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本试验旨在利用概略养分分析法测定半细毛羊6种蛋白质饲料原料[豆粕、干酒糟及其可溶物(DDGS)、棉籽粕、膨化大豆、玉米蛋白粉和菜籽粕]的营养成分含量,并通过消化代谢试验结合套算法实测饲料原料的可消化粗蛋白质(DCP)含量和有效能值。试验选取16只体重为(56.05±5.47) kg的云南半细毛羊,采用完全随机设计,平均分为4组,每组4只。试验共2期,共7个饲粮,包含1个基础饲粮和6个试验饲粮。第1期饲喂4种饲粮,第2期饲喂3种饲粮。试验期10 d,其中预试期5 d,正试期5 d。结果表明:1)玉米蛋白粉的粗蛋白质(CP)含量最高,为65.77%,棉籽粕和豆粕的CP含量为50%左右,膨化大豆和菜籽粕的CP含量为37%左右,DDGS的CP含量最低,为25.93%。菜籽粕和膨化大豆的粗纤维(CF)含量较高,为16%左右,DDGS和棉籽粕的CF含量为11%左右,豆粕和玉米蛋白粉的CF含量较低,均在6%以下。2)各种蛋白质饲料原料的DCP含量之间差异显著(P <0. 05),其中玉米蛋白粉的DCP含量最高,为581. 79 g/kg,其次是棉籽粕、豆粕、膨化大豆和菜籽粕,DDGS的DCP含量最低,为211.48 g/kg。膨化大豆的消化能(DE)和代谢能(M E)最高,分别为21.54和19.79 M J/kg,其次是玉米蛋白粉、豆粕、棉籽粕和菜籽粕,DDGS的DE和ME最低,分别为14.62和12.45 MJ/kg。棉籽粕、菜籽粕和DDGS的有效能之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,从营养成分含量上看,玉米蛋白粉品质最好,其次是豆粕、棉籽粕、膨化大豆、菜籽粕和DDGS。从DCP品质来说,玉米蛋白粉的品质最优,依次高于棉籽粕、豆粕、膨化大豆、菜籽粕和DDGS。从有效能值来说,膨化大豆最优,依次高于玉米蛋白粉、豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕和DDGS。 相似文献
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本试验目的是研究高纤维饲料原料使用水平对生长猪混合饲料中回肠末端表观能量消化率(AID)和肠道表观能量总消化率(ATTD)及消化能(DE)和代谢能(ME)的影响。研究假设:随着纤维水平增加,ATTD、DE和ME随之下降,因为高纤维水平可能会降低微生物发酵纤维的能力。试验采用10×4不完全拉丁方设计,将20只装有回肠瘘管的猪只(BW:30.64±2.09kg)饲喂10种日粮和4个阶段处理,每个日粮和阶段2个重复,因此,每个日粮处理共8个重复。基础日粮采用玉米-豆粕型和玉米-豆粕-玉米淀粉(使用水平30%)型。其中6种日粮处理分别通过使用15%和30%的玉米胚芽粉、甜菜粕及麦麸原料替代玉米-豆粕-玉米淀粉型基础日粮中的相应玉米淀粉水平;剩下2种日粮处理通过在玉米-豆粕-玉米淀粉型日粮中额外添加15%和30%双低菜粕。数据分析采用正交对比和T检验分析同种原料不同使用水平(15%和30%)的差异性。与玉米-豆粕-玉米淀粉型日粮相比,使用15%或30%菜籽粕、玉米胚芽粉、甜菜粕或小麦麸日粮处理组均降低配合日粮中AID、ATTD、DE和ME水平(P0.05)。然而,上述指标在各个纤维原料使用水平之间无显著差异,意味着所测单个原料中DE和ME与其使用水平无关,且15%和30%水平的能量转化效率相同。此外,提高所测单个原料的使用水平不影响小肠排空时间,但降低了大肠后端排空时间(高纤维组延长了整个肠道排空期),但对DE、ME和ATTD均无影响。结果表明,使用高纤维饲料原料降低了配合日粮的DE和ME水平,但其使用水平不影响配合日粮的DE和ME计算值,意味着使用30%的高纤维饲料原料并没有超过生长猪肠道微生物纤维发酵能力。 相似文献
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试验旨在证明菜粕与棉粕净能(NE)预测值及生长猪NE需要量的准确性。在实测菜粕与棉粕的消化能(DE)和代谢能(ME)的基础上,选用32头(20.36±0.39)kg的去势DLY猪,随机分为4组进行生长试验,分别为豆粕组及3%、5%和7%菜粕棉粕组,当试猪平均体重30kg时,每组选取4头,进行6d氮平衡试验。结果表明:菜粕和棉粕的NE预测值分别为6.55MJ/kgDM和5.99MJ/kgDM;菜粕棉粕组与豆粕组之间,除7%菜粕棉粕组的日增重及5%菜粕棉粕组的饲料增重比与豆粕组之间差异显著(P<0.05);菜粕棉粕组N的沉积率和表观生物学价值均与豆粕组无显著差异(P>0.05)。表明选用的Noblet净能预测模型预测NE值是可行的;DLY生长猪NE需要量为9.84MJ/kg是准确的。 相似文献
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几种蛋白质原料体外消化率测定方法的比较 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
试验分别采用胃蛋白酶-胰蛋白酶两步法、肉食性鱼类(如鲈鱼)消化道粗酶提取液消化法和草食性鱼类(如草鱼)消化道粗酶提取液消化法测定了酪蛋白、鱼粉、豆粕、菜籽粕、棉籽粕、酵母粉和玉米蛋白粉等7种蛋白质原料的体外消化率。3种测定方法中,鱼粉的消化率差异不显著(P>0.05);豆粕、菜籽粕、酵母粉和玉米蛋白粉用两步法和草鱼消化酶法测定的消化率无显著差异(P>0.05);棉籽粕消化率用两步法测定值高于用消化酶法的测定值,差异极显著(P<0.01);豆粕、菜籽粕、酵母粉和玉米蛋白粉的消化率用两步法比用鲈鱼消化酶测定的值高,差异极显著(P<0.01);草鱼消化酶法和鲈鱼消化酶法对酪蛋白的消化率无显著差异(P>0.05),而对于豆粕、菜籽粕、棉籽粕、酵母粉和玉米蛋白粉草鱼消化酶法测定值高于鲈鱼消化酶法的测定值,差异极显著(P<0.01)。结果表明,胃蛋白酶-胰蛋白酶两步体外消化法在测定鱼粉蛋白质消化率时可以替代鱼类消化液粗酶消化法,对于其它蛋白质原料使用该方法应慎重。 相似文献
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本研究旨在通过间接测热法和回归法估测蛋鸡棉籽粕和玉米蛋白粉的代谢能(ME)和净能(NE)值。试验选用504只32周龄体重一致的健康矮小型粉壳蛋鸡,随机分为7个处理,每个处理2个重复,每个重复36只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂棉籽粕或玉米蛋白粉按不同比例(5%、10%和20%)替代基础饲粮组成的试验饲粮。测定每1种饲粮的NE值时,将2组的蛋鸡预试7 d后,分别安排到2个相同的呼吸室中测定其3 d内采食饲粮过程中的产热量(HP);当基础饲粮的测定期结束后,测定蛋鸡绝食后1～72 h的HP。绝食代谢产热可用来估测蛋鸡的维持净能需要(NEm),通过析因法计算蛋鸡对饲粮的NE摄入量,并建立饲粮ME和NE值与待测原料替代比例之间的回归方程,从而推测出其ME和NE值。结果发现:蛋鸡在绝食第3天的HP和呼吸熵值极显著低于第2天(P<0.01);随着饲粮中棉籽粕或玉米蛋白粉替代比例的提高,蛋鸡采食单位重量饲粮后的热增耗逐渐提高;饲粮的有效能值[表观代谢能(AME)、氮校正表观代谢能(AMEn)和NE]随玉米蛋白粉替代比例的提高而逐渐升高,但随棉籽粕替代比例的提高而逐渐降低;根据饲粮有效能值与待测原料替代比例之间的关系建立线性回归方程后,得到棉籽粕的AME和AMEn值分别为10.61和9.45 MJ/kg DM,玉米蛋白粉的AME和AMEn值分别为17.62和15.80 MJ/kg DM,其中棉籽粕替代组饲粮NE=-2.321X1+8.676(R2=0.739 3),玉米蛋白粉替代组饲粮NE=3.210X2+8.880(R2=0.889 4),式中X1和X2分别代表饲粮中棉籽粕和玉米蛋白粉的替代比例。因此,在(20±1)℃的环境温度下,当矮小型粉壳蛋鸡处于产蛋高峰期时,棉籽粕和玉米蛋白粉的NE估测值分别为6.35和12.09 M J/kg DM,NE/AM E分别为59.91%和68.60%。 相似文献
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本文旨在用强饲-排宅法研究肉鸭植物性饲料原料有效磷的可加性.选择体重相近的21日龄樱桃符雄性肉鸭84只,随机分为7组,每组6个重复,每个重复2只鸭.分别强饲70 g玉米、豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕和等比例混合的玉米-豆粕、玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕、玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕-菜籽粕混合饲粮,集粪袋法收集48 h排泄物,测定磷的生物学效价.结果显示,肉鸭对3种组合混合饲粮中,玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕组合的总磷表观利用率、总磷真利用率、表观有效磷和真有效磷的实测值与计算值差异显著(P＜0.05),玉米-豆粕和玉米-豆粕-棉籽粕-菜籽粕2种混合饲粮实测值与计算值差异不显著(P＞0.05).由此得出如下结论;1)饲料原料真有效磷的可加性优于表观有效磷的可加性;2)不同饲料原料可加性优劣因原料组合不同而存在一定的差异. 相似文献
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鹅对几种原料代谢能值的测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验以24只175日龄扬州鹅公鹅为试验对象,用真代谢能(TME)测定法,测定了鹅对玉米、豆粕、小麦麸、稻谷、棉籽粕、苜蓿粉6种原料的代谢能值。试验结果表明:1)鹅对玉米、稻谷、小麦麸、豆粕、棉籽粕、苜蓿粉的表观代谢能(AME)值分别为12.23、10.93、8.03、8.99、6.67、4.25MJ/kg;真代谢能值分别为12.89、11.59、8.93、9.85、7.60、5.19MJ/kg。2)测得6种原料的TME值高于AME值,且TME∶AME为1.05～1.25;TME值的变异系数(CV)小于AME值,表明TME值的稳定性优于AME值。 相似文献
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为了满足营养需求和后代对环境的要求,对农业实践的深刻反思势在必行。像可持续发展和能源效率标准将会在动物饲料领域发挥越来越重要的作用。 相似文献
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The relationship between age, live weight, body composition and energy status on the onset and maintenance of reproductive activity in females is reviewed. When possible, swine studies have been employed, although, of necessity, much data are drawn from other species. The relationship between age, weight and puberty is controversial. However, from the available data we conclude that neither age nor weight are reliable indices of reproductive development, but that minimum threshold values for these characteristics must be achieved before puberty can occur. Human data provides a strong indication that a minimum adipose to lean tissue ratio is a prerequisite for puberty onset. Limited data from swine support this contention and indeed it may be a superior measure of reproductive development than either age or weight. However, the value of this ratio remains to be defined in pigs, and again it is minimum threshold level, the attainment of which is necessary, but not in itself sufficient, for puberty onset. A positive energy balance seems to be necessary for puberty onset and the maintenance of estrous cycles in some species, but this has not been investigated in swine. The mechanisms whereby adiposity and energy status influences reproduction are discussed. Human studies demonstrate a negative correlation between energy status, body fatness and plasma gonadotrophin levels. Also, adipose tissue has the ability to metabolize sex steroids, aromatizing androgens to estrogens and changing the direction of estrogen metabolism to produce more or less biologically potent estrogens. 相似文献
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随着猪、鸡市场的日益饱和,以及人们生活水平的不断提高,水禽饲养成为人们投资的焦点,为了满足水禽养殖迅速发展的需求,对水禽营养需要的研究已成为当务之急。对水禽饲料代谢能的研究成为鸡代谢能测定标准化之后的又一热点。本文对水禽代谢能测定中常见的测定方法的选择、试验对象的选用及过渡期饲养和实验过程中的粪便收集的问题进行了讨论,并针对问题,从实用出发,提出了建议。 相似文献
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狐的能量、蛋白质需要量及其饲料配制技术的综合研究报告 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用呼吸测热 ,氮碳平衡 ,消化代谢 ,屠体成分化验和饲养试验等相结合的方法 ,研究明确生长期狐的能量、蛋白质需要量和代谢能在体内利用效率等参数 ,以及改进配合饲料加工工艺和饲粮配制新的技术 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2017,26(4):536-547
Energy is an expensive component of poultry diets with lipids providing a concentrated energy source to meet these needs. Three separate experiments with broilers (15 d of age), turkeys (15 d of age) and laying hens (60 wk of age) were conducted to determine the AMEn content of 10 lipids with varying fatty acid and free fatty acid concentrations and to compare these values to predicted values based on previously published equations. A corn-soybean meal (broilers and turkeys) or corn-soybean meal-distillers dried grains with solubles (layers) control diet was formulated with test diets created by mixing the control diet with 0, 3, 6, or 9% (broilers and turkeys) or 0, 2, 4, and 6% (laying hens) lipid. Experimental diets were fed over a 5-d acclimation period followed by a 48 h total excretion collection period with AMEn of the diets calculated based upon the GE, nitrogen, and titanium dioxide in the feed and excreta samples. The pen-mean AMEn of each diet was regressed on percentage lipid inclusion level using linear regression with the slope of the line representing the AMEn of each lipid source. As expected, the AMEn values varied widely among lipid sources and species, with broilers having a greater AME compared to turkeys and layers. In general, saturated fatty acids (C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0) were negatively correlated to AMEn while unsaturated fatty acids (namely C18:2) were positively correlated to AMEn. Consequently, the unsaturated: saturated ratio, the polyunsaturated fatty acids: saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids ratio, and iodine value tended to be positively related to AMEn. Compared to broilers and turkeys that were able to efficiently utilize energy from corn oil (purified and crude DDGS corn oil) relative to soybean oil, laying hen AMEn values for corn oils were reduced in comparison to soybean oil. These data indicate that energy values of lipid differ widely due to source and appear to differ relative to a particular species. 相似文献
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Chwalibog A Tauson AH Thorbek G 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2004,88(3-4):101-112
Energy metabolism and substrate oxidation was measured in 12 growing pigs by means of indirect calorimetry and nutrient balances. The measurements were carried out during 5 days of feeding followed by 4 days of starvation and 5 days of re-feeding. During the feeding period, dietary carbohydrates were the main energy source, sufficient to cover energy requirements without oxidation of fat. Starvation reduced the total heat production and affected the oxidation pattern by reducing protein oxidation and shifting from carbohydrate to fat oxidation. On the second day of starvation, the main energy source was body fat and there was no oxidation of carbohydrate. On the second day of re-feeding, the heat production reached the same level as during the feeding period. Also, during the second day of re-feeding, the pattern of nutrient oxidation was similar to the feeding period with oxidation of carbohydrate providing 90% and oxidation of protein providing 10% of the total heat production. There was no fat oxidation. The results demonstrated that the growing pigs were able to re-establish oxidative patterns already 2 days after re-alimentation. 相似文献
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