的8种鲤科鱼进行比对,通过分析这12种鲤科鱼类的线粒体atp6基因(436bp)的核苷酸序列中T、C、A和G平均含量分别为29%、28%、30%和13%,在建立的系统进化树中,12种鲤形目鱼被分成两部分,一部分中是11种鲤形目鱼,它们的亲缘关系为45;剩余一目的胭脂鱼和灯笼鱼目的杂斑狗母鱼被分为第二部分,亲缘关系为52。4种鲤科鱼类的亲缘关系,与同属间较近,与不同属的较远。 相似文献
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兴凯湖自然保护区湖岗天然带状林中繁殖鸟巢的空间格局 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2006、2007年5～7月对兴凯湖自然保护区湖岗天然林带中繁殖鸟及鸟巢进行调查测定,发现繁殖鸟类30种,分属于6目15科24属.对发现的186个巢的分析显示:群落鸟类巢位在空间上有着明显的梯度特征,鸟类空间营巢的异质性在垂直空间体现在距地面不同营巢高度(h)上,营巢范围分4层(h1=0m、0m＜h2≤2m、2m＜h3≤10 m、10 m＜h4).水平方向鸟巢分布受植被类型限制,乔木林中鸟类多样性最丰富(H=1.764),距公路10～50 m距林缘20 m以内是鸟类巢位选择最佳区域;生态位分析显示表明:东方大苇莺生态位最宽(FT=0.3174)、巨嘴柳莺次之(FT=0.2953),其后依次为星头啄木鸟、红尾伯劳、大斑啄木鸟等. 相似文献
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旨在探讨有毒植物披针叶黄华内生真菌种类与种群分布情况,本试验以采自青海的披针叶黄华为试验材料,用表面消毒法对样品消毒后进行内生真菌分离,结合形态学鉴定和5.8S rDNA-ITS序列分析对分离菌株进行种属鉴定,并应用MEGA7.0软件进行系统发育分析。结果显示,从披针叶黄华中共分离获得29种内生真菌,分属于7纲、9目、11科、12属。披针叶黄华内生真菌总相对分离频率为79.31%,其中,叶的内生真菌种类最多（41.38%）,茎次之（37.93%）,种子（13.79%）和根（6.90%）相对较少;根据系统发育分析,所有内生真菌分属于两大种群,种群间亲缘关系较近。综上表明,披针叶黄华内生真菌种类丰富,青霉属是优势菌属。 相似文献
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In this present study, the mitochondrial DNA gene cytochrome coxidase subunit I (COI) and the small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rDNA) gene were used to determine the taxonomic relationships of Psoroptes and Chorioptes mites from China. The neighbor-joining and maximum-parasimony approach were used to evaluate the evolutionary relatedness among different hosts in the genera Psoroptes and Chorioptes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Psoroptes cuniculi and Psoroptes natalensis may be two different species within the genus Psoroptes, and Chorioptes texanus and Chorioptes panda are different species within the genus Chorioptes. 相似文献
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Zohrah Haji SULAIMAN Tan Heok HUI Kelvin K.P. LIM Peter K.L. NG 《Integrative zoology》2006,1(1):12-14
Phylogenetic relationships among Bornean sucker fishes (Teleostei: Balitoridae: Gastromyzontinae) were investigated by comparing cytochrome b gene sequences from eight species. The results were in general agreement with previous morphology‐based studies. It was found that the genera Gastromyzon and Neogastromyzon are both monophyletic and that the Chinese homalopterid Crossostoma lacustre (Homalopterinae) is not related to the Bornean species. This molecular‐level study of cytochrome b gene variation in Bornean gastromyzontins will undoubtedly help to shed light on the molecular systematics of this unique freshwater fish. 相似文献
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从Cyt b基因全序列探讨鼢鼠属Eospalax亚属的分子系统发育 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
测定了24只鼢鼠，其中包括：9只高原鼢鼠（Myospalax baileyi）、6只甘肃鼢鼠（M.cansus）、6只斯氏鼢鼠（M．smith）、3只秦岭鼢鼠（M．rufescens）的细胞色素b基因全序列，分析了鼢鼠属凸颅鼢鼠亚属的遗传多态性。从GenBank获得19条细胞色素b基因全序列，用最大简约化法绘制出43条序列的系统发育树，分析个体间的系统演化关系。研究认为，秦岭鼢鼠和斯氏鼢鼠遗传关系最近，并且与甘肃鼢鼠、高原鼢鼠关系接近；前4种鼢鼠与罗氏鼢鼠，中华鼢鼠和东北鼢鼠依次疏远；草原鼢鼠最早的分歧出来。 相似文献
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J. H. M. Van Zyl 《African Zoology》2013,48(1):55-71
We examined phylogenetic relationships of the Pachydactylus rugosus complex using DNA sequence data from segments of the mitochondrial genes cytochrome b and 16S ribosomal RNA. These molecular data support the contention that members of the rugosus complex, as defined by McLachlan (1979), form a monophyletic group. Further, high levels of sequence divergence observed between currently recognized subspecies (19.1–26.8 % for cytb), even across short geographic distances, support elevation of each member to full specific rank. The pattern of relationship within the P. rugosus complex species is P. rugosus (P. barnardi, P. formosus). Sequence data provide no evidence to support a close relationship between these taxa and P. capensis, to which previous workers had assigned both P. formosus and P. barnardi. 相似文献
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《African Zoology》2013,48(2):271-284
Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Aethomys were examined based on qualitative cranial data for all currently recognized species. A cladistic analysis suggested the presence of three clades: 1) A. bocagei, A. thomasi, A. silindensis, A. kaiseri, and A. nyikae;2) A. chrysophilus, A. ineptus, and A. hindei;3) A. granti, A. namaquensis, and A. stannarius. These phylogenetic groupings are largely inconsistent with previously postulated supraspecific relationships for the genus. Nonetheless, relationships within each clade broadly correspond with some previously suggested evolutionary hypotheses among some members of the genus, the only notable exception being a close affinity between two southern African taxa (A. namaquensis and A. granti) and the geographically disjunct West African endemic, A. stannarius. A phylogram derived from an analysis of anagenetic divergence among taxa supported the widely-held view of a close affinity between A. namaquensis and A. granti that has traditionally led to their inclusion in the subgenus Micaelamys. These results are relatively concordant with recent molecular studies based on microcomplement fixation of albumin, mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b and 16S rRNA data, which collectively suggest that the genus Aethomys is paraphyletic. Possible paraphyly is also reflected by a relatively low bootstrap value at the node uniting all ingroup taxa in this study, as well as previous studies on dental morphology, modes of karyotypic change, and gross sperm and bacular morphology, and strongly supports the taxo-nomic elevation of the currently recognized subgenera Micaelamys and Aethomys to full generic rank. Despite the broad correspondence between the morphological and molecular data, homoplasy and low bootstrap support in the present investigation point to the need for a careful consideration of the power and choice of morphological characters in future studies on this and related groups of murine rodents. 相似文献
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Martin BLÁHA Jiří PATOKA Bella JAPOSHVILI Marek LET Miloš BUŘIČ Antonín KOUBA Levan MUMLADZE 《Integrative zoology》2021,16(3):368-378
The phylogeny of European crayfish fauna, especially with respect to Eastern European species, is still far from being completely resolved. To fill this gap, we analyzed most of the European crayfish species focusing on the phylogenetic position of the endemic crayfish Astacus colchicus, inhabiting Georgia. Three mitochondrial and one nuclear marker were used to study evolutionary relationships among European crayfish species, resulting in the unique phylogenetic position of A. colchicus indicating independent species status to A. astacus. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a deep molecular divergence of A. colchicus in comparison to A. astacus (6.5–10.9% in mtDNA and 1.1% in nDNA) as well as to Pontastacus leptodactylus and P. pachypus (5.5–10.0% in mtDNA and 1.4–2.4% in nDNA). Absent ventral process on second male pleopod and abdominal somites II and III with pleura rounded lacking prominent spines clearly indicate taxonomic assignment to the genus Astacus; however, the species is distributed almost in the middle of Ponto-Caspian area typical by occurrence of the genus Pontastacus. Several morphological indices linked to head length, carapace, and total body length and width were found to demonstrate apparent differences between A. colchicus and A. astacus. Although this study provides a novel insight into European crayfish phylogeography, we also point out the gaps in comprehensive study of the P. leptodactylus species complex, which could reveal details about the potential species status of particular species and subspecies within this genus. 相似文献
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中国苜蓿地方品种亲缘关系的研究 Ⅰ 种子贮藏蛋白标记 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用ＳＤＳ—ＰＡＧＥ方法对我国１８ 个苜蓿地方品种和北美９ 个苜蓿基本种质来源的代表品种各２０ 粒单粒种子贮藏蛋白及１４ 份豆科牧草种（品种）种子贮藏蛋白进行了分析,根据电泳分析结果计算品种间的欧氏遗传距离,并进行聚类分析。１４ 份豆科牧草种（品种）种子贮藏蛋白的电泳分析结果表明,种内种子贮藏蛋白带谱差异较小,同属不同种间的差异明显,而属间的差异明显大于种间。在聚类分析中,以３．６１ 的遗传距离划分时,１４ 份材料被分为４ 组,分属于４ 个属,这与分类上是一致的。我国１８ 个苜蓿地方品种间的平均遗传距离为０．５７,以０．５ 的遗传距离进行划分时,１８ 个品种可分为７ 组,品种间亲缘关系的远近与品种的地理分布有一定的相关性。北美９ 个苜蓿品种间的平均遗传距离为０．８９,聚类结果表明,杂花苜蓿（Ｍｅｄｉｃａｇｏｓａｔｉｖａ ｓｓｐ． ｖａｒｉａ）与紫花苜蓿（Ｍｅｄｉｃａｇｏ ｓａｔｉｖａ ｓｓｐ． ｓａｔｉｖａ）之间的遗传差异相对较小,而与黄花苜蓿（Ｍｅｄｉｃａｇｏ ｓａｔｉｖａ ｓｓｐ． ｆａｌｃａｔａ）间的遗传差异相对较大。与北美９ 个苜蓿品种相比,我国苜蓿地方品种间的遗传差异较小,这与我国苜蓿地方品种的地理分布相对较窄,品种间基 相似文献