共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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魏国华 《北方牧业(奶牛)》2009,(2)
奶牛产前15天（围产前期）和产后15天（围产后期）的一段时间称为围产期,这期间奶牛要经历干奶、分娩、泌乳三个不同的生理阶段,此阶段奶牛最易生病和死亡。围产期健康决定着奶牛产奶量多少和经济效益高低。因此抓好该期饲养管理,对奶牛提高经济效益至关重要。 相似文献
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一、奶牛泌乳阶段的饲养 奶牛从产犊到泌乳期结束,按着奶牛泌乳规律将奶牛泌乳阶段划分为围产期、泌乳上升期、泌乳高峰期、泌乳稳定期、末乳期和干乳期6个阶段。为了调动各个阶段的生理功能,按着各阶段的变化,必须采取相应的管理措施。 (一)围产期的饲养管理。母牛分娩前15天至分娩后15天称围产期,以分娩为界又分为围产前期和围产后期。 相似文献
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《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2017,(12)
本文主要介绍奶牛在围产前期、分娩期、围产后期3个时期的饲养管理技术要点。影响牛奶产量和品质的因素很多,而围产期奶牛作为奶牛产前与产后的一个过渡时期,这一阶段对母牛产后的生产性能、健康和所产犊牛的健康有十分重要的意义,因此,做好此阶段的饲养管理非常重要。 相似文献
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围产期是指奶牛临产前的3周(围产前期)和产后2～3周(围产后期)的这段时间,奶牛在此期间要经历干奶、分娩、泌乳3个不同生理阶段[1],因此围产期奶牛饲养管理的好坏,直接关系到以后整个泌乳期的产奶量和经济效益的高低,现将其饲养管理介绍如下,供参考。1围产前期的饲养管理[2]此阶段主要是使奶牛由以粗料为主的饲养模式 相似文献
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正围产期是指奶牛产前15d到产后15d这一阶段,其中产前15d为围产前期,这一阶段对母牛产后的生产性能、健康和所产犊牛的健康有十分重要的意义;产后15d为围产后期。围产期奶牛经历了干奶、日粮结构变化、饲养环境改变、分娩、产奶等生理与代谢变化,对围产期奶牛护理的好坏将直接影响着整个泌乳周期产奶性能的发挥和经济效益的提高,这一阶段奶牛在生理上发生了很大变化,抵抗力降低,极易患病,必须进行科学的饲养管理。 相似文献
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奶牛围产期对整个奶牛泌乳周期生产性能发挥非常重要,奶牛围产期的生理变化非常明显,容易感染多种疾病,严重的会对整个泌乳时期的产奶量,同时也会降低新生牛犊的健康状态。所以,对围产期的奶牛尽量选择具有针对性和科学性的管理措施,以保障奶牛正常发挥生产性能。本文主要分析了围产期奶牛的生理特点,介绍了奶牛围产前期和围产后期的饲养管理要点,供参考。 相似文献
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奶牛养殖过程中,围产期被认为是最重要的时期之一,在该时期奶牛从干奶状态转为泌乳状态,生理上所受的应激造成奶牛泌乳早期采食量降低,易发生能量负平衡.此外,奶牛生产性能和繁殖性能也会降低,并常常伴有一些围产期疾病的发生,如脂肪肝、酮症、乳房炎等.胆碱能影响奶牛的生产与繁殖性能,参与奶牛的脂肪代谢,可降低脂肪肝发生率,提高免疫性能.对围产期奶牛饲喂过瘤胃保护胆碱(rumen protected choline,RPC),可改善奶牛机体代谢,增加小肠胆碱供应,进而提高奶产量、改善乳成分、缓解脂肪肝、减少围产期疾病的发生.本文综述了RPC对围产期奶牛干物质采食量、生产性能、乳成分以及健康状况的影响,旨在为围产期奶牛的养殖提供理论参考依据. 相似文献
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ZHAO Shanjiang HAO Haisheng LIU Yunxiang WANG Xianjun XU Li LI Laibao HU Zhihui ZHU Huabin 《中国畜牧兽医》2007,47(11):3618-3625
Under the modern large-scale and intensive dairy farming production mode,the continuous supply of feed with high nutrition level is the material basis for maintaining the rapid growth and development of reserve cows and the high lactation performance of lactating cows.However,after the genetic quality reaches the "bottleneck period",although the milk yield of dairy cow can continue to maintain a certain high level with the continuous improvement of the nutrient concentration of feed and the increase of dry matter intake (DMI),the incidence of nutritional metabolic diseases of high-yield dairy cows also shows a rapid growth trend,especially ketosis caused by the negative energy balance in perinatal period,acidosis caused by high-precision diet and the increase of blood urea nitrogen caused by high-protein diet,negatively regulate the reproductive performance of dairy cows,resulting in inconspicuous postpartum estrus,decreased mating rate and conception rate of dairy cows,which directly affect the update speed of dairy cows production groups,the normal performance of high-quality cattle and the economic benefits of dairy farming.In this paper,the author introduced in detail the relevant research on the current situation and its mechanism influence of different nutritional metabolic diseases on the reproductive performance of dairy cows in recent years,and focused on analyzing the molecular mechanism of nutritional and metabolic diseases with high perinatal incidence such as ketosis,low blood calcium and moderate gastric acid,and put forward the prospect and thinking on the future research direction of nutritional and metabolic diseases and reproductive performance of high-yielding dairy cows,in order to provide some reference and theoretical basis for improving the reproductive efficiency of high-yielding dairy cows in large-scale pastures in China and the perinatal nutrition management level of dairy cows. 相似文献
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现代规模化、集约化奶牛养殖生产模式下,不断供给高营养水平日粮是维持后备牛快速生长发育和泌乳母牛高泌乳性能的物质基础。然而,在遗传品质到达"瓶颈期"后,尽管随着日粮营养浓度的不断提高和干物质采食量（DMI）的增加,奶牛单产水平可以继续维持在一定的高水平状态,但是高产奶牛的营养代谢性疾病的发病率也呈现快速增长趋势,特别是围产期能量负平衡（negative energy balance,NEB）引起的酮病,高精日粮引发的酸中毒、高蛋白质日粮引起的血液中尿素氮升高等营养代谢性疾病,负调控奶牛繁殖性能,造成奶牛产后发情不明显,配种率和受胎率下降等,直接影响奶牛生产群的更新速度、优质牛群泌乳性能正常发挥以及奶牛养殖的经济效益。作者详细介绍了近年来国内外不同营养代谢性疾病对奶牛繁殖性能影响的相关研究资料,重点分析了酮病、低血钙、瘤胃酸中毒等围产期高发的营养代谢性疾病影响奶牛繁殖性能的分子机制,并对营养代谢性疾病与高产奶牛繁殖性能今后研究的方向提出了展望和思考,以期为提高中国规模化牧场高产奶牛群繁殖效率和母牛围产期营养管理水平提供一定的借鉴和理论依据。 相似文献
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奶牛日粮的配制是奶牛饲养管理的重要环节,本文根据奶牛的消化生理特性和反刍动物特殊营养需要的基本理论,着重讨论了各种营养物质对泌乳期和干乳期奶牛的功能作用和需要量,提供了一系列有生产实用价值的饲料营养应用数据资料,用以指导奶牛日粮的配制。 相似文献
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Kida K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(7):557-563
The aim of this study was to evaluate the practicability of using the metabolic profile test (MPT) as a preventive tool for periparturient disease of dairy cows. The MPT was assessed in 79 dairy herds with high incidence of periparturient disease and 76 healthy herds of cows producing more than 8,500 kg 305-day milk yield. The changes in metabolic profiles were also assessed in 17 dairy herds at two times, the first at high incidence of periparturient disease and the second after reduced incidence and improved feeding management. In the herds with high incidence of periparturient disease, low blood values of hematocrit, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, calcium and magnesium were observed in the dry period. These values correctly diagnosed malnutrition as the cause of periparturient diseases. Following feeding management changes, there was a low incidence of periparturient disease and the metabolic profiles were normal showing that feeding management had improved. We concluded that the MPT is a useful tool for assessing feeding management and periparturient diseases of dairy cows. 相似文献