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1.
The first objective of this study was to search for a possible correlation between accumulation of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) and fruit transpiration in developing apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) fruit. Secondly, the work aimed to determine the significance of transpirational flux on Ca nutrition. We hypothesized that if the fruit transpiration is the determining factor of Ca accumulation (phloem‐immobile element) then the import of Ca would be suppressed by restriction of fruit water loss, while the import of phloem‐mobile nutrients (i.e., K and Mg) would not be. To test this hypothesis, the seasonal changes of transpiration and of Ca, K, and Mg concentration/accumulation were assessed in fruits left to naturally transpire or under restricted transpiration (bagged fruits). Fruit transpiration was measured on detached fruits using a portable gas‐exchange equipment (ADC‐LCA4, ADC BioScientific Ltd, Hoddesdon, England). Results demonstrated that 83% of total fruit Ca content was gained within the first 4 weeks after fruit‐set, and that Ca import ceased concomitantly to a reduction of transpiration. In spite of the limitation of fruit transpiration, Ca entered the nontranspiring fruits, and its concentration was about 45% of that in control fruits suggesting that other factor(s) operated for Ca accumulation. This study provides the evidence that fruit transpiration accounted for 55% of total Ca that entered a fruit. We conclude that optimal soil Ca availability and apportioning to the fruit during the early 4 weeks of growth are essential to sustain the fruit demand of this nutrient and that some cultural practices (e.g., summer pruning, irrigation) should be tested as possible tools to improve fruit Ca nutrition via increasing fruit transpiration. 相似文献
2.
Effect of external and internal factors on the calcium content of paprika and bean fruits In water culture experiments with paprika and bean plants the effect of Ca supply, transpiration and growth rate on the Ca content of the fruits has been studied. A 10-fold increase in Ca supply only slightly increased the Ca content. The Ca content of the paprika fruits was increased considerably at high transpiration rates of either the whole shoot or the single fruit. High transpiration also increased the Mg content but had no effect on the K content. In bean high transpiration rates only increased the Ca content in the early stages of fruit development. The ratio of Ca translocation versus water loss by transpiration sharply declined during fruit growth in both species. In paprika the highest ratio (μg Ca/ml) in the fruits corresponded with the ratio in the leaves. In bean fruits, however, this ratio distinctly exceeded that of fully developed leaves. At high transpiration rates of the shoot 20% of the Ca (45Ca) injected into the fruit were translocated out of the fruit. At low transpiration rates of the shoot the corresponding value was below 1%. Most of all the growth rate of the fruits affected the Ca content. With increasing growth rate the Ca transport into the fruits was hardly altered which in turn led to a sharp decrease of the Ca content per unit dry weight. The results support the idea of the Ca transport into the fruit via the xylem. This Ca transport — i.e. also the Ca content of the fruit — is regulated and is also to be influenced by direct or indirect alterations of the water transport in the xylem. 相似文献
3.
猕猴桃不同果园土壤和叶片营养状况分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以"金魁"猕猴桃为试材,分析了湖北宜昌雷家畈地区高中低产园及藤肿病园土壤和叶片营养状况,结果发现,高产园叶片Ca含量比其它果园高10%～17%,叶片Ca为影响猕猴桃产量的关键性因素,叶片Ca含量高则果园整体产量高;藤肿病发生严重的果园土壤有效Cu的含量为0.93 mg/kg,极显著低于其他果园;当地猕猴桃园土壤交换性Ca含量207.8～306.0 mg/kg,有效Fe含量1.98～3.00 mg/kg,处于缺乏状态;P和Cl元素含量丰富。土壤和叶片之间矿质元素有不同程度的相关,其中土壤与叶片之间Cl元素相关性极显著。 相似文献
4.
Ashis Maity Karuppnan Dinesh Babu Ananta Sarkar Ram Krishna Pal 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(9):1351-1363
The temporal changes of nutrient concentration in leaves and their accumulation in fruit are good indicators of plant nutrient demand for each developmental stage. Seasonality of nutrients in leaves and fruits of pomegranate and their relation with fruit quality was evaluated in commercial orchards using cv. “Bhagwa.” The concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) in leaves decreased while calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) concentration increased during fruit growth and development. Total nutrient accumulation increased gradually in fruit and translated into growth of arils, and increase in juice content and total soluble solids, however as the biomass accumulation in fruit was much faster than nutrient accumulation, concentration of majority nutrients except Mg decreased rapidly, followed by slow and continuous decrease till maturity. During fruit enlargement, demand for N, P, K, Fe, Cu and Zn was high while requirement for Ca, Mg and S was high during fruit development. 相似文献
5.
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) tree fruit showed after the endocarp lignification a fast growing stage during which fresh and dry weights increased abruptly. From the beginning of fruit ripening and during the fast sperm growing stage, fresh weight started to decrease while dry weight continued to increase with a reduced growth rate. Dry weights increased in sperm and decreased in exocarp‐mesocarp tissues during the fast sperm growing stage. The material exit from pericarp tissues was completed in the ripe fruit. By contrast, fresh weight continued to decrease in the tissue. Patterns of nutrient accumulation per fruit increased continuously during the fruit growth period. The observed reductions of nutrient accumulations for total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in the fruit individuals during the very late fruit stage after fruit ripening, and in conjunction with the pericarp tissues senescence, are supposed to represent mineral nutrient returns from the ripe fruit. Patterns of total N, P, Mg, Fe, and Zn accumulations increased in the exocarp‐mesocarp tissue during the slow sperm growing stage and decreased during the fast sperm growing stage. Potassium accumulation in the tissue increased continuously up to the fruit ripening time. Calcium, Mn, and Cu increased continuously. Patterns of all nutrients in endocarp tissue increased during the slow sperm growing stage and decreased at the fast sperm growing stage. In the sperm tissues, total N, P, Mg, and Ca accumulations increased during the sperm development and slightly decreased in a late stage. The increasing trend of Ca accumulation was temporarily interrupted during the fast sperm growing stage. Iron, Mn, Cu, and Zn accumulations showed no reductions at all. Potassium accumulation was drastically restricted in the tissue with the approach of fruit ripening. Sperm tissues are extraordinary rich in mineral nutrients. Sperm total N, P, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe accumulations represented the 98.1%, 88.2%, 59.2%, 81.5%, 72.3%, 65.6%, and 52.5% of the total nutrients accumulation in the fruit, respectively. Sperm K and Ca accumulations represented only the 13% and 11.6%, respectively. Exocarp‐mesocarp K, Ca, and Mg accumulations represented the 76%, 72% and 37.1% of the total nutrients accumulation in the fruit individual, respectively. Total N and P accumulation in the tissue were detected in very low levels 1.3% and 7%, respectively. Iron, Cu, Zn, and Mn accumulations were detected in the same tissue in ratio values of 27.5%, 22%, 5.4%, and 11%, respectively. Macro‐ and micro‐nutrient accumulations of the endocarp tissues were detected in the lower levels as compared to the other fruit tissues. The estimated values of mineral nutrient returns from the mature fruit individuals were 2.8% for total N, 13% for P, 16.5% for K, 23% for Ca, 12% for Mg, 28.5% for Fe, and 21% for Zn. Manganese and Cu showed no returns at all. The estimated nutrient returns from the sperm tissues were 60% for total N, 67% for P, 22% for K, and 50% for Mg of the total returned nutrient from the fruit individual. The estimated nutrient returns from exocarp‐mesocarp were 100% for Zn, Fe, and Ca, 50% for Mg, 78% for K, 33% for P, and 40% for total N. Calcium, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn in the sperm and Mn and Cu accumulations in pericarp tissues showed no returns at all. A restricted nutrient diffusion from exocarp‐mesocarp and sperm tissues to the endocarp tissues is supposed to be possible. These results suggested a pericarp tissue behaviour similar to the old senescing leaves. 相似文献
6.
Tomás Casero Estanis Torres Simó Alegre Inmaculada Recasens 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(17):2468-2476
In this study, we assessed the macronutrient levels of apple fruits cv. “Golden Smoothee” by monitoring their fruit absorption rates (mg fruit?1 day?1) and accumulation patterns (mg fruit?1) throughout fruit development. Nutrient accumulation was a continuous process throughout the growing season, with patterns of absorption rates varying according to the nutrients concerned. Calcium was chiefly absorbed by the fruit during the first developmental stage, while the greatest absorption rates of other macronutrients occurred later in fruit development (from the end of shoot growth until harvest). From these patterns, it would be desirable to reduce the supply natural calcium (Ca) antagonists, such as potassium (K), ammonium (NH4+), and magnesium (Mg), during the first part of fruit development in order to achieve a good Ca balance with other nutrients and, consequently, an optimum fruit quality. Knowing these nutrient absorption and accumulation patterns is essential for planning optimum nutrient supply and improving their influence on fruit quality. 相似文献
7.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7-8):847-860
Abstract In a survey of the nutrient status of Cox's Orange Pippin and Braeburn apple orchards in the Canterbury region of New Zealand three separate problems were identified in a number of orchards. These were low soil pH in the herbicide strip area, low concentrations of fruit Ca and low concentrations of leaf Zn. Seven out of 26 Cox's Orchard sites had a significantly lower soil pH (0–10 cm) in the herbicide strip than the grassed alley. At some sites soil acidification had occurred down to a depth of 30 cm. The major cause of such acidification was thought to be nitrification of ammonium originating from both fertilisers and mineralisation of soil organic matter. No one reason was responsible for low concentrations of Ca (< 2.5 mg/100 g) in cortical plugs of apple tissue. At one site it was related to a deficiency of soil Ca but at two other sites, levels of exchangeable Ca were relatively high. Levels of exchangeable Mg and/or K were however exceptionally high suggesting that a cation imbalance in the soil may have contributed to the low fruit Ca. At other sites, low fruit Ca was probably related to factors other than soil nutrient status such as fruit size and possibly water stress during summer. In some cases, low concentrations of leaf Zn were associated with low extractable soil Zn coupled with relatively high levels of soil P. One orchard had a reasonably high level of extractable soil Zn but an exceptionally high level of extractable soil P probably inhibited Zn uptake by the tree. At another site lime‐induced Zn deficiency was evident whilst at another, exceptionally high levels of extractable soil Cu may have inhibited Zn accumulation by trees. 相似文献
8.
对湘西主要猕猴桃种植基地的土壤和猕猴桃植株中As、Pb、Hg、Cd、Cr等重金属的累积状况进行了分析研究。研究结果表明:6个猕猴桃种植地区的土壤中重金属积累均不明显,湘西有1地区土壤中镉(4.900 mg·kg~(-1))、汞(0.634 mg·kg~(-1))含量有所超标外,其余各地区各重金属含量均在国家标准范围以下;同时各地区重金属的综合污染指数P综均远小于0.7,有5处基地无重金属污染现象发生,符合绿色猕猴桃种植基地土壤所需标准,可以安全生产。各地区猕猴桃枝干、叶片中各种重金属(镉、汞除外)的含量都很小;猕猴桃对土壤中重金属镉具有较强的吸收能力,其枝干中镉含量达到12.73%。6个地区猕猴桃果实中各重金属的含量都低于或远低于国家标准值,属于无污染的绿色水果。通过综合分析可得,湘西猕猴桃主要种植地土壤状况良好,果实无重金属残留现象。 相似文献
9.
S. Paramasivam A. K. Alva K. H. Hostler G. W. Easterwood J. S. Southwell 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):313-327
Evaluation of nutrient accumulation trends in fruit during fruit development and nutrient status in the leaves are important components defining nutrient requirements. Such nutrient demand should be met by nutrient supply in order to develop optimal rate and timing of fertilizer application. In a 3‐year study the citrus (orange) varieties, ‘Valencia’, ‘Parson Brown’, ‘Hamlin’, and ‘Sunburst’ were fertilized with either 168, 224, or 280 kg N ha‐1 yr‐1 as a broadcast application of N:P:K dry soluble granular fertilizer. These rates did not significantly affect the fruit nutrient status, juice quality, or nutrients concentrations in the spring flush. The concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in the fruit decreased with their enlargement during June through November. However, micronutrient concentrations in the fruits increased from June through August or September and then decreased. Fruit dry weight was greatest in ‘Valencia’ followed by ‘Hamlin’, ‘Parson Brown’, and ‘Sunburst’ varieties. Soluble solids concentration (SSC) were higher in ‘Valencia’ and ‘Sunburst’ fruit than in the other two varieties. Other juice quality parameters were not significantly different among the varieties. This study indicated non‐significant influence of fertilizer rates on concentrations of various mineral elements in 6‐month‐old spring flush with most of those concentrations within the optimal ranges. 相似文献
10.
钙、 硼对常山胡柚叶片养分、 果实产量及品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】研究叶片矿质营养元素含量的季节性变化,对探明植物体中营养元素的丰缺状况、 调控养分代谢、 提高果实产量和改善品质具有重要意义。本研究结合常山胡柚园土壤养分状况,通过连续4年施用钙肥和硼肥,研究钙、 硼对常山胡柚叶片矿质营养元素含量的季节变化、 果实产量及品质的影响。【方法】采用田间定位试验,以13年生枳砧常山胡柚为试验材料,设4个处理,1)CK(对照); 2)Ca(每株0.5 kg生石灰粉); 3)B(每株25 g 硼砂); 4)Ca+B(每株0.5 kg生石灰粉+ 25 g 硼砂)。于试验的第4年采集常山胡柚不同生长期当年生春梢叶片及成熟期果实样品,并对常山胡柚叶片矿质营养元素含量的季节变化、 果实品质进行分析。【结果】常山胡柚叶片各矿质养分在果实逐渐成熟过程中总体呈现先增后降的变化规律,其中叶片氮(N)、 钾(K)、 镁(Mg)和锌(Zn)在果实坐果期达到最大值,磷(P)在果实膨大前中期(8月份)到达最大值,钙(Ca)、 硼(B)、 铁(Fe)、 锰(Mn)和铜(Cu)在果实膨大后期(9月份)出现最高值。钙、 硼肥施用均可提高常山胡柚果实各发育时期叶片Ca、 B、 N、 K、 Fe、 Mn和Cu含量,但明显抑制叶片Zn的吸收,其中钙、 硼配施对成熟叶片(8~9月份)Ca含量存在显著正交互效应,但对提高叶片B含量无显著交互作用。施钙、 硼肥可不同程度提高常山胡柚2年平均产量,增产率达到1.8%~21.4%,其中各处理增产率顺序为Ca+B＞B≥Ca,且单施硼可显著提高2年累积产量,钙硼配施对单年产量、 2年平均产量均存在显著正交互效应。钙、 硼肥单施对果实品质无显著性影响,但钙硼配施可显著降低可滴定酸含量,显著提高固酸比。【结论】常山胡柚坐果期(4月份)为叶片N、 P、 K、 Mg和Zn吸收的关键时期,果实膨大期(8~9月份)为叶片Ca、 B、 Fe、 Mn和Cu吸收的重要时期。钙、 硼配施既可明显提高常山胡柚叶片中矿质营养元素含量(P和Zn除外),又能显著提高果实产量和品质。 相似文献
11.
A differential response of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars with varying seed sizes to Ca nutrition has been observed for many years. No satisfactory explanation of why different seed sizes respond differently to Ca nutrition was found. Fruit with a wide range of seed sizes were investigated. Fruit characteristics relating to seed size and Ca content expressed as a concentration and as the total amount in a fruit were compared. Ca content expressed as a concentration showed no relationship to seed size. Utilizing total Ca content in a peanut fruit and its volume, it was shown that large‐seeded fruit needed to transport Ca through a longer soil distance to satisfy the fruit's nutritional need than small‐seeded fruit did. This result does not address any Ca nutritional characteristics internal to a peanut fruit nor does it address any genetic nutritional variables. 相似文献
12.
冰糖橙果园土壤养分与果实品质关系的多元分析及优化方案 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对湖南省74个冰糖橙果园土壤矿质养分和果实品质含量进行测定分析,运用R和LINGO软件多元统计分析筛选了影响果实品质因子的主要土壤养分因子,探明了果实品质最佳时的土壤养分优化方案。研究结果表明,调查果园中超过86.20%的样点果园土壤pH处于酸性至强酸性环境,65.52%的果园土壤缺钙,75.86%的果园缺镁,82.76%的果园缺硼。冰糖橙果实品质是多个土壤养分因子综合作用的结果,偏最小二乘回归分析表明对冰糖橙单果质量影响较大的因子为土壤碱解氮、交换性钙;果形指数主要受土壤有效磷、有效铜、有效锌和pH影响;可溶性固形物含量主要受有机质、有效铜、有效锌和pH影响;可滴定酸含量主要受土壤速效钾、有效硼和pH的影响;Vc含量主要受土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾、交换性镁和pH的影响。线性规划求解出pH为5.50~6.50、有机质含量大于39.68 g/kg、碱解氮为169.17~170.41 mg/kg、有效磷34.50 mg/kg、速效钾158.95~160.88 mg/kg、交换性钙1954.69 mg/kg、交换性镁123.81 mg/kg、有效铁468.31 mg/kg、有效锰96.09 mg/kg、有效铜1.73 mg/kg、有效锌10.93 mg/kg、有效硼0.33~0.85 mg/kg时,冰糖橙果实品质最佳。调节土壤酸碱度,增施有机肥,及时补充钙、镁和硼肥是今后果实品质管理的关键。 相似文献
13.
Leaf and berry transpiration ratio in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) was found to be affected by soil moisture. With the condition of diminished soil moisture, berry transpiration is higher prior to vèraison compared to conditions when the water content in the substrate is higher and berry transpiration decreases with an increase of leaf transpiration. Studies were conducted in 1993 and 1994 to investigate the link between soil moisture, traspiration, and accumulation of certain mineral elements in leaves and berries on plants of the Cabernet sauvignon cultivar grafted on Kober 5 BB rootstock. Leaf and berry transpiration and mineral accumulation were evaluated by gaseous exchange measurements, soil sampling and moisture analysis, and leaf and berry sampling and analysis of mineral content. Observations were repeated at about 15‐day intervals between full bloom and berry ripening. Transpiration per unit of surface area (mmol H2O m‐2 s‐1) was always higher in leaves than in berries. Leaf transpiration varied from 5.62 mmol H2O m‐2 s‐1 to 2.92 mmol H2O m‐2 s‐1 in 1993 in the period between the 8th and 86th day after full bloom (DAFB), and from 6.49 mmol H2O m‐2 s‐1 to 4.37 mmol H2O m‐2 s‐1 in 1994 between the 12th and 94th DAFB. Berry transpiration ranged between 3.86 mmol H2O m‐2 s‐1 and 1.04 mmol H2O m‐2 s‐1 in 1993 and between 4.34 mmol H2O m‐2 s‐1 and 0.5 mmol H2O m‐2 s‐1 in 1994. Leaf transpiration was not correlated with the mineral element content in the leaves, whereas berry transpiration was directly correlated with the nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) content in berries. Leaf mineral composition was affected only for iron (Fe) content by the variation on soil moisture, whereas the berry N, P, K, and Ca contents were positively correlated with soil water content. The leaf and berry Ca content appeared to be greater with high soil moisture, i.e., in conditions which favor intense metabolism of the whole plant. 相似文献
14.
猕猴桃品质光谱无损检测技术研究进展 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
光谱无损检测技术正越来越广泛地应用在水果内部品质检测中。该文从猕猴桃光谱特性差异及光谱无损检测技术影响因素对比分析等方面出发，对目前光谱分析技术在猕猴桃品质检测中应用的研究现状进行综述。分析了猕猴桃与其它水果光谱吸收特性和散射特性的差异以及不同温度、硬度、成熟度、部位及生长期管理措施对猕猴桃光谱特性的差异。对猕猴桃样品采集、光谱检测及数据处理等方面的不同方法进行了对比分析。指出采用500～2500 nm的可见光及近红外光谱对不同产地、不同生长环境和管理条件、不同储藏期、不同成熟度猕猴桃的果肉颜色、硬度、干物质含量、可溶性固形物含量、含糖量以及水果密度等内部品质进行检测是可行的。数据处理和定标模型建立方面的研究正在从传统多元回归和数值优化方法到包括人工神经网络技术、遗传算法、小波分析和自组织理论等先进数据分析技术的非线性模式识别方向发展。今后研究重点应进一步提高定标模型预测可靠性、通用性和实用性，建议今后对不同猕猴桃品种及不同仪器之间定标模型的通用性、猕猴桃在运动条件下的光谱检测技术等方面进行研究。 相似文献
15.
Currently, potassium (K)‐ and phosphate (P)‐fertilizer recommendation in Germany is based on standardized soil‐testing procedures, the results of which are interpreted in terms of nutrient availability. Although site‐specific soil and plant properties (e.g., clay and carbon content, pH, crop species) influence the relation between soil nutrient content and fertilizer effectiveness, most of these factors are not accounted for quantitatively when assessing fertilizer demand. Recent re‐evaluations of field observations suggest that even for soil nutrient contents well within the range considered to indicate P or K deficiency, fertilizer applications often resulted in no yield increase. In this study, results from P‐ and K‐fertilization trials (in total about 9000 experimental harvests) conducted during the past decades in Germany and Austria were re‐analyzed using a nonparametric data‐mining procedure which consists of a successive segmentation of the data pool in order to elaborate a modified recommendation scheme. In addition to soil nutrient content, fertilizer‐application rates, nutrient‐use efficiency, and site properties such as pH, clay content, and soil organic matter, have a distinct influence on yield increase compared to an unfertilized control. For K, nutrient‐use efficiency had the largest influence, followed by soil‐test K content, whereas for P, the influence of soil‐test P content was largest, followed by pH and clay content. The results may be used in a novel approach to predict the probability of yield increase for a specified combination of crop species, fertilizer‐application rate, and site‐specific data. 相似文献
16.
采收成熟度对毛花猕猴桃华特果实采后品质和贮藏性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨不同采收成熟度毛花猕猴桃华特果实采后贮藏品质差异,确定华特果实最佳采收期,以成熟度Ⅰ(盛花后155 d)、成熟度Ⅱ(盛花后165 d)和成熟度Ⅲ(盛花后175 d)的毛花猕猴桃华特果实为原料,研究果实采后贮藏过程中硬度、可溶性固形物(SS)含量、可滴定酸(TA)含量、抗坏血酸(AsA)含量、 腐烂率和主要挥发性成分的变化规律。结果表明,在常温贮藏20 d期间成熟度Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ果实采后分别检出41、33和36种挥发性成分,均以醛酮类为主。其中,成熟度Ⅰ果实酯类和醛酮类相对含量较高;成熟度Ⅱ果实醛酮类、醚类、烃类相对含量较高,但酯类和醇类相对含量较低;成熟度Ⅲ果实醛酮类、酯类和醇类相对含量较高。因此,成熟度Ⅰ和Ⅱ果实采后的营养及风味品质较好,腐烂率低,贮藏性较好;成熟度Ⅲ果实尽管风味较好,但果实的营养品质较差,腐烂率高,贮藏性较差,因此建议华特果实尽量在盛花后165 d 前采收。本研究为确立毛花猕猴桃华特果实最佳采收成熟度提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Fine earth accumulated within the weathering fissures of the coarse‐soil fraction (particles > 2 mm), so called “stone‐protected fine earth”, can provide a high short‐term nutrient release by cation exchange. It is thus hypothesized that unweathered gneiss particles cannot provide plants with exchangeable‐cation nutrients and that biological weathering is needed to include silicate‐bound nutrients into biochemical cycles. In a microcosm experiment, ectomycorrhizal Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings were grown on either weathered or unweathered paragneiss coarse‐soil fragments under natural hydraulic and climatic boundary conditions. A nutrient solution containing N, P, and K was added, however Mg and Ca could only be taken up from the coarse‐soil substrate. Solutes in drainage were analyzed during the experiment; plant nutrient uptake was determined after the experiment ended. Solute dynamics depended on the weathering state of the substrates: unweathered gneiss showed high initial Mg and Ca fluxes that diminished strongly afterwards, whereas weathered gneiss showed a much more gradual and sustainable release of these cations. Patterns in dissolved organic C and sulfate drainage indicated that the internal pores of weathered gneiss fragments contained organic material most likely as a result of living spaces from microorganisms. Plant biomass did not differ between treatments, however Mg content was higher in seedlings grown on weathered gneiss. Nutrient budgets demonstrated that the “stonesphere” of weathered gneiss can act as a quasi‐constant nutrient source whereas unweathered gneiss only provided high initial nutrients fluxes. In nutrient‐depleted, acidified fine‐earth environments, the coarse‐soil fraction may therefore act as a retreat for nutrient‐adsorbing tissues and as a buffer for nutrient shortages. 相似文献
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间作是现代生态农业的一种重要生产方式,在生态果园建设中起着极为重要的作用。间作在猕猴桃果园中的应用研究起步较晚但发展迅速,蔬菜、中药材、食用菌、粮食作物和绿肥作物等均有应用。在具体实践中应掌握品种筛选与体系搭配、适时播种与适量间作、科学施肥与合理灌溉等关键技术,同时应充分考虑经济效益、设施配套、转型升级和绿色振兴等要素。结合猕猴桃产业现状,间作提升猕猴桃生态果园综合效益的具体成效主要通过为其提供秸秆废料、改善根际微生物、改土保墒和增加附加农副产品等方式,实现利用闲置土地空间增加前期收入,优化资源利用效率实现增收节支,增强土壤培肥能力并改善根际环境,防止地表水土流失和保护果园生态,实现果实丰产优质最终提升综合效益等。在总结猕猴桃果园间作体系应用的研究与技术现状的基础上,本文提出了充分考虑间作作物与猕猴桃生物学特性,以及果园自然资源与环境特征,探索和完善猕猴桃间作标准化技术,挖掘更多适合猕猴桃间作的新作物等现代化猕猴桃果园间作模式创新发展的新思路。同时,也应进一步加快猕猴桃间作体系相关理论机制的研究,为猕猴桃产业绿色振兴与跨越发展,发挥猕猴桃产业在农业产业转型升级、乡村振兴和精准扶贫等国家战略实施过程中的积极作用。 相似文献
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Agustín Merino Vernica Otero Beatriz Omil Beatriz Lastra Vernica Pieiro Pedro P. Gallego 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2006,169(1):127-133
Application of wood ash can potentially improve the fertility of acid soils and the nutritional status of crops. However, there is limited information about the effectiveness of this practice with fruit trees. The application of wood ash as a fertilizer in a kiwifruit plantation—both with and without fertigation/irrigation—was compared with that of a conventional fertigation program in a completely randomized field experiment on an acid soil in northwest (NW) Spain. The effects on plant nutritional status and on fruit yield, as well as environmental effects, were evaluated over a period of 2 y. The application of wood ash led to modest increases in soil pH and extractable nutrients (phosphorus, P; calcium, Ca; magnesium, Mg; potassium, K; boron, B). However, no consistent effects in foliar nutrient concentrations were found. Ash application led to an increase of up to 45% in the number of fruits produced, which was mainly attributed to the inputs of Ca and Mg. Although moderate increases in soil available manganese (Mn) and nickel (Ni) after ash application were recorded, there were no changes in heavy‐metal concentrations in leaves or fruits. From the results of the study it can be concluded that wood ash can be used to improve the growth conditions of kiwi vines on acidic soils. Wood ash should be applied at rates adapted to the liming needs of the soil, while also taking into account the chemical composition of the ash. 相似文献