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1.
选取280只3周龄的从雄性商品内鸡进行试验,研究玉米一豆粕型低磷饲粮中添加葡萄糖酸钠和植酸酶对内鸡磷利用的影响.试验采用2×3+1设计,其中葡萄糖酸钠两个水平(0,2%),植酸酶3个水平(0,500,1000 U/kg).另设一满足NKC(1994)钙、磷需要的正常饲粮,共构成7个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复8只鸡.试验期为3-6周龄.自由采食和饮水.结果表明:与正对照组相比.低磷基础饲粮显著降低了肉仔鸡的胫骨灰分含量(P<0.001);添加2%葡萄糖酸钠显著提高了肉仔鸡的血清钙水平(P=0.035);添加植酸酶提高了肉仔鸡的钙(P=0.020)、磷表观存留率(P＝0.036)和胫骨灰分含量(P<0.001).未观察到葡萄糖酸钠和植酸酶之间存在互作(P>0.05).这些结果说明,葡萄糖酸钠和植酸酶均可改善后期肉鸡对磷的利用. 相似文献
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微生物植酸酶与1～21日龄肉鸡饲粮无机磷当量模型研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
本试验研究饲粮非植酸磷（NPP）和植酸酶添加水平对1～21日龄肉鸡生长性能、养分利用、血液指标及胫骨发育的影响,确定微生物植酸酶与无机磷当量关系。试验设计10个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复10只鸡。前4种饲粮NPP水平为2.1、2.9、3.7和4.5 g/kg;后6种饲粮在基础饲粮（NPP 2.1 g/kg,总磷（tP）4.5 g/kg）中添加植酸酶250、500、1 000、2 000、4 000和8 000 U/kg。结果显示：（1）随饲粮NPP水平升高,肉鸡体增重、采食量、饲料转化率、血浆无机磷浓度、胫骨长度、强度、灰分含量与重量、胫骨磷含量以及粗蛋白质、tP和Ca利用率呈二次曲线升高,而死亡率、血浆Ca含量及碱性磷酸酶活性呈二次曲线降低;（2）随植酸酶水平升高,肉鸡生长性能、血浆和胫骨指标、养分利用率呈现与NPP水平增加类似的趋势;（3）当植酸酶水平达到8 000 U/kg时,肉鸡生长性能、血浆和胫骨指标以及粗蛋白质利用率达到对照组（NPP 4.5 g/kg）水平,总磷利用率提高到85%,植酸磷释放率达到94.84%;（4）以胫骨灰分重量为指标,饲粮中无机磷释放量（y,g/kg）与微生物植酸酶添加水平（x,U/kg）之间的关系模型为y = 0.425 4 × log2（1 ＋ x/250） ＋ 0.283 （n=7,R^2 = 0.915 3,P=0.000 7）。结果表明,高水平植酸酶可降解肉鸡饲粮中几乎全部植酸磷,植酸酶添加水平与无机磷当量模型可为确定配方中磷水平提供参考。 相似文献
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文章旨在研究低磷、低钙水平日粮添加植酸酶、柠檬酸和碳水化合物酶对1~21 d肉鸡生长性能及养分消化率的影响。试验选择1日龄肉仔鸡576只,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复24只鸡。试验共分为6种日粮,阳性对照组日粮(正常钙磷水平)、阴性对照日粮(低磷、低钙)、阴性对照日粮+600 IU/kg植酸酶,阴性对照日粮+600 IU/kg植酸酶+5 g/kg柠檬酸,阴性对照日粮+600 IU/kg植酸酶+500 mg/kg复合碳水化合物酶,阴性对照日粮+600 IU/kg植酸酶+5 g/kg柠檬酸+500 mg/kg复合碳水化合物酶。试验共开展21 d。结果显示:阳性对照组肉鸡日增重和采食量显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05);植酸酶组添加碳水化合物酶较单独添加植酸酶组显著提高了肉鸡的日增重(P<0.05);植酸酶+碳水化合物酶较阴性对照组显著改善了料肉比(P<0.05)。阳性对照组较阴性对照组显著提高肉鸡胫骨灰分含量(P<0.05);植酸酶组显著提高了总磷、有效磷和植酸磷的回肠表观消化率(P<0.05),同时植酸酶组添加柠檬酸或碳水化合物酶进一步提高了总磷和植酸磷的回肠表观消化率(P<0.05)。阴性对照组添加植酸酶显著提高了表观代谢能及干物质、总能、氮和总磷的表观沉积量(P<0.05),而植酸酶组添加碳水化合物酶提高了干物质和总磷表观沉积量(P<0.05)。结论:在本试验条件下,低磷、低钙水平日粮添加植酸酶和碳水化合物酶改善了肉鸡生长性能、提高了营养物质的消化率和沉积量,而植酸酶日粮添加柠檬酸可以改善营养物质消化率和沉积量。 相似文献
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试验在低磷日粮中分别添加普通植酸酶与耐高温植酸酶,研究两种植酸酶对肉仔鸡营养物质表观消化率及胫骨灰分含量的影响。选用4 800只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为6个处理,每个处理设5个重复。试验分2期进行,1~3周和4~6周。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理1组降低基础日粮的磷水平,处理2组与处理3组分别在其基础上添加普通植酸酶500、2 000 U/kg,处理4组和处理5组分别添加耐高温植酸酶250、500 U/kg。结果表明:①当降低基础日粮中磷添加水平时,降低了磷的表观消化率;在此基础上添加500~2 000 U/kg普通植酸酶或250~500 U/kg耐热植酸酶,显著提高了磷的表观消化率,且超过了对照组,其中以250~500 U/kg耐热植酸酶与2 000 U/kg普通植酸酶效果理想。降低磷添加水平或添加不同来源植酸酶对粗蛋白质和钙的表观消化率基本没有影响;②当降低基础日粮中磷添加水平时,显著降低了胫骨灰分和磷的含量(P<0.05),同时钙含量呈降低趋势(P>0.05);在此基础上添加500~2 000 U/kg普通植酸酶或250~500 U/kg耐热植酸酶,胫骨灰分和钙、磷的含量恢复到或超出对照组水平。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究低钙磷饲粮添加高剂量植酸酶对1～63日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能及胫骨性能的影响。选用1 080只1日龄岭南黄羽肉公雏,根据体重一致原则分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复30只。试验期63 d。结果表明:①植酸酶的添加可显著提高体重、平均日增重(P<0.05);②添加植酸酶显著提高了胫骨骨密度(P<0.05);MP+4 000、LP+4 000组胫骨脱水脱脂重显著提高(P<0.05);MP+4 000组胫骨灰分含量、磷含量显著提高(P<0.05);植酸酶的添加对胫骨钙含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,低钙磷饲粮添加高剂量植酸酶可提高1～63日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能,改善胫骨性能。可考虑用4 000 FTU/kg植酸酶部分替代或者完全替代玉米-豆粕型饲粮中磷酸氢钙。 相似文献
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植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能、血液生化指标的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用306只艾维茵肉鸡研究低磷日粮中添加两种不同植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能、血液生化指标、胫骨质量以及屠宰性能的影响。试验共分3个处理组,即对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复34只鸡。对照组饲喂正常磷水平的日粮;试验Ⅰ组饲喂低磷+植酸酶Ⅰ的日粮;试验Ⅱ组饲喂低磷+植酸酶Ⅱ的日粮,试验结果表明:添加植酸酶Ⅰ对日增重、采食量以及料肉比无显著差异,但提高了肉鸡的存活率(P<0.05);添加植酸酶Ⅱ,在1～21、1～49d阶段,日增重、采食量显著降低(P<0.05),但料肉比无显著差异,存活率显著提高(P<0.05)。植酸酶替代日粮中部分磷酸氢钙后,显著降低了血清中尿素氮浓度,对血清中钙、磷浓度以及碱性磷酸酶活性无显著性影响;对肉鸡胫骨质量无显著性影响;对肉鸡屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率也无显著性影响,但显著降低了肉鸡的腹脂率(P<0.05),显著提高了其胸肌率(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2017,(16):22-29
试验旨在研究含25-羟基维生素D3(25-OH-D3)低磷日粮中添加高剂量植酸酶对1~42日龄肉鸡生长性能、骨骼矿化和钙磷沉积率的影响。将250只1日龄肉鸡公雏随机分成5个处理,每个处理5个重复,每重复10只。1个对照组:非植酸磷(NPP)含量为0.45%/0.35%;4个试验组按照2×2因子设计试验:2个NPP含量(1~21日龄,NPP含量分别为0.35%和0.25%;22~42日龄,NPP含量分别为0.25%和0.15%),植酸酶2个添加水平为1 000 IU/kg和10 000 IU/kg。结果显示:(1)与日粮中NPP含量0.35%/0.25%相比,NPP含量为0.25%/0.15%时,42日龄肉鸡体增重、血浆无机磷浓度、股骨和胫骨灰分重量、钙含量以及跖骨直径和磷含量显著降低(P<0.05),31~34日龄肉鸡钙沉积率和11~14日龄肉鸡磷沉积率显著提高(P<0.05)。(2)与日粮中植酸酶添加1 000 IU/kg相比,植酸酶添加10 000 IU/kg时,42日龄肉鸡体增重、采食量、血浆无机磷浓度、股骨重量和灰分重量、胫骨和跖骨长度显著提高(P<0.05),11~14日龄肉鸡钙磷沉积率显著提高(P<0.05)。(3)与日粮中NPP含量0.45%/0.35%相比,日粮中0.35%/0.25%NPP+1 000 IU/kg植酸酶或0.25%/0.15%NPP+10 000 IU/kg植酸酶时,肉鸡生长性能和骨骼矿化(除跖骨磷含量外)未受到显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,1~42日龄肉鸡日粮中NPP含量为0.35%/0.25%时,植酸酶适宜添加量为1 000 IU/kg;NPP含量为0.25%/0.15%时,植酸酶适宜添加量为10 000 IU/kg。 相似文献
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不同植酸酶对饲喂低磷日粮肉鸡生长性能及粪N、P排泄的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用306只艾维茵肉鸡研究低磷日粮中添加两种不同植酸酶对肉鸡生产性能、养分利用率及氮、磷排泄的影响。试验共分3个处理组,即对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复34只鸡。对照组饲喂正常磷水平的日粮;试验Ⅰ组饲喂低磷＋植酸酶Ⅰ的日粮;试验Ⅱ组饲喂低磷＋植酸酶Ⅱ的日粮。试验结果表明,添加植酸酶替代日粮中部分无机磷,肉鸡的日增重和日采食量与对照组相比降低,但差异不显著（P＞0.05）;提高了肉鸡的存活率（P＜0.05）和钙、磷利用率（P＜0.05）;同时氮利用率有一定程度改善（P＞0.05）,显著减少了氮、磷的排泄量（P＜0.05）。添加植酸酶Ⅰ与添加植酸酶Ⅱ相比,肉鸡的日增重与日采食量提高（P＜0.05）,氮的排泄量显著降低（P＜0.05）,磷的排泄量没有差异。 相似文献
10.
植酸酶提高肉鸡生长性能和磷利用率的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本研究在不同类型和有效磷水平日粮中添加植酸酶对肉用仔鸡进行生长性能和磷利用效果评定，结果表明：①不同有效磷水平日粮加植酸酶（２００～４００Ｐｕ／ｋｇ）均明显提高体增重、饲料利用率，在玉米—糠麸—菜、豆粕日粮中加植酸酶的反应受日粮有效磷水平的影响，低磷日粮加植酸酶有较大的应答；②肉鸡生长性能的改善与磷、钙、锌利用增高相关，饲喂添加植酸酶日粮的肉鸡血清磷、胫骨灰分、磷、钙、锌含量提高，植酸磷、总磷、钙的表观利用率增加；③添加植酸酶，玉米—豆粕型日粮对肉鸡增重和饲料效率未见明显改善，而玉米—糠麸—棉、豆粕型日粮对肉鸡生长性能有提高趋势；④含较高植酸磷的肉鸡日粮中添加植酸酶可减少或不添加无机磷酸盐 相似文献
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Dietary cholecalciferol and phosphorus influence intestinal mucosa phytase activity in broiler chicks 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1. The role of cholecalciferol and phosphorus in the regulation of intestinal mucosa phytase was investigated in broiler chicks. 2. A total of 144 7-d-old male broiler chicks were grouped by weight into 6 blocks of 4 cages with 6 broiler chicks per cage. Four maize-soybean meal-based mash diets were randomly assigned to cages within each block. The 4 diets consisted of cholecalciferol at 0 or 75 microg/kg and total phosphorus at 3.6 or 7.0 g/kg in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The birds were given the experimental diets for 12 d under conditions which excluded ultraviolet light. 3. Broiler chicks fed on diets with the higher concentration of cholecalciferol had higher Vmax and Km of the mucosa phytase, weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and percentage tibia ash, higher ileal digestibility of dry matter, energy, phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca), and increased retention of dry matter, nitrogen, P, Ca and energy. 4. Broiler chicks receiving diets with the higher P concentration showed lower Vmax and Km of the intestinal mucosa phytase but greater weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and percentage tibia ash, higher ileal digestibility of dry matter, energy, P and nitrogen, and increased retention of dry matter, energy, nitrogen and Ca. 5. In conclusion, both dietary P and cholecalciferol influenced the activity of intestinal mucosa phytase. 相似文献
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D. J. FARRELL 《British poultry science》1998,39(5):601-611
1. In the first of 2 experiments ducklings grown from 2 to 19 d were given diets with 0, 200 or 400 g rice bran, with or without a phytase and with 1 or 3 g inorganic phosphorus (Pi) per kg for rice bran-based diets only. In the 2nd experiment rice bran concentrations were 0, 300 or 600 g rice bran per kg with or without a phytase and 1 g Pi/kg. Ducks were grown from 19 to 40 d of age. 2. In experiment 1, a response to phytase was observed for weight gain and food intake on most diets except those with 200 g rice bran (3 g Pi) and 400 g rice bran (1 g P)i/kg. Main effects showed that 400 g rice bran depressed growth rate and food conversion ratio (FCR); increasing Pi depressed food intake, while food phytase increased food intake and growth rate over 2 to 19 d. There were several interactions. Dry matter and P retention were reduced but N digestibility improved when rice bran was increased from 200 g to 400 g/kg at 2 to 10 d of age; apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and calcium retentions were improved, similar results being seen at 10 to 19 d of age. Calcium and P retentions increased with the addition of food phytase and, at 10 to 19 d of age, phytase increased dry matter digestibility. Increasing Pi improved calcium and P retention, but only at 2 to 10 d of age. 3. Tibia ash (g or g/kg) content of bone was lowest on the diet without rice bran and without phytase; Pi concentration had no effect but phytase increased tibia ash on diets with 0 and 200 g rice bran and 1 g Pi/kg. Retention of several minerals in tibia ash declined at the highest rice bran inclusion rate; Pi level and phytase both increased Mg retention. 4. In experiment 2, food intake and growth rate of ducks, but not FCR, declined as rice bran inclusion increased from 0 to 600 g/kg. Phytase improved growth rate but not food intake and FCR on all 3 diets. Dry matter digestibility declined with increasing rice bran inclusion, but AME increased; retention of P and Mg declined but those of Ca and Fe increased. Phytase improved dry matter digestibility and retention of N and P. AME also increased but this was only on diets with 0 and 600 g rice bran/kg. There were reductions of 8% and 10% in P excreted in experiments 1 and 2 respectively when food phytase was added. 5. Tibia ash declined with increasing dietary inclusion of rice bran. Zn and Mn in ash tended to decline and Mg to increase; Ca and P showed no change in concentration in tibia ash. Again, phytase increased tibia ash content in bone. 6. It was concluded that there were a number of unexpected benefits from adding a food phytase to these diets, which resulted in improved nutrient yield and bird performance, although several of the diets appeared to be adequate in available P. 相似文献
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Ao T Pierce JL Pescatore AJ Cantor AH Dawson KA Ford MJ Shafer BL 《British poultry science》2007,48(6):690-695
1. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Bioplex Zn (a chelated zinc proteinate) and phytase supplementation in a maize-soybean meal diet on the performance and tissue zinc (Zn) content of broiler chicks. Treatment structure consisted of a 2 x 6 factorial arrangement with two inclusions of phytase (0 or 500 PU/kg) and 6 of Bioplex Zn providing 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg Zn/kg diet. A total of 864 chicks were randomly assigned to each of 12 dietary treatments with 6 replicate cages of 12 chicks. 2. Dietary inclusion of phytase increased feed intake, weight gain, plasma Zn content, tibia Zn content, tibia and ash weight. 3. Dietary supplementation of Bioplex Zn linearly increased feed intake, weight gain, gain to feed ratio, plasma Zn concentration, liver Zn concentration, tibia Zn content, tibia and ash weight. 4. An interactive effect of phytase and Bioplex Zn on feed intake, weight gain, tibia Zn concentration and tibia ash weight was found. 5. One slope, straight broken-line analysis of weight gain regressed on the supplemental Zn level provided as Bioplex Zn indicated that 12 mg/kg supplemental Zn without phytase and 7.4 mg/kg supplemental Zn with phytase were required for the optimal weight gain of chicks. 相似文献
14.
Boling SD Webel DM Mavromichalis I Parsons CM Baker DH 《Journal of animal science》2000,78(3):682-689
Several bioassays were conducted with young chicks and pigs fed phosphorus (P)-deficient corn-soybean meal diets. With diets for chicks containing .62% Ca and .42% P (.10% available P), graded doses of a citric acid + sodium citrate (1:1, wt:wt) mixture (0, 1, 2, 4, or 6% of diet) resulted in linear (P < .01) increases in both weight gain and tibia ash. Relative to chicks fed no citric acid, tibia ash (%) and weight gain (g/d) were increased by 43 and 22%, respectively, in chicks fed 6% citric acid. Additional chick trials showed that 6% citric acid alone or sodium citrate alone was as efficacious as the citric acid + sodium citrate mixture and that 1,450 U/kg of phytase produced a positive response in bone ash and weight gain in chicks fed a diet containing 6% citrate. Varying the Ca:available P ratio with and without citrate supplementation indicated that citric acid primarily affected phytate-P utilization, not Ca, in chicks. Moreover, chicks did not respond to citrate supplementation when fed a P-deficient (.13% available P), phytate-free casein-dextrose diet. Young pigs averaging 10 to 11 kg also were used to evaluate citric acid efficacy in two experiments. A P-deficient corn-soybean meal basal diet was used to construct five treatment diets that contained 1) no additive, 2) 3% citric acid, 3) 6% citric acid, 4) 1,450 U/kg phytase, and 5) 6% citric acid + 1,450 U/kg phytase. Phytase supplementation increased (P < .01) weight gain, gain:feed, and metatarsal ash, whereas citric acid addition increased only gain:feed (P < .05) and metatarsal ash (P < .08). A subsequent 22-d pig experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of lower levels of citric acid (0, 1, 2, or 3%) or 1,450 U/kg phytase addition to a P-deficient corn-soybean meal diet. Phytase supplementation improved (P < .01) all criteria measured. Weight gain and gain:feed data suggested a response to citric acid addition, but this was not supported by fibula ash results (P > .10). The positive responses to phytase were much greater than those to citric acid in both pig experiments. Thus, dietary citric acid effectively improved phytate P utilization in chicks but had a much smaller effect in pigs. 相似文献
15.
A 28-d experiment was conducted using 126 crossbred barrows to evaluate the addition of a genetically engineered Escherichia coli phytase to diets that were 0.15% deficient in available P. Growth performance, bone strength, ash weight, and the apparent absorption of P, Ca, Mg, N, energy, DM, Zn, Fe, and Cu were the response criteria. The pigs (2 pigs/pen) averaged 7.61 kg of BW and 30 d of age initially. The low-P basal diet was supplemented with 0, 100, 500, 2,500, or 12,500 units (U) of E. coli phytase/kg of diet, or 500 U of Peniophora lycii phytase/kg of diet. The positive control (PC) diet was adequate in available P. Pigs were fed the diets in meal form. Fecal samples were collected from each pig from d 22 to 27 of the experiment. There were linear and quadratic increases (P < 0.001) in 28-d growth performance (ADFI, ADG, and G:F), bone breaking strength and ash weight, and the apparent absorption (g/d and %) of P, Ca, and Mg (P < or = 0.01 for quadratic) with increasing concentrations of E. coli phytase. Pigs fed the low-P diets containing 2,500 or 12,500 U/kg of E. coli phytase had greater (P < or = 0.01 or P < 0.001, respectively) values for growth performance, bone breaking strength and ash weight, and the apparent absorption (g/d and %) of P, Ca, and Mg than pigs fed the PC diet. The addition of E. coli phytase did not increase the apparent percentage absorption of N, GE, DM, Zn, Fe, or Cu. There were no differences in the efficacy of the E. coli or P. lycii phytase enzymes at 500 U/kg of low-P diet for any criterion measured. In conclusion, there were linear increases in growth performance, bone breaking strength and ash weight, and the apparent absorption of P, Ca, and Mg with increasing addition of E. coli phytase up to 12,500 U/kg of diet. Also, all of these criteria were greater for pigs fed the low-P diets containing 2,500 or 12,500 U of E. coli phytase/kg than for pigs fed the PC diet. The addition of 500, 2,500, or 12,500 U of E. coli phytase/kg of low-P diet reduced P excretion (g/d) in manure by 35, 42, and 61%, respectively, compared with pigs fed the PC diet. 相似文献
16.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2006,15(1):72-81
Three experiments were conducted to study the effects of broiler strain and phytase supplementation on chick nonphytate P (NPP) requirements for growth, feed intake, and tibia ash. The first experiment compared the NPP requirements for 8- to 22-d-old chicks from 2 broiler strains, Ross 308 and 708, that have been selected for differences in early weight gain and performance. The second experiment utilized similar 8- to 22-d-old Ross 308 and 708 chicks but also compared the effects of dietary fungal phytase supplementation (600 U/kg) on broiler NPP requirements. The third experiment utilized a younger starting age, 5 to 23 d old, for Ross 308 and 708 chicks with and without phytase supplementation. Minor differences in chick growth did not affect chick NPP requirements in Experiments 1 and 3, but a substantial and unexplained reduction of growth of the Ross 708 chicks in Experiment 2 resulted in a lower NPP requirement for chick growth and feed intake but not for tibia ash. As expected, supplementation of diets with fungal phytase did result in decreased NPP requirements for growth, feed intake, and tibia ash in both strains used in Experiment 3. 相似文献
17.
Efficiency of microbial phytase supplementation in diets formulated with different calcium:phosphorus ratios,supplied to broilers from 22 to 33 days old 
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下载免费PDF全文 L. de P. Naves P. B. Rodrigues L. do V. Teixeira E. C. de Oliveira M. M. Saldanha R. R. Alvarenga A. D. Corrêa R. R. Lima 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(1):139-149
An experiment was conducted with broilers from 22 to 33 days of age to evaluate the efficiency of six microbial phytases supplemented in diets (1500 FTU/kg) that were formulated with three different calcium:available phosphorus (Ca:Pavail) ratios (4.5:1.0, 6.0:1.0 and 7.5:1.0). A positive control diet without phytase was formulated with a Ca:Pavail ratio of 7.5:3.4 to meet the nutritional requirements of the broilers. The P and ash contents of the tibia, magnesium in the plasma, performance, balance and retention of phytate phosphorus (Pphyt), intake of total P and nitrogen (N), nitrogen‐corrected apparent metabolizable energy and apparent digestibility of dry matter of the diets were not influenced (p > 0.05) by the type of phytase or the dietary Ca:Pavail ratio. However, there was an interaction (p < 0.05) between the phytase type and the Ca:Pavail ratio for the retention coefficients of total P, Ca and N. Phytase B resulted in the highest Ca deposition in the tibia (p < 0.01). Phytases D, E and F reduced the Ca concentrations in the tibia (p < 0.01) and plasma (p < 0.05). Phytase D increased the P level in the plasma and decreased the total P excretion (p < 0.01). Phytases E and F increased Ca excretion, while phytase A reduced it (p < 0.01). Regardless of the phytase type, increasing the dietary Ca:Pavail ratio reduced (p < 0.05) the plasma P concentration and the excretion of total P and N and, conversely, increased (p < 0.05) the plasma concentration, intake and excretion of Ca. For the rearing period evaluated, it is possible to reduce the Pavail of the diet to 1.0 g/kg when Ca is maintained at 7.5 g/kg, and the diet is supplemented with 1500 FTU of phytase A, C, D or E/kg. This diet allows the maintenance of performance and adequate bone mineralization, and it improves the Ca, total P and Pphyt utilization in addition to reducing the excretion of N and P into the environment. 相似文献
18.
Four chick trials and one pig trial were conducted to investigate the phosphorus-releasing efficacy oftwo commercial phytase enzymes (Natuphos and Ronozyme) and an experimental E. coli phytase enzyme (ECP) when added to corn-soybean meal diets containing no supplemental inorganic P (iP). In the 13- or 14-d chick trials, three or four graded levels of iP (0, 0.05,0.10,0.15%) from KH2PO4 were added to the basal diet to construct standard curves from which bioavailable P release could be calculated for the phytase treatments. In all cases, phytase supplementation levels were based on an assessment of phytase premix activity (i.e., P release from Na phytate at pH 5.5). Linear (P < 0.01) responses in tibia ash and weight gain resulted from iP supplementation in all assays. In the first chick trial, supplementation of 500 phytase units (FTU)/kg of ECP resulted in superior (P < 0.01) weight gain and tibia ash values compared with 500 FTU/kg of Natuphos. Results of the second chick trial revealed P-release values of 0.032 and 0.028% for 500 FTU/kg Natuphos and Ronozyme, respectively, and these were lower (P < 0.01) than the 0.125% P-release value for 500 FTU/kg of ECP. Tibia ash responded quadratically (P < 0.05) in response to graded levels of ECP up to 1,500 FTU/kg in the third chick trial. Combining Natuphos with either Ronozyme or ECP in Chick Trial 4 revealed no synergism between phytases with different initiation sites of P removal. The pig trial involved 10 individually fed weanling pigs per diet, and and phytase enzymes were supplemented to provide 400 FTU/kg in diets containing 0.60% Ca. Based on the linear regression of fibula ash on supplemental iP intake (r2 = 0.87), P-release values were 0.081% for Natuphos, 0.043% for Ronozyme, and 0.108% for ECP. These trials revealed an advantage of the E. coli phytase over the commercial phytases in young chicks. 相似文献
19.
1. A 3-week feeding trial with 96 sexed d-old broiler chickens was conducted to examine the effects of microbial phytase supplementation (Natuphos 5000) at 2 dietary energy concentrations on their performance, and the utilisation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) and on tibiae ash, Ca, P and Zn concentrations. Four replicate pens (6 birds per pen) of a completely randomised design were used in a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 2 contents of metabolisable energy (11.72 and 12.55 MJ ME/kg) and 2 additions of phytase (0 and 500 U of microbial phytase/kg). 2. Phytase supplementation significantly improved the utilisation of N, P, Ca and Zn (as a percentage of intake) and increased the concentration of Ca and Zn in the tibiae (P<0.05) because of higher intakes of dry matter, N, P, Ca and Zn. Phytase also significantly reduced the amount of P in the excreta (P<0.05). 3. The AME content of the diet influenced significantly (P<0.05) the excretion of N, P, Ca and Zn and the concentration of P and Ca in tibiae with the birds fed on the high AME diet excreting more minerals and having a smaller percentage of these minerals in their tibiae. However, there were strong interactions between phytase addition and AME in tibia ash and P, with the phytase supplementation producing a higher ash content at the higher AME a and a lower P content at the lower AME. 相似文献
20.
Four trials investigated the effect of high levels of three phytase enzymes on P and protein utilization in chicks. The three phytases were derived from Aspergillus (Fungal Phytase 1), Peniophora (Fungal Phytase 2), and E. coli. Within each assay, 8-d-old male chicks were given ad libitum access to their experimental diet for 10 to 14 d. For Trials 1, 2, and 3, the basal diet was a corn-soybean meal diet deficient in P that was analyzed to contain 23% CP and 0.38% total P (0.10% estimated available P, as-fed basis). Phytase supplementation levels were based on the assessment of phytase premix activity (i.e., P release from Na phytate at pH 5.5 and 37 degrees C). In Trial 1, supplementation of inorganic P from KH2PO4 (0 to 0.20%) resulted in a quadratic (P < 0.05) response in weight gain, gain:feed, and tibia ash concentration but a linear (P < 0.01) increase in tibia ash weight. Tibia ash was higher (P < 0.01) for chicks fed E. coli phytase than for those fed Fungal Phytase 1 at 500, 1,000, and 5,000 phytase units (FTU)/kg, but did not differ between these two phytases at 10,000 FTU/kg. In Trial 2, E. coli phytase supplementation at 1,000 FTU/kg maximized growth and bone responses, whereas addition of either of the two fungal phytases resulted in increasing responses up to 5,000 and 10,000 FTU/kg. Dietary addition of Fungal Phytase 2 resulted in the poorest (P < 0.01) responses among the three phytases. Escherichia coli phytase supplementation at 10,000 FTU/kg in Trial 3 resulted in tibia ash (millligrams) responses that were greater (P < 0.05) than those resulting from either 0.35% inorganic P supplementation or 10,000 FTU/kg of Fungal Phytase 1 or 2. Trial 4 showed that E. coli phytase supplementation at either 500 or 10,000 FTU/ kg did not improve protein efficiency ratio (gain per unit of protein intake) of chicks fed low-protein soybean meal or corn gluten meal diets that were first-limiting in either methionine or lysine, respectively. These results demonstrate that high dietary levels of efficacious phytase enzymes can release most of the P from phytate, but they do not improve protein utilization. 相似文献