共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
为明确不同小麦品种(系)秸秆还田对土壤钾素平衡的影响,采用大田试验,研究了32个小麦品种(系)成熟期植株的钾含量及分布,对比分析了秸秆直接就地还田与收获不还田条件下不同小麦品种(系)钾素的携出量、回田量与土壤钾素盈亏量。结果表明,在麦田钾肥施用量为93kg·hm-2条件下,秸秆还田后,小麦植株返还到土壤中的钾素量高达60.4~146.3kg·hm-2。与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆还田多向农田返还钾素44.6~112.6kg·hm-2。在秸秆还田条件下,种植所有品种(系)的土壤钾素均呈现大量盈余状态,其盈余量为65.7~81.3kg·hm-2,占施钾量的70.7%~87.4%。秸秆还田还有利于缩小不同品种(系)种植农田土壤钾素的差异。秸秆不还田条件下农田钾素盈亏状况在品种(系)间差异显著,而秸秆还田条件下不同品种(系)间农田钾素盈亏状况差异较小。钾高效吸收型小麦品种(系)具有较高的钾素携出量和回田量及较低的土壤盈余量,而钾低效吸收型小麦品种(系)则具有较低的钾素携出量和回田量及较高的土壤盈余量。从土壤可持续发展而言,无论小麦品种(系)钾吸收效率高低,秸秆还田条件下麦田均应大幅减少钾肥施用量。 相似文献
2.
A three-year investigation determined effects of N, P, K, and S rates on tuber yield and quality, economic return, and plant nutrient status of Russet Burbank grown on mineral soils in the Klamath Basin of Oregon. Yield responses were consistent over years. The highest yields and economic returns were achieved with the combination of 202 kg N, 29 kg P, 56 kg K, and 22 kg S ha-1. Petiole NO3-N concentrations were below published critical levels at the optimal N fertilizer rate of 202 kg N ha-1. Yield and economic return responses to increasing N rates were positive but small. The highest yield occurred at the lowest P rate (29 kg ha-1). Tuber yield, grade, or quality did not respond to K fertilization. Findings suggest that nitrogen fertilizer management based on petiole analysis may require modifications for short growing-season environments. 相似文献
3.
茶叶高产优化施肥的模拟研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
本研究以茶叶为材料,采用二次饱和D-最优设计(311-B方案)设计,研究了N、P、K施用量与茶叶产量的相关性,并建立了相应的数学模型。结果表明:N、P、K三元素中,N肥的施用与茶叶产量的形成呈显著正相关,P、K也有一定的影响,它们作用的大小顺序为N>P>K,N-P、N-K、P-K之间的互作达到显著水平。经多元回归和频率分析方法理论上得到茶叶N、P、K三元素最佳方案是:N:0.406~0.435g/kg土,P2O5:0.159~0.170g/kg土,K2O:0.186~0.198g/kg土,N:P2O5:K2O为1:0.39:0.46。 相似文献
4.
《Field Crops Research》2006,99(1):35-47
Both intensification and diversification of cropping systems may allow improving the productivity and sustainability of agricultural production in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), but the choices to be made require integrated assessment of various cropping systems. A field experiment was conducted from 1999 to 2002 on a sandy clay loam (Inceptisol) to evaluate nine predominant cropping systems in West Bengal, India. Productivity, energy use efficiency, and nutrient uptake generally increased with increasing cropping intensity. Positive residual effects of potato and jute on yield and energy output of subsequently grown crops were observed as well as maintenance or improvement of soil properties such as soil organic matter, available P, and available K. The P balance was positive for most systems, except for jute-containing systems. However, negative K balances occurred due to almost complete removal of crop biomass in all systems, suggesting that recommended rates of applied K fertilizer were to low for sustaining soil K supply over the longer term. Cropping systems containing potato had the highest levels of yield, net return, benefit to cost ratio and energy productivity, but energy use efficiency was reduced due to higher energy consumption in these systems. Jute–wheat and jute–rapeseed–rice systems showed high energy use efficiency along with moderate cost and return. Based on economic considerations alone, jute–potato–rice, rice–potato–rice and rice–potato–sesame can be recommended as cropping systems for resource-rich growers in the eastern part of the IGP. Systems such as jute–wheat, rice–wheat and jute–rapeseed–rice appear to be most suitable for small and marginal farmers that cannot afford the large production costs associated with crops such as potato. 相似文献
5.
选择福建省建阳范桥国有林场16 a生杉木—闽粤栲混交林与杉木纯林为研究对象,进行不同坡位不同林分养分循环特征的比较分析,结果表明：杉木—闽粤栲混交林与杉木纯林养分存留量差异明显,混交林中坡和下坡分别比杉木纯林高28.16%、19.39%;各个坡位养分归还量均表现为：混交林〉杉木纯林,混交林下坡的养分归还量最大,其次是上坡,再次为中坡;中坡和下坡养分吸收量分别是杉木纯林的1.29、1.49倍;同一坡位同一林分的养分归还比表现为：N〉P〉K,说明养分N在两林分中的循环能力最强。混交林在上、下坡的归还比分别比杉木纯林高160.0%、104.55%,而二者在中坡的差异则较不明显,混交林养分归还比表现为：下坡〉上坡〉中坡,说明混交林下坡的养分循环能力最强。 相似文献
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7.
J. L. Wheeler 《Grass and Forage Science》1958,13(4):262-269
The differences in soil fertility in a ley as a result of treatments applied for four years in a sheep-grazing trial were measured by growing crops of wheat and kale. The pasture treatments had been: control, dung, urine and dung plus urine, each combined with four levels of fertilizer nitrogen.
Yields of winter wheat harvested in 1956 ranged from 27.1 to 38.6 cwt. per acre. Plots to which faeces had been allowed to return during the pasture phase outyielded (p <0.001) those from which it was withheld. Urine was relatively ineffective except in combination with nitrogen. In the absence of animal returns, nitrogenous fertilizer depressed grain and straw yields. A top-dressing of K applied to the wheat in spring as a sub-treatment had no significant effect. The percentages of N and K in the grain were unaffected by the former pasture treatments, or by the K top-dressing.
A subsidiary small-plot experiment in which the above pasture treatments had been combined with P and K, each at two levels, was cropped with marrow-stem kale. In general, N applied to the pasture increased kale yields except where dung and urine had been withheld. Neither P nor K had a significant effect, except when combined. The leaf/stem ratio of the kale was reduced by applied N and by P (both p <0.05).
The pasture/arable-crop relationship is considered. 相似文献
Yields of winter wheat harvested in 1956 ranged from 27.1 to 38.6 cwt. per acre. Plots to which faeces had been allowed to return during the pasture phase outyielded (p <0.001) those from which it was withheld. Urine was relatively ineffective except in combination with nitrogen. In the absence of animal returns, nitrogenous fertilizer depressed grain and straw yields. A top-dressing of K applied to the wheat in spring as a sub-treatment had no significant effect. The percentages of N and K in the grain were unaffected by the former pasture treatments, or by the K top-dressing.
A subsidiary small-plot experiment in which the above pasture treatments had been combined with P and K, each at two levels, was cropped with marrow-stem kale. In general, N applied to the pasture increased kale yields except where dung and urine had been withheld. Neither P nor K had a significant effect, except when combined. The leaf/stem ratio of the kale was reduced by applied N and by P (both p <0.05).
The pasture/arable-crop relationship is considered. 相似文献
8.
马铃薯测土配方3414肥效田间试验 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过马铃薯测土配方施肥肥效田间试验,以便提高马铃薯的单产,增加经济效益。试验采用"3414"完全试验设计。结果表明,在当地条件下,最佳经济施肥量N 6.04 kg/667 m2、P2O52.53 kg/667m2、K2O 9.26 kg/667 m2,最高产量为1 929 kg/667 m2。三要素比例1:0.420:1.533,肥料投入81.61/667 m2元,鲜薯产值1 735元/667 m2,施肥利润为291元/667 m2,投入产出比1:4.57。采用测土配方施肥能增加马铃薯产量,降低施肥成本,提高肥料当季利用率。氮磷钾肥合理配施,有利于增加薯重和结薯个数,增施钾肥能增加大中薯比例,提高马铃薯商品薯率。 相似文献
9.
为明确栽培技术对不同稻作区稻谷硒含量的综合影响,基于国内外相关文献,定量分析了施肥、灌溉、石灰施用等栽培措施对稻谷硒含量和产量的影响,并比较了不同水稻品种间硒含量的差异。结果表明,与不施肥相比,施用氮磷钾肥能促进稻谷硒的积累;紫云英还田可明显增加稻谷硒含量,其增幅与紫云英的投入量显著正相关;其他有机肥对稻谷硒含量的影响在不同研究中存在差异。间歇灌溉和湿润灌溉等节水管理和施用石灰可有效提高稻谷硒含量。不同水稻品种积累硒的能力差异显著,且这种差异不受土壤硒含量影响。选用富硒水稻品种、紫云英还田、节水灌溉和适量施用石灰等栽培措施可以实现水稻天然富硒与高产的协同。 相似文献
10.
以海南幼龄和成龄橡胶林为对象,采用野外凋落框收集和关联分析等方法,研究2019年5月至2020年4月海南儋州区域橡胶林落叶特征和影响橡胶落叶的主要气候因子。研究结果表明:(1)海南橡胶林落叶产量呈"双峰"型动态变化,当年7月出现小峰,翌年3月出现最高峰;翌年2—4月为集中落叶期,该时期幼龄和成龄林分别占全年落叶总产量的73.04%和70.61%;成龄林落叶产量显著高于幼龄,增幅为14.77%。冗余分析表明,月均温度与月落叶产量呈极显著负相关关系,解释度为49.9%,贡献率为58.6%;(2)幼龄和成龄林间落叶C、N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量月动态变化趋势相似,各元素含量在秋冬季呈下降趋势,而冬春季出现养分富集的现象,年均含量在成龄和幼龄林间差异不显著;(3)落叶养分归还量月动态与落叶产量动态变化相似,受落叶月产量影响较大,而归还量受落叶产量和养分含量共同影响,落叶归还量表现为C>N>K、Ca>Mg>P,成龄显著高于幼龄,各元素增幅分别为16.3%、17.1%、16.7%、27.4%、15.3%和17.7%;(4)幼龄林各元素养分利用效率总体高于成龄林,其中幼龄钾素养分利用效率显著高于成龄(P<0.05);(5)月均温度是影响2019—2020年海南儋州橡胶林落叶格局的主要气候因子。该研究成果可为海南橡胶割胶制度以及养分管理提供技术支撑。 相似文献
11.
以海南幼龄和成龄橡胶林为对象,采用野外凋落框收集和关联分析等方法,研究2019年5月至2020年4月海南儋州区域橡胶林落叶特征和影响橡胶落叶的主要气候因子。研究结果表明:(1)海南橡胶林落叶产量呈"双峰"型动态变化,当年7月出现小峰,翌年3月出现最高峰;翌年2—4月为集中落叶期,该时期幼龄和成龄林分别占全年落叶总产量的73.04%和70.61%;成龄林落叶产量显著高于幼龄,增幅为14.77%。冗余分析表明,月均温度与月落叶产量呈极显著负相关关系,解释度为49.9%,贡献率为58.6%;(2)幼龄和成龄林间落叶C、N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量月动态变化趋势相似,各元素含量在秋冬季呈下降趋势,而冬春季出现养分富集的现象,年均含量在成龄和幼龄林间差异不显著;(3)落叶养分归还量月动态与落叶产量动态变化相似,受落叶月产量影响较大,而归还量受落叶产量和养分含量共同影响,落叶归还量表现为C>N>K、Ca>Mg>P,成龄显著高于幼龄,各元素增幅分别为16.3%、17.1%、16.7%、27.4%、15.3%和17.7%;(4)幼龄林各元素养分利用效率总体高于成龄林,其中幼龄钾素养分利用效率显著高于成龄(P<0.05);(5)月均温度是影响2019—2020年海南儋州橡胶林落叶格局的主要气候因子。该研究成果可为海南橡胶割胶制度以及养分管理提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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13.
This research is to construct a water balance model to estimate the amount of return flow in an irrigation system. A simple computation framework for the model was established to include various irrigation applications in cropping seasons. The model was able to estimate evapotranspiration, deep percolation into groundwater aquifer, and return flow. Return flow can be split into two parts, which are surface and subsurface return flows. The water balance model was then applied at the irrigation system (rotational block No. 11-2 of five paddy field units) which is operated by the Taoyuan Irrigation Association in Taiwan as an example. Two study cases were simulated, in which one was for using return flow and the other one was for using no return flow. The study period for the model simulations is the first rice cropping term in 2010 which was from February 16 to July 10. As a result, return flows calculated by the model were 27, 27, 34, and 39% of outflows for sandy loam, sandy clay, clay loam, and light clay soil, respectively. Irrigation water at the downstream field unit with use of return flow was supplemented by the upstream field units, and the amount is 5?C8% of irrigation water for using no return flow. Furthermore, it can be seen from the simulations that increases in irrigation water provide increases of return flow. Increases of irrigation water result in slight increases of subsurface return flow, while increases of irrigation water cause nearly none of change in deep percolation. 相似文献
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15.
Yoshida Masashi Maruyama Toshisuke Takase Keiji Noto Fumikazu Takimoto Hiroshi 《Paddy and Water Environment》2014,12(4):425-438
Return flow and repeated use of irrigation water for paddies is the most important issue in the Asian monsoon region, because sometimes this water is applied in greater quantity than that of evapotranspiration plus percolation. A new return flow analysis, the “replacement-in-order method”, which introduces a unique numbering system for very complicated irrigation and drainage networks, is proposed for the main canal with the dual purposes of irrigation and drainage. The method is applied to the Shichika irrigation district in the ordinal (season) irrigation period, resulting in a return flow ratio of 45 % for the entire area. Of this amount, 25 % is available for irrigation again. The remaining 20 % is unavailable, because the return flow discharged directly into a canal lacking a diversion weir in the drainage system, or into the Japan Sea. The return flow ratio is very different at the main canal location, from no return flow to 88 %. With the aid of the above method, theoretical analysis of return flow for paddy irrigation water can be done. This includes the deterministic return flow ratio inside and outside the irrigation area, plus precise information of return flow ratios at various main canal locations and routes of irrigation and drainage water. 相似文献
16.
国家科技支撑计划项目（2012BAD14B12） 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为掌握不同小麦品种秸秆还田对农田磷素平衡的影响,优化麦田养分资源管理,以当前江苏省农业生产上主导品种和有苗头的小麦新品种(系)为供试材料,研究不同小麦品种成熟期植株磷素含量与分布,分析其秸秆还田与不还田条件下土壤磷素盈亏的差异.结果表明,磷高效吸收型小麦品种的籽粒磷含量较高,其磷素携出量和回田量较高;在常规磷肥施用量49 kg P·hm-2条件下,若秸秆不还田,磷高效吸收型品种种植土壤中磷呈现少量亏损状态;而磷低效吸收型品种的籽粒磷含量较低,其磷素携出量和回田量较低,无论秸秆还田与否,土壤磷均有盈余.与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆直接还田显著增加了小麦磷素回田量,减少了小麦磷素携出量.秸秆不还田时,麦田土壤磷盈亏量为-4.7～25.2 kg· hm-2;秸秆直接还田时,所有小麦品种种植土壤中磷素均呈盈余状态,土壤磷盈亏量为4.0～30.3 kg·hm-2.在供试的32个小麦品种中,秸秆不还田方式下农田磷素大量盈余的品种有9个,秸秆还田方式下农田磷素大量盈余的品种有28个.在当前秸秆还田的大趋势下,要维持农田磷素平衡,对大部分小麦品种均应适当减少磷肥施用量. 相似文献
17.
Youzun Xu Lixiao Nie Roland J. Buresh Jianliang Huang Kehui Cui Bo Xu Weihua Gong Shaobing Peng 《Field Crops Research》2010,115(1):79-84
In double rice-cropping system in China, zero tillage in late-season rice with straw return from early season rice is an emerging technology for saving inputs, shortening the lag time between rice crops, avoiding straw burning, and conserving natural resources. The objective of this 2-year field study was to determine the effects of tillage and straw return on N uptake, grain yield, and N use efficiency of late-season rice. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with four combinations of tillage and straw return as main plots and three N management practices as subplots. Tillage was either conventional soil puddling or zero tillage with newly harvested crop residue from early season rice either removed or placed on the soil surface without incorporation. The N treatments were zero-N control, site-specific N management (SSNM), and farmers’ N-fertilizer practice (FFP). Straw return regardless of tillage or N management did not reduce rice yield. In the second year, straw return significantly increased grain yield in the zero-N control. Chlorophyll meter readings at heading and total N uptake at maturity were higher with straw return in the zero-N control, suggesting that straw provides nutrients to rice in the late growing period. Zero tillage did not reduce N uptake, grain yield, and N use efficiency compared with conventional tillage. Despite large differences in timing and rate of N application between FFP and SSNM, these two N treatments resulted in comparable N uptake and grain yield of late-season rice regardless of tillage and straw return. These results suggest that zero tillage after early rice with straw return could replace conventional tillage for late rice in the double rice-cropping system in China. 相似文献
18.
Li Lin Zhang Zheng Tian Hua Umair Ashraf Yousef Alhaj Hamoud Al Aasmi Alaa Tang Xiangru Duan Meiyang Wang Zaiman Pan Shenggang 《水稻科学》2022,29(1):89
To assess the effects of straw return coupled with deep nitrogen (N) fertilization on grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE) in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting (MPST) rice, the seedlings of two rice cultivars, i.e., Yuxiangyouzhan and Wufengyou 615 transplanted by MPST were applied with N fertilizer at 150 kg/hm2 and straw return at 6 t/hm2 in early seasons of 2019 and 2020. The experiment comprised of following treatments: CK (no fertilizer and no straw return), MDS (deep N fertilization and straw return), MBS (broadcasting fertilizer and straw return), MD (deep N fertilization without straw return), MB (broadcasting fertilizer without straw return). Results depicted that the MDS treatment significantly increased the rice yield by 41.69%?72.22% due to total above-ground biomass, leaf area index and photosynthesis increased by 54.70%?55.80%, 38.52%?52.17% and 17.89%?28.40%, respectively, compared to the MB treatment. In addition, the MDS treatment enhanced the total N accumulation by 37.74%?43.69%, N recovery efficiency by 141.45%?164.65%, N agronomic efficiency by 121.76%? 134.19%, nitrate reductase by 46.46%?60.86% and glutamine synthetase by 23.56%?31.02%, compared to the MB treatment. The average grain yield and NUE in both years for Yuxiangyouzhan were higher in the MDS treatment than in the MD treatment. Hence, deep N fertilization combined with straw return can be an innovative technique with improved grain yield and NUE in MPST in South China. 相似文献
19.
小麦秸秆还田条件下轻简栽培水稻的生长特性 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
以粳稻品种扬辐粳8号作试验材料,设小麦秸秆还田处理,以秸秆不还田作对照,进行直播、机械插秧、抛秧,并对水稻物质生产、产量形成及有关生理指标进行了分析。与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆还田处理穗数均有所下降,每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重均有所增加,产量均显著提高;各生育期的茎蘖数均明显降低。光合势、叶面积指数和干物质积累抽穗前低于秸秆不还田,抽穗后则相反;各生育期的根冠比均较高。抽穗期高效叶面积、高效叶比例以及粒叶比均较大,结实期茎鞘中贮存的碳水化合物的输出率及转换率以及收获指数明显大于秸秆不还田。结实期根系活力、伤流液、光合速率和ATP酶活性均高于秸秆不还田。阐明了秸秆还田轻简栽培水稻的生育特性和增产效应。同时,对秸秆还田水稻高产的生理原因进行了讨论,并提出秸秆还田水稻的关键调控技术。 相似文献
20.
为探讨减施化肥条件下,间作绿肥压青还田对甘蔗生长的影响及化肥的替代作用。试验设计了6个处理,处理1（CK）：甘蔗常规施肥;处理2（H-LY）：化肥减施25%+12%营养元素当量绿豆绿肥还田+13%营养元素当量有机肥;处理3（H-LQ）：化肥减施25%+全量绿豆绿肥还田;处理4（H-Y）：化肥减施25%+25%营养元素当量有机肥;处理5（H-HD）：化肥减施25%+25%营养元素当量黑豆绿肥还田;处理6（H-HQ）：化肥减施25%+全量黑豆绿肥还田。研究结果表明,间作绿豆绿肥和黑豆绿肥在生育前期甘蔗的分蘖和甘蔗总苗数都较常规处理降低,间作黑豆还降低了甘蔗的叶片宽度。甘蔗化肥减施25%条件下,间作绿豆绿肥全量还田、12%营养元素当量间作绿豆绿肥还田+13%营养元素当量有机肥替代的蔗茎产量和经济效益均达到常规对照水平。但间作黑豆压青还田导致甘蔗减产,降低经济效益。兼顾甘蔗产量、经济效益、资源消耗及蔗地的地力提升各方面,甘蔗间作绿豆绿肥全量还田可以替代25%的甘蔗化肥,是值得推广的一种模式。 相似文献