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1.
攀枝花城市森林发展动态及景观格局分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对攀枝花市近十年城市森林主要定量指标数据和物种相对丰富度、破碎度、均匀度、优势度等4个主要景观格局指数进行了分析,第一次从宏观角度对该市城市森林进行了较为系统的研究。结果表明,当前攀枝花城市森林覆盖率、绿地率、城市绿化覆盖率这3项指标已达到并超过了国家森林城市评定标准,城市郊区森林覆盖率和人均公共绿地面积接近国家标准。市区有植物2 000种,研究区有植物1 326种,城市森林的物种组成相对丰富度为66.3%,城市森林破碎度指数0.0465,均匀度指数0.1242,优势度0.8758。综合各指数分析:攀枝花城市森林中街头绿地、单位附属绿地、行道树及其它绿地、苗圃地、果树林、竹林等几种完全根据人们的需要构建的城市森林类型,受人类生产活动的影响大,分布零散,抗干扰能力差,在整个城市森林景观中不占优势,占面积比例为12.18%;而公园、城市近郊的混交林、阔叶林、针叶林、疏林地和灌木林地等城市森林类型,物种组成复杂,受人类活动影响较小,多数都具有自我繁衍和发展扩张的能力,占面积比例为87.82%。攀枝花城市森林体系有着物种丰富,自然植被量大的先天优势,但由于起步晚,工业生产影响大等原因,存在分布不均,功能不完善,群落结构单一,单位面积生物量不高等问题。 相似文献
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西藏墨脱县森林植被生物量与碳储量分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于墨脱县森林资源二类调查数据等材料,采用材积源生物量法以及生物量转换连续因子法等经验模型,分不同森林植被类型计算各个小班的生物量并综合;再根据不同森林植被类型的含碳率计算各个小班的碳储量以及各森林植被类型的碳密度。结果表明,墨脱县实际控制区总的森林植被生物量为77 582 750.1 t,全县单位面积平均生物量为177.61 t/hm2;总碳储量为39 355 414.3 t,全县碳密度平均为90.10 t/hm2。从结果来看,墨脱县的森林生物生产力较高,森林资源质量较好,尤其是云杉(冷杉)的单位面积平均生物量高达311.60 t/hm2,质量非常好;全县单位面积平均生物量、碳密度均为针叶树较阔叶树大。 相似文献
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山西霍山森林群落生物量与碳密度研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《林业资源管理》2017,(1)
以山西霍山森林植被为研究对象,在野外样方调查的基础上,运用生物量换算因子连续函数法对霍山主要森林类型的生物量和碳密度进行了估算,并分析了影响生物量和碳密度分布的主要影响因素。山西霍山森林群落的平均单位面积生物量和碳密度分别为58.00t/hm~2和29.46t/hm~2。其中,辽东栎林具有较高的生物量(62.35t/hm~2)和碳密度(31.17 t/hm~2),其次为油松林(生物量58.44 t/hm~2,碳密度30.10 t/hm~2),白皮松林、侧柏林和刺槐林的生物量和碳密度较低。海拔与生物量、海拔与碳密度之间的相关系数分别为0.65和0.68,均表现出极显著的正相关(P<0.01);坡度、坡向和坡位与生物量和碳密度的相关性均未达到显著水平。海拔是影响山西霍山森林生物量和碳密度的最主要环境因子。 相似文献
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森林生物量与生产力研究综述 总被引：39，自引：2，他引：39
森林生态系统在维护全球碳平衡中有着重要作用，其生物量和生产力是研究生态系统碳平衡的基础数据，进一步推动了森林生物量和生产力的研究。阐述了森林生物量和生产力形成的生理生态学基础，不同森林类型的生物产量、区域分布格局，森林经营对生物产量的影响、研究方法和模型等。在多尺度上，采用先进的研究手段，围绕资源环境等热点问题来研究森林生物量和生产力，实现数据共享和网络化是森林生物量和生产力研究的发展趋势。 相似文献
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以钦廉林场2013、2019年二类调查数据为数据源，结合GIS软件，对两期森林景观进行分类；再利用excel计算所选取的景观指数，分析和研究森林景观格局变化情况。结果表明：（1）钦廉分场森林景观面积从2013～2019年减少了1 119.35 hm2，景观斑块数增加了7 133个，平均斑块面积在不断减少，森林景观破碎度持续增加。（2）钦廉林场2013年、2019年森林景观中有林地为主导景观类型，占比面积分别为73.81%、78.84%，无立木林地次之，占比面积为14.66%,10.13%，其他景观类型占比面积较小。2时期面积动态度变化最大的是宜林地，斑块数动态度变化最大的是未成林地，斑块破碎度最大的是宜林地。（3）钦廉林场从2013～2019年森林景观类型的比重差异性减小，各景观类型面积比重趋向均衡。 相似文献
7.
利用川西米亚罗林区森林资源清查数据,以森林蓄积量和森林生物量之间的关系模型为基础,对川西林业局301林场的森林生物量进行了估算,并对研究地区不同林龄及森林类型的森林生物量进行了分析。研究结果表明:1)研究区域林分总生物量为3 041 229t,林分单位面积平均生物量为87.13 t/hm2,低于全国生物量及四川省生物量的平均值,主要由于占绝对优势的云、冷杉林所处立地条件差,生物量较低造成;2)林分年龄结构不合理,成、过熟林面积较大(占69%);3)水土保持林的生物量在所有森林类型中所占比例最高(占80%)。 相似文献
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基于森林生物量相容性模型长白山天然林生物量估测 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用中国第四次(1997年)二类森林调查数据,借助长白山天然林森林生物量相容性模型,以汪清天然林区为例,对阔叶林、针叶林及针阔混交林等不同森林群落进行森林生物量及其分量的估测,研究区森林生物量密度及碳密度估测值分别为110.06 t/hm2和51.73 t/hm2,碳库估测值为0.0119 Gt C.阔叶林生物量占总森林生物量的59%,在该研究区占主导地位。 相似文献
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云南省森林生物量与生产力研究 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
曾伟生 《中南林业调查规划》2005,24(4):1-3,13
森林是陆地生态系统的主体,生物量是反映森林生态系统功能的重要指标.通过利用最新的(2002年)森林资源清查数据,以生物量与蓄积量之间的关系模型为基础,对云南省的森林生物量及生产力进行了估计,为碳汇研究及森林生态系统评价提供重要依据. 相似文献
10.
基于遥感信息的森林生物量、碳储量估测技术研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
利用遥感数据结合地面调查建立模型是定量评价森林生物量、碳储量的重要手段、以遥感数据及GIS易于获取的地学因子为主要信息源,应用逐步回归方法选取与森林生物量相关的7个遥感及地学因子为自变量,利用地面样地每木胸径调查数据结合生物量相对生长式获取样地生物量作为因变量,建立多元回归模型用于估测森林生物量．森林碳储量通过森林生物量结合碳转换系数获取、经方差分析检验,模型达到极显著相关水平．研究结果袁明,这一方法是获取较大尺度森林生物量、碳储量及其动态变化监测的有效方法． 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
16.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
19.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
20.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献