共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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内蒙古旭日生物高科技有限公司是内蒙古大学校长、中国工程院士旭日干于1998年4月创办的，主要利用“试管牛”技术生产良种肉牛。公司先后在澳大利亚和加拿大建立了肉牛“试管胚胎”生产基地，利用发达国家良种牛的种质资源大批量生产“试管胚胎”，用于国内良种繁殖。现在，公司已在呼和浩特，包头、呼伦贝尔盟、赤峰和大连等地建立了相应的良种牛胚胎移植基地，培育出了海幅特、安格斯、黑白花奶牛等良种“试管牛”200多头。 旭日公司采用“试管胚胎”技术生产良种肉牛，可大幅度提高牛的产肉量。据介绍，本地黄牛饲养周期一般为4～5年，… 相似文献
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施仁波 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2007,(3):36-37
黄牛作为受体牛进行良种奶牛胚胎移植繁育良种奶牛是良种奶牛繁殖的又一次技术革命,沭阳县畜牧兽医站从2002年开始用黄牛作受体牛进行良种奶牛胚胎移植繁育良种奶牛,共移植168枚良种奶牛胚胎,移植成功75头,移植成功率达44.64%,取得了较为理想的移植效果,同时也获得了一些经验。本文从受体母黄牛的选择、同期发情、胚胎移植过程及移植前后应注意事项方面进行了详细阐述,供广大同仁参考。 相似文献
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育肥牛要想获得好的经济效益 ,必须按照牛的生长发育特点创造一个适宜的环境 ,使牛生长快 ,在育肥期内尽快达到出栏标准 ,提高饲料报酬 ,降低饲养成本。1 选择良种牛长得好与坏 ,良种是关键。目前国内外公认的优良品种有西门塔尔牛、利木赞牛、海福特牛、夏洛来牛等。育肥普遍采用杂交牛 ,这不仅扩大了育肥牛的来源 ,又充分利用了杂交优势。一般用良种牛作父本 ,与本地个体优良的母牛杂交 ,充分利用其杂交后代生长快、适应性强、饲料报酬高等优点。从效果看 ,三元杂交优于二元杂交 ,三元杂交较好的杂交组合是杂交母牛再与肉用品种杂交。这… 相似文献
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沿江牛产于辽宁省宽甸县沿鸭绿江一带，是朝鲜牛与当地黄牛经过长期杂交、选育而形成的地方良种牛，具有适应性强、耐粗饲、生长速度快、体型较大、肉质好等特性，是辽宁省地方良种牛。 相似文献
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我国黄牛数量多,分布广,有很多优点,但经济性能较低。随着农业机械化的进展,各地黄牛将由役用转变为肉用、乳用或兼用。一、黄牛的育种方向(一) 地方良种及非地方良种黄牛是否需要育成高产品种? 1.秦川牛、南阳牛、鲁西牛、晋南牛及延边牛等地方良种具有,体格大、肉质好、适应性强等优点。宜采用本品种选育,培育成肉用或乳肉兼用牛。2.非地方良种黄牛与进口的肉用或 相似文献
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为保证我国肉牛养殖业和奶牛养殖业的高速发展,经过多种养殖模式的对比,发现以家庭为主体集约化生产、商品化经营的家庭牧场更加适合未来畜牧业的发展趋势,我们认为肉牛和奶牛的家庭牧场式养殖已经成为我国畜牧业未来的发展方向之一。本文对我国肉牛和奶业发达国家的奶牛的家庭牧场发展现状进行了分析,并与畜牧业发达国家的家庭牧场进行对比,总结了我国家庭牧场在发展中存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出了未来我国家庭牧场的发展对策,以期促进我国肉牛和奶牛的家庭牧场持续健康发展。 相似文献
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目前新疆巴州地区奶牛业以乳品企业为主,家庭养殖为副。巴州地区现有养殖的奶牛共52 700多头,其中,农村散养奶牛数量比较少。农村饲料来源丰富、劳动力足够,家庭饲养奶牛已成为农户脱贫致富奔小康的一条生产门路。本文主要从培育龙头企业带动,逐步建立完善奶牛合作社奶牛业生产体系,同时对开辟青贮饲料来源及作好加工调制、逐步做到日粮标准化、饲养管理规模化、统一搞好奶牛配种及良种繁育等方面提出了对策分析。 相似文献
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Wyszyńska-Koko J de Wit AA Beerda B Veerkamp RF te Pas MF 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2011,128(3):183-191
Reduced oestrus behaviour expression or its absence (silent oestrus) results in subfertility in high-producing dairy cows. Insight into the genomic regulation of oestrus behaviour is likely to help alleviate reproduction problems. Here, gene expression was recorded in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of high milk production dairy cows differing in the degree of showing oestrus behaviour (H - highly expressing versus L - lowly expressing), which was then analysed. Genes regulating cell morphology and adhesion or coding for immunoglobulin G (IgG) chains were differentially expressed in VTA between cows around day 0 and 12 of the oestrus cycle, but only in cows that earlier in life tended to show high levels of oestrus behaviour (H0 versus H12). The comparisons between H and L groups of cows also revealed differential expression of several genes (e.g. those of the IgG family or encoding for pro-melanin-concentrating hormone). However, any significant changes in VTA genes expression were detected in the comparison of L0 versus L12 cows. Altogether, the genes expression profile in VTA of cows highly expressing oestrus behaviour changes together with phases of the oestrus cycle, while in case of cows expressing oestrus behaviour lowly it remains stable. This supports the existence of genomic regulation by centrally expressed genes on the expression of oestrus behaviour in dairy cows. 相似文献
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不同品种牛乳营养成分含量及脂肪酸含量和组成测定比较研究 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(5):93-97
[目的] 比较中国荷斯坦奶牛、荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛乳中常规营养成分含量、矿物质元素含量及脂肪酸含量和组成的差异。[方法] 选取中国荷斯坦奶牛、荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛各6头,每头奶牛收集200 mL生鲜乳样品,利用乳成分分析仪测定乳中常规营养成分含量,通过原子吸收分光光度计测定乳中矿物质元素含量,应用气相色谱仪测定乳中脂肪酸含量和组成。采用统计学方法对不同品种牛乳中的营养成分含量及脂肪酸含量和组成进行比较。[结果] 中国荷斯坦奶牛生鲜乳中乳脂含量显著（P<0.05）高于荷斯坦奶牛,乳蛋白含量显著（P<0.05）高于荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛;中国荷斯坦奶牛生鲜乳中乳钙含量显著（P<0.05）高于荷斯坦奶牛,乳锌含量显著（P<0.05）高于荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛。中国荷斯坦奶牛生鲜乳中豆蔻酸含量显著（P<0.05）低于荷斯坦奶牛,油酸和亚油酸含量显著（P<0.05）高于西门塔尔牛;中国荷斯坦奶牛生鲜乳中饱和脂肪酸含量显著（P<0.05）低于西门塔尔牛,不饱和脂肪酸含量显著（P<0.05）高于西门塔尔牛。[结论] 中国荷斯坦奶牛乳中部分营养成分和矿物质元素含量接近或优于荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛,脂肪酸含量和组成与荷斯坦奶牛相近,脂肪酸组成优于西门塔尔牛。 相似文献
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Ahola JK Foster HA Vanoverbeke DL Jensen KS Wilson RL Glaze JB Fife TE Gray CW Nash SA Panting RR Rimbey NR 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(5):1474-1483
A survey was conducted to quantify incidence of Beef Quality Assurance (BQA)-related defects in market beef and dairy cows and bulls selling at auction during 2 seasons in 2008. Twenty-three BQA-related traits were evaluated by 9 trained personnel during sales at 10 livestock auction markets in Idaho (n = 5; beef and dairy), California, (n = 4; dairy only), and Utah (n = 1; beef and dairy). Overall, 18,949 unique lots (8,213 beef cows, 1,036 beef bulls, 9,177 dairy cows, and 523 dairy bulls,) consisting of 23,479 animals (9,299 beef cows, 1,091 beef bulls, 12,429 dairy cows, and 660 dairy bulls) were evaluated during 125 sales (64 spring, 61 fall) for dairy and 79 sales (40 spring, 39 fall) for beef. The majority of market beef cows and bulls (60.9 and 71.3%, respectively) were predominantly black-hided, and the Holstein hide pattern was observed in 95.4 and 93.6% of market dairy cows and bulls, respectively. Market cattle weighed 548 ± 103.6 kg (beef cows), 751 ± 176.1 kg (beef bulls), 658 ± 129.7 kg (dairy cows), and 731 ± 150.8 kg (dairy bulls). Most beef cows (79.6%) weighed 455 to 726 kg, and most beef bulls (73.8%) weighed 545 to 954 kg, respectively. Among market beef cattle, 16.0% of cows and 14.5% of bulls weighed less than 455 and 545 kg, respectively, and 63.7% of dairy cows and 81.5% of dairy bulls weighed 545 to 817 kg or 545 to 954 kg, respectively. However, 19.5% of dairy cows and 13.1% of dairy bulls weighed less than 545 kg. Mean BCS for beef cattle (9-point scale) was 4.7 ± 1.2 (cows) and 5.3 ± 0.9 (bulls), and for dairy cattle (5-point scale) was 2.6 ± 0.8 (cows) and 2.9 ± 0.6 (bulls). Some 16.5% of beef cows and 4.1% of beef bulls had a BCS of 1 to 3, whereas 34.8% of dairy cows and 10.4% of dairy bulls had a BCS of 2 or less. Emaciation (beef BCS = 1, dairy BCS = 1.0) or near-emaciation (beef BCS = 2, dairy BCS = 1.5) was observed in 13.3% of dairy cows and 3.9% of beef cows. Among beef cattle, 15.1% of cows and 15.4% of bulls were considered lame. In contrast, 44.7% of dairy cows and 26.1% of dairy bulls were lame. Ocular neoplasia (cancer eye) was observed in only 0.6% of beef cows, 0.3% of beef bulls, 0.3% of dairy cows, and 0.0% of dairy bulls. However, among animals with ocular neoplasia, it was cancerous in 34.4% of beef bulls, 48.0% of dairy cows, and 73.3% of beef cows. In conclusion, numerous quality defects are present in market beef and dairy cattle selling at auction in the Western United States, which could influence their value at auction. 相似文献
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Yitaye Alemayehu Ayenew Maria Wurzinger Azage Tegegne Werner Zollitsch 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1143-1150
In order to characterise the dairy production systems as well as the productive and reproductive performance of dairy cows
in the study area, a total of 256 and 54 dairy farms were used for survey and monitoring data collection, respectively. Based
on breed, land size, feed and market accessibility, two major dairy production systems were identified: a rather specialized,
urban, and a peri-urban dairy production system. Urban farmers owned larger herds but farmed less land, and sold a greater
proportion of liquid milk than peri-urban farmers, who processed more milk. Purchased feed played a more important role for
the feed supply of urban than peri-urban farms. Significant breed effects were found for productive and reproductive performance
traits. It is concluded that improved breeding and health management, genetic improvement of local breeds and supplementation
of poor quality feed resources are the key factors for enhancing productivity of dairy cows and thereby increasing family
income from milk production. 相似文献
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围产期奶牛,特别是高产奶牛普遍处于能量负平衡状态,容易导致生产性能降低和酮病、脂肪肝等代谢病的发生。通过育种、改善日粮和使用添加剂等技术措施,可提高奶牛的干物质采食量（dry matter intake,DMI）,在一定程度上提高奶牛的生产性能和改善奶牛的健康状况。作者对奶牛采食量的意义及其影响因素进行了叙述,并提出了一些可以提高奶牛采食量的技术措施。 相似文献
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奶牛围产期的饲养管理是规模化奶牛场生产环节中的重中之重,该项工作不仅影响奶牛泌乳量和生鲜乳品质,还直接决定新生犊牛的健康水平和奶牛的产后恢复情况。因此,各牧场需要加强奶牛围产期的饲养管理,让奶牛在分娩前后平稳过渡。本文从营养需要、分群、饲养和环境等方面介绍了奶牛围产前期和围产后期的管理需要,以期为围产期奶牛的科学饲养管理提供理论参考。 相似文献