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1.
以平均体质量为(5.66±0.14)g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为研究对象,分别投喂含聚β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)质量分数为0%(对照组)、1%、3%和5%的对虾配合饲料,饲养35 d后检测并比较不同水平PHB对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺免疫和消化指标的影响。结果显示,3%PHB添加组凡纳滨对虾的总抗氧化能力和溶菌酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。Toll基因表达量随PHB含量的升高呈先上升后下降趋势,其中1%和3%PHB添加组的表达量显著高于对照组(P0.05);对照组HSP70基因表达量显著低于其他处理组(P0.05)。5%PHB添加组的淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活性显著升高(P0.05),而脂肪酶活性无显著变化(P0.05)。由此可见,饲料中添加适量的PHB有利于增强凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺的消化和非特异性免疫能力。  相似文献   

2.
试验旨在研究酶解豆粕蛋白替代部分鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长、饲料利用及消化酶的影响。选用初始体质量为(1.10±0.02)g的健康对虾,随机分成5组,饲养在0.5 m~3的玻璃纤维钢桶中,分别投喂酶解豆粕蛋白(0、7.40%、14.80%、22.20%和30.20%)替代基础配方中鱼粉(0、25%、50%、75%和100%)制成5组等氮等脂的饲料,试验时间为56 d。试验结果显示投喂25%和50%的酶解豆粕蛋白替代鱼粉的凡纳滨对虾增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率等无差异统计学意义(P0.05),替代25%组和替代50%组凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。研究结果表明,凡纳滨对虾饲料中酶解豆粕蛋白替代鱼粉的比例不宜超过50%。  相似文献   

3.
试验选取以黄芪（Astragalus membranaceus）、板蓝根（Baphicacanthus cusia）等为主要成分的中草药饲料添加剂配制5组饲料[添加量分别为0（对照组）、0.1%、0.2%、0.4%和0.8%],连续投喂凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeusvannamei）[初始体质量为（4.14±0.06）g]56 d,每组3个重复,研究复方中草药对凡纳滨对虾生长、消化酶活性和免疫相关酶活性的影响。结果显示,试验组对虾的成活率均高于对照组,其中0.2%组差异显著（P〈0.05）;0.2%组和0.8%组的相对增重率显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。试验组肝胰脏和肠道的消化酶活性均高于对照组,其中0.2%组的肝蛋白酶和肝淀粉酶显著增高（P〈0.05）,0.1%组和0.4%组的肠蛋白酶和肠淀粉酶显著增高（P〈0.05）。0.2%组的碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性显著高于其他组（P〈0.05）;试验组的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性均高于对照组;随着中草药添加量的增加,过氧化物酶（POD）指标呈现先下降后增高的趋势,0.4%组显著降低（P〈0.05）。结果表明,饲料中添加复方中草药能促进凡纳滨对虾生长、消化酶和免疫相关酶活性,适宜添加量为0.2%。  相似文献   

4.
硒源对凡纳滨对虾生长、体组成和抗氧化能力的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
水温(29.0±1.3)℃,将初始体质量(0.41±0.01)g的凡纳滨对虾随机分为4组,每组3个重复,饲养在室内循环水养殖系统中,投喂基础饲料(对照组)及在此饲料中分别添加硒含量相等(0.30mg/kg)的亚硒酸钠、酵母硒和蛋氨酸硒的4种饲料,养殖56d,比较了不同硒源对凡纳滨对虾生长、体组成和抗氧化能力的影响。试验结果表明,蛋氨酸硒组对虾的生长性能显著高于对照组和亚硒酸钠组(P0.05)。外源硒可显著影响对虾体蛋白和脂肪含量(P0.05),蛋氨酸硒组对虾机体营养成分显著优于其他组(P0.05)。添加外源硒组对虾的血清总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。蛋氨酸硒组对虾血清丙二醛含量显著低于其他组(P0.05)。由此得出,饲料添加0.3mg/kg的硒能在一定程度上提高凡纳滨对虾的生长和抗氧化能力,蛋氨酸硒优于酵母硒和亚硒酸钠。  相似文献   

5.
本实验旨在研究饲料中添加酵母水解物对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能、血清生化指标、肝胰腺消化酶活性以及肠道形态的影响。酵母水解物添加量分别为0%、1%、3%和5%,配制4种等氮等脂(42.5%粗蛋白和8.5%粗脂肪)的实验饲料。选取初始体重为(1.86±0.02)g的凡纳滨对虾480尾,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复30尾,进行为期8周的养殖实验。结果表明饲料中添加5%酵母水解物组的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和蛋白质效率(PER)显著高于对照组(P0.05),而该组饲料系数(FCR)最低(P0.05)。对虾全虾粗蛋白含量随饲料中酵母水解物的增加而呈上升趋势,且5%酵母水解物添加组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。添加5%的酵母水解物显著提高了凡纳滨对虾血清总蛋白(TP)和甘油三酯(TG)含量,降低了谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)的活性(P0.05)。各处理组肝胰腺淀粉酶活性和对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05),但3%酵母水解物添加组的胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3%酵母水解物添加组的对虾肠道皱襞高度和皱襞宽度显著高于对照组(P0.05),而5%添加组的微绒毛高度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综上所述,在本实验条件下,饲料中添加3%~5%的酵母水解物能有效改善凡纳滨对虾生长性能、提高饲料利用率、促进消化吸收以及改善肠道形态学指标。  相似文献   

6.
在5000m~2、密度为9.0×10~9尾/hm~2的凡纳滨对虾池塘中,投喂基础饲料和20%蝇蛆蛋白+基础饲料饲养体质量(0.18±1.10~)g的凡纳滨对虾,研究了蝇蛆蛋白对生长性能、非特异性免疫及肌肉成分的影响。150d的饲养结果表明,投喂添加蝇蛆蛋白的饲料时,凡纳滨对虾的增长率(310~.51±11.39)%、相对体质量增加率(6383.33±20.54)%和存活率(64.61±3.47)%显著高于对照组的增长率(287.80±15.6)%、相对体质量增加率(5161.11±32.82)%和存活率(52.89±4.22)%(P0.05),而饲料系数显著低于对照组(P0.05)。饲料中添加20%蝇蛆蛋白显著提高了对虾血清超氧化物歧化酶、碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、酚氧化物酶和溶菌酶的活性(P0.05)。饲料中添加20%蝇蛆蛋白显著提高了凡纳滨对虾肌肉中粗蛋白含量、必需氨基酸总量、鲜味氨基酸总量以及必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比值,而其他体成分差异不明显。  相似文献   

7.
试验采用28%鱼粉饲料为基础,以家蝇蛆粉分别替代20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的鱼粉配制5种试验饲料,投喂初始体质量为0.56 g的凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）45 d,研究了蝇蛆粉对凡纳滨对虾消化酶、转氨酶活性和肝胰腺结构的影响。结果显示,替代组对虾肝胰腺、胃和肠道消化酶活性与对照组相比差异不显著（P＞0.05）。替代组对虾肝胰腺谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）活性均低于对照组,但差异不显著（P＞0.05）;随着替代水平的增加,血清ALT活性在100%替代组、AST活性在60%-100%替代组显著降低（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,20%-60%替代组肝胰腺上皮细胞中空泡增多,并且出现未知物质;替代水平高于60%时肝胰腺结构损伤严重。结果表明,蝇蛆粉替代水平在60%以下时,对凡纳滨对虾消化酶和转氨酶活性没有显著影响,对肝胰腺结构损伤不明显。  相似文献   

8.
设计了蛋白质含量为20.61%、30.52%、40.43%和50.34%的4种饵料(分别为CP20、CP30、CP40和CP50),研究饵料蛋白质含量对不同盐度下(分别为低盐度LS 2、中盐度MS 22和高盐度HS 32)凡纳滨对虾[(0.0144±0.0047)g]生长、成活及体成份的影响,测定了不同处理组对虾的肝胰腺指数(HIS)和肥满度(CF),试验为期8周.结果显示:(1)盐度对凡纳滨对虾的生长、成活、肥满度和灰分含量均有显著影响(P<0.05),而对肝体指数、体粗蛋白、体粗脂肪和水分无显著影响(P0.05),中盐度组对虾各指标均最高,其次为高盐度组,低盐度组最低;中、高盐度组对虾的增重率、特殊体重(长)增长率均显著高于低盐度组对虾(P<0.05),而中、高盐度组对虾的各生长指标无显著差异(P＜0.05);(2)饵料蛋白质含量对凡纳滨对虾的各生长指标和体粗蛋白含量影响显著(P<0.05),对其它各指标影响不显著(P<0.05).各盐度下,对虾生长和体粗蛋白含量均随饵料蛋白质含量升高而升高,投喂CP20的对虾组显著低于其它各处理组(P<0.05);肥满度和肝体指数均先随饵料蛋白质含量升高至40.43%而升高,然后稍有下降;饵料蛋白质含量对各盐度下对虾成活率影响均不显著(P0.05).(3)双因素方差分析结果显示,盐度和饵料蛋白质含量,除对体灰分含量存着着显著的交互作用外(P<0.05),对其它体生化成份含量、生长及体形态指标的交互作用均不显著(P0.05).(4)饲料蛋白质含量明显影响了凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺的组织结构,投喂CP30和CP40饵料的对虾肝小体基膜完整,投喂CP40对虾的肝小体中还出现了大量的存储细胞(R细胞);而投喂CP20饵料的对虾肝小体分布松散,R细胞数量较小,并且部分肝小体基膜破损;而投喂CP50饵料的对虾的肝小体排列紧密,且B细胞内出现大量内容物质.结果提示,提高饵料蛋白质含量虽然在一定程度上加快对虾的生长速度和增加肥满度,但是并不能提高低盐底下凡纳滨对虾的成活率.饲料中蛋白质含量的不适宜,尤其是含量过低,会导致对虾肝胰腺的结构发生变化甚至发生不同程度的病理变化.  相似文献   

9.
用添加CpG寡聚核苷酸(CpG ODN)和表面展示VP28的解脂耶罗维亚酵母(VP28-yl)的饵料投喂凡纳滨对虾,进行田间中试实验.投喂30 d后进行WSSV感染实验,评估其对凡纳滨对虾的免疫保护作用.投喂实验结束后,CpG ODN投喂组对虾的相对增重率达到(65.8±7.8)% (P＜0.05),这暗示CpG ODN可能具有促生长作用.WSSV攻毒后,CpG ODN和VP28-yl投喂组对虾中WSSV拷贝数与对照组相比均显著降低(P＜0.05),相对免疫保护率分别可达到 26.7%和 36.7%.在投喂结束和WSSV刺激后,CpG ODN组对虾中的呼吸爆发水平均显著升高(P＜0.05).而在VP28-yl投喂组,WSSV引起的细胞凋亡则显著受到抑制(P＜0.05).此外,WSSV刺激后,STAT基因在CpG ODN组和VP28-yl组对虾中的表达水平均显著上调(P＜0.05),分别在第5天和第3天达到最大值,而对照组中则显著下调.研究结果表明,CpG ODN和VP28-yl增强了凡纳滨对虾抗病毒免疫力,对养殖对虾病毒性疫病的防控具有显著作用,可以作为免疫增强剂添加在饵料中,具有在养殖生产中推广使用的前景.  相似文献   

10.
嗜酸乳杆菌对凡纳滨对虾生长、免疫力和抗病力的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
水温(29±3)℃下,给体质量约0.5g的凡纳滨对虾投喂在基础饲料中分别添加0%、0.05%、0.10%、0.20%、0.30%、0.40%、1.00%的嗜酸乳杆菌的7种饲料8周。试验结果表明,嗜酸乳杆菌对凡纳滨对虾的存活率无显著影响(P0.05),而添加嗜酸乳杆菌组的凡纳滨对虾体质量增加率均高于对照组,0.10%组的质量增加率显著高于对照组,饲料系数明显低于对照组(P0.05)。0.05%、0.10%、0.20%、0.30%组凡纳滨对虾的血清超氧化物歧化酶活力高于对照组,0.10%组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。各试验组之间过氧化氢酶活力差异显著(P0.05),当嗜酸乳杆菌添加量为0.20%时活力最高。除1.00%添加组外,其他组酚氧化酶活力均高于对照组,当添加量为0.05%时活力明显高于对照组(P0.05)。攻毒试验结果表明,各处理96h对虾存活率无显著差异(P0.05),但嗜酸乳杆菌添加组对虾存活率皆高于对照组,表明添加嗜酸乳杆菌在一定程度上可以提高凡纳滨对虾的抗病力。  相似文献   

11.
Anguilla luzonensis and A. huangi were each described in 2009 using eels obtained from northern Luzon Island. We examined the taxonomic status of these two groups of eels using morphological and molecular genetic characters. There were no significant differences in two vertebrae counts between eels of A. luzonensis and A. huangi. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes sequences were obtained and compared among 28 specimens of A. luzonensis, the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi, and one specimen of the other 15 anguillid species. The specimens of A. luzonensis exhibited almost identical sequences, including the holotype, with only a few site differences, and the genetic difference between the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi was within the range of differences of specimens of A. luzonensis. The other anguillid species were genetically very different from A. luzonensis and A. huangi, although A. interioris is a closely related species. It is clear that A. luzonensis and A. huangi are the same species, and according to the principle of priority in zoological nomenclature, A. luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 is the valid species name, and A. huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009 is a junior synonym of A. luzonensis.  相似文献   

12.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of lead for different life stages of shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and to determine the effect of its sublethal concentrations on osmoregulatory capacity (OC) as well as the possible histological alteration in the gills of juvenile shrimp. The 24‐, 48‐, and 96‐h LC50 values for lead to L. vannamei increased progressively with increasing life stage, from nauplii < zoeae < mysis < postlarvae < juvenile. After 15‐d exposure to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, the OC values of exposed shrimp were reduced by 39, 73, and 157%, respectively compared to control animals. Compared to controls, the lead concentrations in gill tissues increased significantly by 127,500, 137,500, and 141,000% in shrimps exposed to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, respectively. After lead exposure, hemocytic congestion in efferent vessels and multiple hyperplasia were observed in gill filaments, resulting in narrowed hemolymphatic lacuna. The histopathological effects increased with increasing Pb concentration.  相似文献   

13.
Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L50 of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L50 of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species.  相似文献   

14.
Mosquitofish, Gambusia sp., have been spread throughout the world to biologically control mosquitoes. However, the fish has gained a reputation as an invasive species and has been implicated in displacing native aquatic species. Gambusia affinis are native to the southeastern United States and commonly occur in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production ponds. We investigated effects of mosquitofish presence on zooplankton populations, water quality, disease occurrence, and fish production in experimental ponds. There were no differences between ponds with or without mosquitofish in numbers of calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, total copepods, Bosmina sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Moina sp., Daphnia sp., or total cladocerans. There were also no differences in copepod and cladoceran sizes. Copepod nauplii were more numerous during the summer months in ponds with mosquitofish. There were no differences in water quality variables (soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH) or phytoplankton density between ponds stocked with and without mosquitofish. Catfish production and disease occurrence were also similar between ponds with and without mosquitofish. Although mosquitofish may cause problems when stocked outside their native range, there does not appear to be any adverse effects of mosquitofish presence in catfish production ponds.  相似文献   

15.
The effects of exposing the eggs of Pacific threadfin and amberjack eggs (AEs) to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min on hatch rate and survival were assessed in a series of experiments using a petri dish model rearing system. Despite significant inter‐batch variation in hatch rate, it was shown that eggs of both species could be safely exposed to up to 11 340 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min. Exposure to 34 230 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min was shown to be lethal to AEs at a late stage of development. In two further experiments, it was demonstrated that Pacific threadfin eggs were resistant to all tested concentrations of a range of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP‐I) concentrations and contact times (up to 1000 mg L−1 PVP‐I for 10 min). The level of bacteria adhering to the eggs of both species was highly variable. Where eggs were heavily colonized (>104 cfu egg−1), hydrogen peroxide concentrations of at least 11 340 mg L−1, or PVP‐I concentrations higher than 500 mg L−1 for 10 min, were required for effective sterilization. In less colonized batches, rinsing in sterile seawater or exposure to lower (550 mg L−1) concentrations of H2O2 was sufficient to result in high apparent levels of surface sterility (<1 cfu egg−1).  相似文献   

16.
对驼背鲈(Chromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼的形态特征进行了详细的观察与研究,描述了从受精卵到仔、稚、幼鱼各发育期的时间和形态特征变化。结果表明,在水温25-26℃、盐度30的海水中,受精卵历时27 h 25 min完成整个胚胎发育过程,经历从卵裂、囊胚、原肠、神经胚到肌节形成、各器官的逐渐形成、变化、完善等一系列的胚胎发育和变化过程;根据其卵黄囊消长情况、鳞片的覆盖状态、体色发生的不同变化以及第二背鳍和腹鳍的消长,将胚后发育分为仔、稚、幼鱼3个阶段。在水温22-26℃、盐度29-31、DO≥5 mg/L的条件下,2-3 d仔鱼卵黄囊消失,开口摄食;生长发育至31 d,仔鱼已变态进入稚鱼期;培育至57 d,稚鱼完成变态,成为幼鱼。第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的生长与收缩等石斑鱼类早期发育的共性生长特征及其体表特性体色变化特征为驼背鲈胚后发育过程中最明显的特征。  相似文献   

17.
As an intertidal species, Apostichopus japonicus is subject to diel and seasonal temperature fluctuations. Color variation is a distinct characteristic of A. japonicus, and a new color morph, purple A. japonicus, was recently found on the coast of Rushan, Weihai City. This study was conducted to compare the performance of green, white, and purple color morphs of A. japonicus at different water temperatures to help improving aquaculture technology and management. In this study, green, white, and purple color morphs of juvenile A. japonicus (1.5 ± 0.1 g) were cultured at 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26 C for 60 d, according to the suitable temperature range for sea cucumber growth. Temperature was shown to have a significant effect on growth, energy budget, and physiology of sea cucumbers (P < 0.05). Specific growth rates, feed conversion efficiencies, and the proportion of energy allocated to growth of all three color morphs were optimal at 18 C. Activities of the enzymes related with oxidative stress, immune response, and digestion were determined. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and trypsin activities generally reached a maximum in all three color morphs at 18 C. The purple color morph of A. japonicus was higher in growth rate, food conversion efficiency, and proportion of energy allocated to growth than green and white color morphs at 18 and 22 C, consistent with its higher trypsin and SOD activity, indicating the mutual effect of growth and physiology. At 18, 22, and 26 C, the green color morph had the highest level of lysozyme activity and purple color morph had the lowest, indicating possible infection by external pathogens of green color morph, which might be caused by high temperature. These results suggested that the optimum temperature for culture of the three color morphs was approximately 18 C, the purple had a better adaption to high temperature, and the green and white color morphs may be more susceptible to thermal stress than the purple color morph.  相似文献   

18.
《水生生物资源》1999,12(4):239-246
The effect of different parameters on short-term storage capacity of turbot ova was assessed over a 45-h period after ova collection for fertilization rates and over a 9-h period after ova collection for hatching rates. Increasing the volume of ova sampling from 0.5 to 2.5 mL, as well as adding an antibiotic–antimicotic solution or oxygen did not significantly change the storage capacity of ova. Regarding the hatching rates, a higher storage ability was recorded at 8 and 13 °C, compared to 3 °C. The mean composition of the ovarian fluid was determined (n = 57 spawns). Use of a diluent mimicking the ovarian fluid significantly decreased the storage ability as assessed by the fertilization rates but did not modify the hatching rates. Diluting ova in an artificial ovarian fluid deprived of calcium significantly decreased the fertilization and hatching rates during the storage period. Furthermore, addition or not of soybean trypsin inhibitor (Sigma T 9003) to the artificial ovarian fluid deprived of calcium did not significantly change the results. Storage capacity of control batches of ova was low: at 13 °C, without any diluent and when ova were fertilized 3 h after stripping, the hatching rate was lowered to 62.4 ± 29.4 % (mean ± SD) of the initial value.  相似文献   

19.
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20.
The effects of diets containing different levels of essential oils from savory Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad and myrtle Myrtus communis L and an immunity complement were investigated on growth, survival, nutritional indices, serum biochemistry, and hematology of farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fry (n = 4500; 5 ± 2 g). The essential oils were dosed as 300 and 500 mg/kg diet. After 60 d, the fish fed 300 mg/kg of the essential oils showed the highest counts of white blood cells (P < 0.05). The same treatment revealed the greatest levels of hematocrit, total protein, and albumin, but glucose and cholesterol values significantly decreased compared with the control (P < 0.05). Feeding fish with 300 mg/kg of the essential oils led to highest records of specific growth rate and survival rate but the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR), and those fed with immunity complement attained the lowest values of growth parameters. The fry fed with immunity complement and 300 mg/kg of myrtle essential oil achieved the highest and lowest FCR values, respectively. The results indicate that dietary supplementation of 300 mg/kg of the above essential oils exert positive impacts on the growth performance, feeding efficiency, and hematological factors in O. mykiss.  相似文献   

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