共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Jane L Forsyth Steve G Ring Timothy R Noel Roger Parker Paul Cairns Kim Findlay Peter R Shewry 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(2):361-367
Detailed studies of the starch present in tubers of six accessions of Pachyrhizus ahipa (ahipa) have been carried out using starches from tubers of P. erosus (Mexican yam bean) and seeds of ahipa and wheat for comparison. Starch accounted for 56-58% of the tuber dry weight with granules occurring in a range of geometric forms and in sizes from below 5 microm to about 35 microm (mean about 10 microm in all accessions except two). The amylose content ranged from 11.6 to 16.8% compared with 16.9% in P. erosus tubers and over 23% in the seed starches. X- ray diffraction analysis showed A-type or C(A)-type diffraction patterns. The chain-length distribution of the amylopectin after enzyme debranching showed a peak at DP11 similar to that of wheat starch, but had a less marked shoulder at DP 21-22 and contained a higher proportion of longer chains. Differential scanning calorimitry showed an endothermic peak corresponding to gelatinization with T(max) ranging from 59 to 63 degrees C, which was similar to the T(max) of wheat (about 64 degrees C). The composition of the ahipa starch may mean that it is suitable for food applications that require low amylose content and low retrogradation after processing. 相似文献
2.
Mäkinen S Kelloniemi J Pihlanto A Mäkinen K Korhonen H Hopia A Valkonen JP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(21):9875-9883
Autolysis of protein isolates from vascular bundle and inner tuber tissues of potato (Solanum tuberosum) enhanced the inhibition of the angiotensin converting enzyme I (ACE), a biochemical factor affecting blood pressure (hypertension). The physiological age of the tuber affected the strength of ACE inhibition, the rate of its increase during autolysis, and the tuber tissue where ACE inhibition was most pronounced. The highest inhibitory activities (50% reduction in ACE activity achieved following autolysis at a protein concentration of 0.36 mg mL (-1)) were measured in tubers after 5-6 months of storage prior to sprouting. The rate of ACE inhibition was positively correlated with protease activity in tuber tissues. Amendment of the autolysis reaction with protein substrates from which bioactive ACE-inhibitory peptides may be released, for example, a purified recombinant protein or a concentrate of total tuber proteins, also enhanced ACE inhibition. Many tuber proteins including aspartic protease inhibitors were degraded during autolysis. The data provide indications of differences in the enzymatic activities confined to different parts of the potato tuber at different physiological stages. Results suggest that native enzymes and substrate proteins of potato tubers can be utilized in search of dietary tools to manage elevated blood pressure. 相似文献
3.
宁夏马铃薯氮、 磷、 钾养分的吸收累积特征 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
【目的】马铃薯氮、 磷、 钾养分吸收累积特点国内外已有不少报道,但在宁夏地区的生产条件下尚缺乏系统研究,马铃薯配方施肥技术推广中也缺少施肥参数,难以确定合理的施肥量。因此,针对宁夏地区马铃薯种植基地的土壤条件,系统分析马铃薯干物质累积和氮、 磷、 钾养分含量,探明其对氮、 磷、 钾养分吸收累积特点,以期为马铃薯的精准施肥提供科学依据。【方法】采用田间试验和室内测定相结合的方法。于2012年分别在宁夏西吉县、 原州区、 红寺堡和同心县马铃薯种植基地进行肥料田间试验,按照当地推荐的施肥量统一施肥量和施肥方法(农家肥、 70%氮肥、 全部磷、 钾肥基施,30%氮肥在现蕾期追施),在马铃薯不同生育期采集植株样品,测定不同器官干重和氮、 磷、 钾含量,分析不同生育期马铃薯干物质累积量、 氮、 磷、 钾含量及其吸收累积量的变化特点。【结果】1)从不同种植基地来看,红寺堡区马铃薯干物质累积量最高,其次是原州区和西吉县,同心县最低;马铃薯干物质累积量随生育期的推进而增加,符合Logistic曲线,幼苗期、 块茎形成期、 块茎膨大期和淀粉累积期的干物质累积量分别占总累积量的5%、 20%、 40%和35%。2)马铃薯植株氮含量随生育期而降低,其变异系数较大; 磷、 钾含量随生育期呈先增后减的变化态势,但变异系数较小; 氮、 磷含量叶片高于其他器官,钾含量茎秆中较高。3)马铃薯氮、 磷、 钾吸收累积量在红寺堡区最高,原州区和西吉县居中,同心县最低;苗期氮、 磷、 钾的吸收量分别占全生育期总吸收量的11%、 6%、 8%,块茎形成期占28%、 23%、 31%,块茎膨大期占36%、 39%、 41%,淀粉积累期占25%、 31%、 20%;成熟期块茎中氮和磷的累积量分别占各自总累积量的60%以上,钾的累积量占50%。【结论】供试土壤条件下,马铃薯干物质累积量及养分吸收量因种植基地、 生育期和器官不同而异。从不同种植基地来看,红寺堡区马铃薯的干物质及氮、 磷、 钾累积量较高,原州区和西吉县居中,同心县最低;干物质及氮、 磷、 钾累积量随生育期的变化符合Logistic曲线,具有明显的阶段性特点,块茎膨大期累积最多,块茎形成期和淀粉积累期次之;马铃薯根、 茎和叶中吸收累积的氮、 磷、 钾占同期总累积量的比例随生育期而降低,但块茎则相反,氮、 磷、 钾吸收累积量随生育期而增加,成熟期块茎中吸收累积的养分量占全株的一半以上。 相似文献
4.
氮肥形态对马铃薯氮素积累与分配的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用田间试验的方法,研究了不同氮肥形态对氮素在马铃薯不同器官中的吸收和运转分配及产量的影响。试验结果表明:铵态氮肥对马铃薯地上干物质积累量的增加作用最明显,施氮处理马铃薯块茎干物质积累量比对照增加50.37%～71.38%;马铃薯各器官中含氮量随生育期推进逐渐下降,其中,茎和叶下降幅度较大;马铃薯各器官中氮含量生育前期表现为叶片>地上茎>根,进入块茎形成期以后,则叶片>根>地上茎>块茎。施氮在马铃薯生育前期有利于茎对氮素的吸收和储存,后期又可以促进茎中的氮素向叶片和块茎转移。施氮各处理产量较对照增加19.28%～63.86%,NH4+-N处理对氮的吸收、积累与分配影响最大,且产量最高,达到39 410.2 kg.hm-2。 相似文献
5.
氮肥减量分施促进甘薯根系分化与块根膨大 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
6.
Starch content of potato tubers in relation to K nutrition and tuber growth In a pot experiment with potato (cv Saturna) K content in tubers increased from 1.0 to 2.6 % of tuber-DM due to increasing rates of K fertilizer. Simultaneously starch in tuber fresh matter decreased from 21 to 15 %. Highest starch content in tuber dry matter was obtained in that K treatment which gave the highest yield in dry tubers. Measuring starch accumulation during tuber growth revealed that already in the flowering stage differences exist in the starch contents of the tuber dry matter between the lowest and highest K treatments, namely 69 % for K1 as compared with 64 % for K5. The rate of starch accumulation between flowering and final harvest, however, was similar in all K treatments. This suggests that K supply affects the storage tissue at an early stage of tuber development probably via different water relations of tubers. 相似文献
7.
滴灌施氮对高垄覆膜马铃薯产量、氮素吸收及土壤硝态氮累积的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
通过田间试验研究了高垄覆膜滴灌条件下施氮量（N 0、90、180、270、360 kg/hm2）对马铃薯产量、土壤硝态氮积累、氮素平衡及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,N180处理的马铃薯块茎产量最高。马铃薯收获期各处理硝态氮含量为表层土（020cm）最高,且在0120 cm剖面呈现降低的趋势;各处理040 cm土层硝态氮积累量占0120cm土层硝态氮积累总量的47.74%～53.17%。施氮量与马铃薯吸氮量、土壤硝态氮残留量、氮素表观损失量呈显著正相关,马铃薯吸氮量、硝态氮残留量和氮素表观损失量分别占增加纯氮的37.93%、45.99%和16.08%。马铃薯块茎吸氮量和收获指数随着施氮量的增加有增加的趋势;氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥农学利用效率、氮肥生理利用效率均以N 90处理最高,分别为67.97%、68.06 kg/kg和154.92 kg/kg。在内蒙古阴山北麓马铃薯主产区,覆膜滴灌施氮量应控制在90～180 kg/hm2。 相似文献
8.
Mycorrhizae are fungal symbionts forming mutualistic relationship with plant roots. In this study, surface-sterilized potato tubers were sown in earthen pots filled with sterile soil. Half of the pots were inoculated with sterilized arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores and sterilized inoculated maize root fragments, and another half without any AMF inoculation representing control. Inoculation was done twice 3 days before sowing the tubers and on the onset of seedling emergence. Plants, along with their controls, were sampled at 20-day intervals upto 80 days after tuber initiation. The tubers of potato are shown to present a higher level of metabolites and mineral nutrition in the mycorrhizal inoculated compared to the non-inoculated. The results showed that AMF has a potential in enhancing potato production by increasing the storage metabolites, mineral nutrition in tubers and nitrogen assimilating enzymes in plant. 相似文献
9.
Babak Darvishi Kazem Pustini Ali Ahmadi Reza Tavakol Afshari Javad Shaterian Mohammad Hadi Jahanbakhshpour 《Journal of plant nutrition》2015,38(13):2096-2111
Under hydroponic condition, number and size of potato tubers are usually controlled by nutritional factors such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and pH. The main objective of the present study was to find an appropriate combination of N, P, and pH (with respect to tuber number) under hydroponic sand culture and to evaluate the physiological traits affected by nutrients and pH. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications was conducted. Results showed that higher phosphorus concentration for 10 days increased tuber number per plant, but tuberization was not influenced by nitrogen interruption and intermittent reduction of pH. Neither N, P, nor pH treatments affected total nitrogen concentration of potato leaf, stem, and tuber. Higher phosphorus concentration increased the level of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), induced tuberization and thereby increased net photosynthesis rate of potato plants. 相似文献
10.
Prescha A Swiedrych A Biernat J Szopa J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(8):3638-3643
Recently, transgenic potato plants were created with overexpression of the 14-3-3 protein derived from Cucurbita pepo. Detailed analysis of those plants suggested that the function of the isolated 14-3-3 isoform is in the control of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the plants. 14-3-3 protein overexpression gave rise to an increase in soluble sugar and catecholamine contents in both leaves and tubers. It is proposed that 14-3-3 protein affects carbohydrate metabolism in potato plants via regulation of catecholamine synthesis. Furthermore, genetically modified potato tubers with 14-3-3 protein overexpression showed changes in lipid content and composition. The transgenic potato tubers contained 69% more total fat compared to the wild-type plant. Separation of tuber lipids into polar and nonpolar fractions revealed that the transgenic potato tubers contained almost 3 times more nonpolar lipids than the control. Analysis of fatty acid composition, conducted by the means of gas chromatography, showed that linoleic acid was the main fatty acid present in the tubers of both modified and control potato plants. In the nonpolar fraction of the fat of the transgenic tubers the unsaturated fatty acids exhibited a higher participation in the sum of all fatty acids. 相似文献
11.
为探讨不同辐照剂量的短波紫外线(UV-C)处理对马铃薯干腐病的抑制作用及相关酶活性的影响,以贮藏期间的马铃薯块茎为材料,经剂量为0、5、15、25、35、45 kJ·m-2的UV-C辐照,研究分析经损伤接菌后马铃薯块茎干腐病病斑及相关防御性酶[过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、丙二醛(MDA)]的变化情况。结果表明,损伤接菌后的马铃薯块茎,经剂量5~45 kJ·m~(-2)的UV-C辐照处理,块茎中MDA、PAL活性均显著降低,POD活性显著升高;剂量5 kJ·m~(-2)的辐照处理可显著提高损伤接菌后的马铃薯块茎中CAT活性;剂量5~45 kJ·m~(-2)的辐照处理均可有效抑制马铃薯块茎病斑直径的扩散,其中以35 kJ·m~(-2)处理效果最佳。本研究证实UV-C辐照有助于提高贮藏期间马铃薯块茎对于干腐病的抗性,为利用UV-C这种新型环保的马铃薯贮藏方法提供了理论参考。 相似文献
12.
Gezahegn Girma Melaku Gedil Charles Spillane 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(2):291-305
The high cost and supply shortage of seed yam propagules for planting are major constraints in yam production. In the water yam (Dioscorea alata L.), aerial tubers have potential as alternative sources of planting material. In this study, we investigated morphological, molecular and ploidy variation across multiple aerial tuber producing accessions of Dioscorea alata. Initial screening of over 800 accessions from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture germplasm collection for aerial tuber production identified a subset (15 %) of accessions, which produced aerial tubers. The aerial tuber producing accessions (along with 18 non-aerial tuber accessions) were further characterized for phenotypic and ploidy variation. In addition, using SSR markers we characterized the genetic diversity amongst all of the aerial tuber producing accessions, along with six non-aerial tuber producing accessions. Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) using morphological data grouped the accessions according to their aerial tuber production. The aerial tuber production characteristics of accessions were associated with phenotypic variables and ploidy levels. The MCA analysis revealed three main groups consisting of; Group 1) all non aerial tuber producing accessions (n = 15), hastate leaf shape, less or no anthocyanin pigmentation and diploid (2n = 2x = 40), Group 2) group with some aerial tuber producing accessions, different extent of anthocyanin pigmentation, sagittate leaf shape, mainly diploid (n = 44) and three triploid (2n = 3x = 60) and 3) a group where all individuals bear aerial tuber, cordate leaf shape, intermediate anthocyanin pigmentation and majority (n = 74) tetraploid (2n = 4x = 80) and three triploid individuals. Aerial tuber production may be subject to a genome dosage effect as an increase in aerial tuber production was associated with increased ploidy level. For instance, tetraploid plants produce more aerial tubers per sprout than either triploids or diploids. Principal coordinate analysis based on SSR markers using Jaccard’s coefficient also revealed distinct groups associated with the pattern of aerial tuber formation, leaf shape and anthocyanin pigmentation. Overall our study indicates the usefulness of combining SSR markers, ploidy level and phenotypic data for identification and classification of Dioscorea alata accessions according to their extent of aerial tuber production. 相似文献
13.
Nithya K. Subramanian Philip J. White Martin R. Broadley Gavin Ramsay 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(8):1927-1935
The variation in tuber mineral concentrations amongst accessions of wild tuber-bearing Solanum species in the Commonwealth Potato Collection (CPC) was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Selected CPC accessions, representing the eco-geographical distribution of wild potatoes, were grown to maturity in peat-based compost under controlled conditions. Tubers from five plants of each accession were harvested, bulked and their mineral composition analysed. Among the germplasm investigated, there was a greater range in tuber concentrations of some elements of nutritional significance to both plants and animals, such as Ca, Fe and Zn (6.7-fold, 3.6-fold, and 4.5-fold, respectively) than others, such as K, P and S (all less than threefold). Significant positive correlations were found between mean altitude of the species’ range and tuber P, K, Cu and Mg concentrations. The amount of diversity observed in the CPC collection indicates the existence of wide differences in tuber mineral accumulation among different potato accessions. This might be useful in breeding for nutritional improvement of potato tubers. 相似文献
14.
Limited biochemical information is available on soybean accessions that have seed protein content greater than 45% of the seed dry weight. SDS-PAGE analysis of seed proteins from nine soybean accessions revealed significantly higher amount of seed storage proteins in these accessions when compared with that of soybean cultivar Williams 82. High-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of seed proteins revealed significant differences among several seed storage protein components in these accessions. A total of 51 protein spots were identified using peptide mass fingerprinting (MALDI-TOF MS). The contribution of these proteins to the overall protein content of the accessions was quantified using Delta2D image analysis software. Results showed that among the majority of the nine accessions, the largest difference in higher protein quantity was within the seed 11S storage globulins. The high protein trait from PI407788A was successfully transferred to an experimental line, LG99-469, demonstrating that this trait was transferable and robust. 相似文献
15.
16.
利用MS培养液研究了不同浓度氯化钙对马铃薯试管薯的产量、 质量、 薯内钙含量及生理病害的影响。结果表明,MS培养液中不添加钙时,试管薯的结薯数量、 薯重及大薯率大幅度降低,没有＞100 mg 的试管薯,薯表面出现明显的黄褐色粗糙斑块,个别薯块现水浸状腐烂,腐烂率2.21%。薯内干物质、 淀粉、 可溶性糖和蛋白质含量也较正常钙用量下分别降低了36.8%、 41.39%、 10.7%.和.39.43%,丙二醛含量上升。4℃下贮藏6个月,薯皮失水皱缩严重,平均病害率达53.77%;室温下放置3周,发芽率25.53%,芽生长缓慢;MS 培养液中添加不同浓度的氯化钙,茎段结薯数和薯重随钙浓度的增加呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,大薯率和薯皮表面光泽度呈上升趋势,与正常钙水平相比,薯重增加了2.7%~47.86%、 结薯数增加了-11.49%~22.64%、 大薯率14.43%~26.08%。薯内干物质、 淀粉、 可溶性糖和蛋白质含量的变化均随钙浓度的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,并较正常钙用量下增加了4.43%~8.62%（干物质）、 6.79%~16.49%（淀粉）、 3.89%~6.31%（可溶性糖）和 4.63%~8.29%（蛋白质）。薯内钙含量大幅度上升,平均值为177~267 g/g（最高值为9 mmol/L处理）,薯皮光滑无水浸状腐烂。4℃下贮藏6个月,薯皮正常,生理病害率随薯内钙含量升高呈下降趋势,病害率为1%~8.9%,决定系数R2=0.3812,且试管薯芽的萌发和生长能力正常。确定MS培养液中添加 9 mmol/L CaCl2是新大坪品种试管薯数量和质量的最优处理。 相似文献
17.
M. Abdul Mojid 《Journal of plant nutrition》2014,37(12):1997-2016
This study evaluated fertilizer contribution of municipal wastewater on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivation in a split-plot experiment having two factors: water quality with 5 levels and fertilizer with 2 levels. Irrigation by raw wastewater supplied 16, 13, 13, 23, 1.7, and 83% of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) requirement of potato, respectively. Wastewater compared to freshwater, improved plant height, vigority, area coverage, leaf area index (LAI), stem per plant, number and weight of tuber per plant, above-ground dry matter (ADM), and tuber yield of potato. Averaged over 3 years, irrigation by 75 and 100% (raw) wastewater with recommended standard fertilizers produced the maximum, but identical, tuber yield. Wastewater raised N, P, and K contents in potato plants and tubers. Irrigation by wastewater could reduce the fertilizer requirement of potato by 10–15%. However, it caused high accumulation of total coliform (TC) and faecal coliform (FC) on potato skin, restricting the use of the produce. 相似文献
18.
Turakainen M Hartikainen H Ekholm P Seppänen MM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(22):8617-8622
Effects of Se fertilization on potato processing quality, possible changes in Se concentration and form in tubers during storage, and retransfer of Se from seed tubers were examined. Potato plants were grown at five selenate (SeO4(2-)) concentrations. Tubers were harvested 16 weeks after planting and were stored at 3-4 degrees C prior to analysis. The results showed that the Se concentration did not decrease during storage for 1-12 months. In tubers, 49-65% of total Se was allocated in protein fraction, which is less than found in plant leaves in a previous study. The next-generation tubers produced by the Se-enriched seed tubers had increased Se concentrations, which evidenced the relocation of Se from the seed tubers. At low levels, Se improved the processing quality of potato tubers by diminishing and retarding their raw darkening. The value of Se-enriched potato tubers as a Se source in the human diet was discussed. 相似文献
19.
为探明宁南半干旱雨养农业区马铃薯块茎中淀粉和关键酶活性对黑色地覆盖膜的响应机理,在2016年和2017年以宁南山区马铃薯主栽品种青薯9号为材料,通过两年大田试验,研究了黑膜覆盖(BF)、白膜覆盖(WF)和不覆膜(NF)对马铃薯块茎中淀粉及其组分积累、淀粉合成关键酶活性的影响。结果表明,与WF和NF相比,BF的直链淀粉、支链淀粉、总淀粉含量分别增加11.37%~35.68%、8.56%~27.05%、8.33%~27.60%,淀粉积累速率提高13.80%~37.90%;BF、WF、NF条件下块茎ADPG焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)、UDPG焦磷酸化酶(UGPase)、淀粉分支酶(SBE)、可溶性淀粉合酶(SSS)、束缚态淀粉合酶(GBSS)活性均呈单峰曲线变化,BF的淀粉合成关键酶活性明显高于WF和NF。与WF和NF相比,BF的AGPase活性分别增加12.81%和40.24%;UGPase活性分别增加15.34%和36.52%、SBE活性分别增加16.64%和44.17%、SSS活性分别增加13.69%和34.76%、GBSS活性分别增加15.75%和45.44%。BF产量较WF和NF分别提高14.54%和57.23%。相关分析表明,马铃薯块茎中直链淀粉、支链淀粉和总淀粉含量与AGPase、UGPase、SBE、SSS、GBSS活性在多数测定时期呈正相关(P<0.01)。因此,在干旱半干旱地区采用黑色地膜覆盖栽培能够通过影响淀粉合成关键酶,进而提高马铃薯块茎中的淀粉及其组分含量,最终影响马铃薯的产量。 相似文献
20.
Effect of calcium supply on growth rate and calcium content of potato tubers. . Using potato plants in water culture with a constant calcium supply to the roots, a study was made of the influence of additional supply of calcium to the tuber surface on growth rate and calcium content of the tubers. Under conditions of high relative humidity around the tubers the calcium nutrition of the tubers was exclusively dependent on the calcium supplied to the tuber surface (?exogenous calcium”?). With a high level of exogenous Ca the growth rate of the tubers was high and the rate of uptake of Ca was proportional to the tuber growth. With a low level of exogenous Ca the growth rate declined to a lower but constant value. In absence of exogenous supply of Ca the growth rate of the tubers declined gradually until growth ceased. Cessation of tuber growth occurred when the Ca content decreased below 0,36 mg Ca per g dry matter for smaller tubers and below 0,14 mg Ca per g dry matter for larger tubers. Severe Ca deficiency in potato tubers causes necrosis at the tuber apex. 相似文献