首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Background: Central venous pressure (CVP) is a used as an estimation of intravascular volume status in various species. Techniques for measuring CVP in horses have been described, but the repeatability of these readings at a single time point or over time has not been established. Hypothesis: That CVP measurements in healthy adult horses would be repeatable at each time point, that these readings would be reproducible over time, and that alteration in head position relative to the heart would alter CVP. Animals: Ten healthy adult research horses. Methods: In an experimental study, horses were instrumented with a central venous catheter. Readings were taken in triplicate q6h for 2 days by water manometry, and twice daily with the head in neutral, elevated, and lowered positions by electronic manometry. Results: Variation in the “neutral” measurements obtained at each time point was <0.1 ± 1.0 cmH2O (P= .718). There was a significant decrease in CVP over time (P= .015), which was eliminated when results were controlled for acute decrease in body weight of ?1.35% (presumed hypohydration because of lack of acclimatization and decreased water intake). Head height had a significant and directional effect on CVP in that the elevated head position decreased CVP ?2.0 ± 6.5 cmH2O (P < .001) while the lowered head position increased CVP by 3.7 ± 5.5 cmH2O (P < .001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: CVP values obtained by water manometry were repeatable in adult horses, but were reproducible only when controlled for changes in hydration. Care should be taken to maintain consistency in head position to prevent erroneous readings.  相似文献   

2.
This study was initiated to investigate the physiologic effects of cooldown methods and durations on recovery following high-intensity exercise (3000 m, 10 m/s) of 25 Jeju crossbred horses. Heart rate (HR) was measured and blood samples were collected for glucose, blood lactate concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), total protein (TP), and hemoglobin (Hb) analysis. The cooldown methods employed involved walk rest (WR) or trot rest (TR), and the durations compared were 15, 30, and 60 min. A passive rest group (PR) was used as a control. According to the analysis, HR decreased after a 15 min rest in all groups, showing a faster recovery in the active rest groups, WR and TR, than in the PR group after 30 min (P < 0.05). In the case of glucose, the decrease was faster in the WR15 group then the WR30 group suggesting that active rest is more effective in controlling this parameter (P < 0.05). As for lactate, TR15 showed a 75% decrease which was a significantly positive effect. There were no differences in PCV between the groups. Horses in the PR group showed faster recovery for TP and Hb than those in the active rest groups (P < 0.05), while lactate removal was faster in active rest groups than in the PR group, suggesting that the cooldown process plays an important role in recovery. This study showed that the cooldown method and duration employed after high-intensity exercise of horses makes a difference with regard to their physiologic status. Also, 15 min rest after exercise appears to be the most significant period in terms of duration. In conclusion, active rest was necessary for rapid recovery and a 15 to 30 min cooldown walk or trot was beneficial to the horses in which physical fatigue had accumulated. In particular, the active exercise method of trotting was found to be more effective than walking to remove lactate. In addition, the cooldown duration is expected to be more effective when adjusted according to the individual training state of the horse.  相似文献   

3.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in colloid osmotic pressure (COP) and total protein concentrations during routine general anesthesia in horses. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, clinical study. ANIMALS: Twelve adult healthy horses aged 9.1 +/- 4.7 years and weighing 474 +/- 79 kg presented for elective surgery and 14 adult horses aged 8.7 +/- 7.3 years and weighing 510 +/- 85 kg. METHODS: All horses were premedicated with xylazine and anesthesia induced with ketamine, diazepam and guaifenesin, and maintained with isoflurane for 2.5 hours. Lactate Ringer's solution was administered at 11 mL kg(-1) hour(-1). Osmolality, COP, electrolytes, glucose, and lactate were measured with specific commercial analyzers. Total protein (TP) was determined with a refractometer and packed cell volume with centrifuged capillary tubes. In the second group of 14 horses samples were taken from both venous and arterial sites simultaneously and the above measurements performed. RESULTS: Before anesthesia, COP and TP were 22.2 +/- 2 mmHg and 6.9 +/- 0.4 g dL(-1), respectively. Within 15 minutes of anesthetic induction, COP and TP decreased significantly (19.9 +/- 1.9 mmHg and 6.3 +/- 1.9 g dL(-1); p < 0.01). During anesthesia COP and TP decreased in a linear form (COP r2 = 0.96 and TP r2 = 0.97). The COP and TP were 15 +/- 1.3 mmHg and 5.1 +/- 0.2 g dL(-1) at the end of anesthesia. Calculation of COP from TP values failed to accurately predict measured COP. Simultaneous arterial and venous samples in the 14 anesthetized horses yielded no differences for COP or TP. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The data indicate that COP, like TP, decreases over the course of routine anesthetic management of horses and venous versus arterial samples should reveal comparable information.  相似文献   

4.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the administration of a high volume of isotonic crystalloid at a rapid rate on cardiovascular function in normovolemic, isoflurane-anesthetized dogs during induced hypotension.Using a prospective study, 6 adult dogs were induced to general anesthesia and cardiovascular and hematological values were measured while the dogs were maintained at 3 hemodynamic states: first during light anesthesia with 1.3% end-tidal isoflurane (ETI); then during a hypotensive state induced by deep anesthesia with 3% ETI for 45 min while administered 1 mL/kg body weight (BW) per minute of isotonic fluids; and then decreased to 1.6% ETI while receiving 1 mL/kg BW per minute of fluids for 15 min. End-tidal isoflurane (ETI) at 3.0 ± 0.2% decreased arterial blood pressure (ABP), cardiac index (CI), and stroke volume index (SVI), and increased stroke volume variation (SVV) and central venous pressure (CVP). Fluid administration during 3% ETI decreased only SVV and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), while CVP increased progressively. Decreasing ETI to 1.6 ± 0.1% returned ABP and SVI to baseline (ETI 1.3 ± 0.1%), while CI and heart rate increased and SVV decreased. There was significant progressive clinical hemodilution of hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total protein (TP), colloid osmotic pressure (COP), arterial oxygen content (CaO2), and central-venous oxygen content (CcvO2).High-volume, rapid-rate administration of an isotonic crystalloid was ineffective in counteracting isoflurane-induced hypotension in normovolemic dogs at a deep plane of anesthesia. Cardiovascular function improved only when anesthetic depth was reduced. Excessive hemodilution and its adverse consequences should be considered when a high volume of crystalloid is administered at a rapid rate.  相似文献   

5.
Alpha-2 agonist-induced changes in packed cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS), selected biochemical parameters, and splenic thickness were investigated in horses. Four healthy mares were treated in a blinded, randomized, cross-over design with a dose of xylazine (0.5 mg/kg), romifidine (0.04 mg/kg), or detomidine (0.01 mg/kg) IV, and detomidine (0.02 mg/kg) IM. Hematology, TS, colloid osmotic pressure (COP), plasma osmolality; glucose, lactate, urea (BUN) and electrolyte concentrations; venous blood pH and ultrasonographic splenic thickness were evaluated at intervals for 300 min. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed with P < 0.05. There was a significant change over time in PCV and TS following each treatment (P < 0.001), with median (range) reductions of 20.9% (12.9% to 27.3%) and 5.8% (3.0% to 10.3%), respectively. Red blood cell count, BUN, and COP decreased while osmolality, glucose, Na+, and splenic thickness increased. Treatments induced clinically significant transient changes in PCV, TS, and other biochemical parameters, which should be considered when assessing horses that received these drugs.  相似文献   

6.
The purpose of this study was to compare exercise measurements in yearling, two-year-old and adult Thoroughbreds using a standardised treadmill incremental exercise test. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak: 128.0 +/- 2.1, 140.0 +/- 2.1, 163.7 +/- 3.4; ml/kg/min +/- se, P less than 0.05), peak packed cell volume (PCV peak: 0.50 +/- 0.01, 0.58 +/- 0.01, 0.64 +/- 0.01 litres/litre +/- se, P less than 0.05) and the maximum number of steps completed in the exercise test (STEPmax: 7.7 +/- 0.1, 8.1 +/- 0.1, 8.6 +/- 0.1; steps +/- se, P less than 0.05) increased with age and degree of physical activity. Peak venous lactate concentration (LACpeak: 21.3 +/- 1.5, 19.5 +/- 1.7, 14.4 +/- 1.7; mmol/litre +/- se, P less than 0.05) and peak respiratory exchange ratio (Rpeak) were significantly higher in both groups of younger horses compared to the adult racehorses. Peak heart rate (HRpeak: 230 +/- 2, 231 +/- 3, 229 +/- 3; beats/min +/- se) did not change with age or training. The rate of change of VO2 between steps in the exercise test (VO2trans) was significantly lower in the adult racehorses at the highest exercise intensities. The slopes of the linear approximation between R (LinR bx), the natural log transformation of venous lactate concentration (LogLAC bx), and heart rate (HR bx) with velocity were significantly lower in the trained adult racehorses. The slope of venous lactate concentration normalised to per cent VO2peak (LogLAC per cent bx) was significantly lower and R breakpoint (R brkpt) normalised to per cent VO2peak was significantly higher in the trained adult racehorses. There was a more rapid decrease in venous lactate and a more rapid return to initial R values in the adult horses relative to the younger, untrained horses. No significant age or training effects were found in the remainder of the post exercise measurements. These results indicate that aerobic power and exercise capacity increased with age and training. Anaerobic power was already well developed even at a young age.  相似文献   

7.
Background: Ketamine as continuous rate infusion (CRI) provides analgesia in hospitalized horses. Objective: Determine effects of prolonged CRI of ketamine on gastrointestinal transit time, fecal weight, vital parameters, gastrointestinal borborygmi, and behavior scores in healthy adult horses. Animals: Seven adult Thoroughbred or Thoroughbred cross horses, with permanently implanted gastric cannulae. Methods: Nonblinded trial. Random assignment to 1 of 2 crossover designed treatments. Ketamine (0.55 mg/kg IV over 15 minutes followed by 1.2 mg/kg/h) or lactated Ringer's solution (50 mL IV over 15 minutes followed by 0.15 mL/kg/h) treatments. Two hundred 3 × 5 mm plastic beads administered by nasogastric tube before drug administration. Every 2 hours vital parameters, behavior scores recorded, feces collected and weighed, and beads retrieved. Every 6 hours gastrointestinal borborygmi scores recorded. Study terminated upon retrieval of 180 beads (minimum 34 hours) or maximum 96 hours. Nontransit time data analyzed between hours 0 and 34. Results: No significant (P < .05) differences detected between treatments in vital signs or gastrointestinal borborygmi. Significant (P = .002) increase in behavior score during ketamine infusion (0.381) from hours 24–34 compared with placebo (0). Ketamine caused significant delay in passage of 25, 50, and 75% of beads (ketamine = 30.6 ± 5.3, 41.4 ± 8.4, 65.3 ± 13.5 hours versus placebo = 26.8 ± 7.9, 34.3 ± 11.1, 45.8 ± 19.4 hours), and significant (P < .05) decrease in fecal weight from hours 22 (12.6 ± 3.2 versus 14.5 ± 3.8 kg) through 34 (18.5 ± 3.9 versus 12.8 ± 6.4 kg) of infusion. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Ketamine CRI delayed gastrointestinal transit time in healthy horses without effect on vital parameters.  相似文献   

8.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate selected hemodynamic, blood gas, and biochemical responses to mild to moderate acute blood loss in standing, awake horses. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 7 healthy mares. PROCEDURES: Each horse was restrained in standing stocks, and its head was maintained in a neutral position; sedatives and tranquilizers were not administered. During a 1-hour period, blood was collected into collection bags by use of a suction pump. The rate of blood collection was approximately 16 mL/kg/h (7.3 mL/lb/h). Thirty minutes after blood collection, the blood was readministered at the same rate. Central venous pressure (CVP), central venous blood gas, blood lactate concentration, and heart rate were measured at baseline (after placement of catheters), after removal of blood, and after readministration of blood. RESULTS: In response to blood loss, CVP decreased and blood lactate concentration increased significantly, compared with baseline values; heart rate and results of central venous blood gas analysis did not change significantly. After readministration of blood, CVP returned to baseline value and blood lactate concentration approached baseline value. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Changes in CVP and blood lactate concentration appear to be early indicators of hypovolemia in horses, which may represent acute blood loss in trauma patients; these variables should be monitored to assess the potential need for blood transfusions. These variables can be used to monitor responses of horses to blood transfusions when whole blood is administered as the replacement fluid.  相似文献   

9.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Dehydration and heat stress are serious welfare issues for equids working in developing countries. There is a lack of any standardised method or validated interpretation of the skin tent test in horses and donkeys. Owners of dehydrated and heat-stressed animals often depend on veterinary examination for identification of these conditions, leading to delays in treatment and unnecessary reliance on external sources to effect welfare improvement. OBJECTIVES: To validate a standardised skin tent test for dehydration and a behavioural measure of heat stress in working equids; and to examine the effect of heat stress and dehydration on tripping and staggering behaviour. METHODS: The study was carried out on 130 working horses and donkeys in Pakistan. Associations between skin tent and blood parameters (packed cell volume [PCV], serum total protein [TP], serum osmolality), clinical parameters, resting and drinking behaviour were examined. Heat stress behaviour (increased respiratory rate and depth, head nodding, flared nostrils, apathy) was observed in conjunction with rectal temperature. Tripping and staggering were assessed using a simple obstacle course. RESULTS: In both species, heat stress behaviour was significantly associated with increased rectal temperature (P<0.001). A positive skin tent test was not significantly associated with PCV or TP, although in donkeys it was significantly associated with lower serum osmolality (P<0.001). More animals age >15 years had a positive skin tent than those in younger age groups (P = 0.037). Very thin horses were more likely to have a positive skin tent than those in thin or moderate condition (P = 0.028). There was no significant correlation between skin tent and tripping or staggering in either species. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Heat stress behaviour is related to increased body temperature in working horses and donkeys. Owners may use this to make judgements regarding rest and cooling, precluding the need to seek veterinary attention. The skin tent test for dehydration used in this study did not show a significant relationship with PCV or TP. However, the use of blood parameters to validate the skin tent test may be confounded by anaemia, hypoproteinaemia or electrolyte depletion. Alternative methods are needed to confirm or refute the validity of the skin tent test in working equids.  相似文献   

10.
Objective To compare and correlate right atrial pressure, which represents central venous pressure (CVP) to jugular vein pressure (JVP) in laterally recumbent horses under anesthesia. Study design Retrospective clinical trial. Animals Seven adult healthy horses (411 ± 8.7 kg). Methods Horses were sedated with IV xylazine and anesthesia was obtained with IV ketamine and diazepam. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen. All horses were positioned in left lateral recumbency. An 8F catheter introducer was inserted into the right jugular vein to measure JVP. An 8F catheter introducer was inserted into the left jugular vein to be used as the port for a 7F 110 cm catheter that reached the right atrium to measure CVP. Both, CVP and JVP were measured simultaneously with a water calibrated aneroid manometer using the sternum as the 0 cmH2O reference point. Measurements were compared using Spearman correlation and the Bland‐Altman plot. Results Twenty paired samples were obtained over a period of 2 hours. The CVP ranged from 7 to 31 cmH2O, while the JVP ranged from 5 to 30 cmH2O. The Spearman correlation coefficient indicated that CVP and JVP had a strong correlation with r = 0.88. The Bland‐Altman plot showed a bias of 0.7 cmH2O. Conclusion and clinical relevance Jugular vein pressure showed a strong correlation with CVP in healthy, euvolemic, laterally recumbent anesthetized adult horses. Thus, JVP cannot replace CVP but it may be used clinically to monitor CVP in laterally recumbent horses.  相似文献   

11.
Objective – To investigate a technique of central venous pressure (CVP) measurement using a newly developed catheter in healthy adult horses. Design – Prospective experimental study. Setting – University research facility. Animals – Twenty healthy adult horses. Interventions – An equine central venous catheter was inserted into the jugular vein to a length of approximately 80 cm from the mid‐cervical region in an attempt to catheterize the pulmonary artery. Pulmonary arterial catheterization was confirmed by echocardiography. Insertion distance and pressure were measured at this location with a disposable manometer. The catheter was then withdrawn until presence in the right atrium was confirmed by echocardiography. Insertion distance and pressure were also measured at this location. The catheter was then withdrawn in 5 cm increments until exiting the jugular insertion site with pressure measured at each location. All pressure measurements were taken with the manometer zero position at the point of the shoulder. Measurements and Main Results – Pulmonary artery catheterization was successful in 16 of 20 horses. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 23.8 cm H2O (17.5 mm Hg) (95% confidence interval [CI] 20.9–26.7 cm H2O [15.4–19.6 mm Hg]). Mean right atrial pressure was 8.3 cm H2O (6.1 mm Hg) (95% CI 7.1–9.4 cm H2O [5.2–6.9 mm Hg]). Right atrial pressure was compared with pressures recorded at sequential insertion distances and resulted in a recommendation for catheter insertion of at least 40 cm for CVP measurement in adult horses. Jugular venous pressure measurement was statistically different from CVP measurement. Conclusions – This catheter measurement technique is well tolerated in normal horses. Routine clinical use of this equine central venous catheter may improve our ability to monitor patients and improve patient care and outcomes of ill horses in hospital.  相似文献   

12.
  相似文献   

13.
Reasons for performing study: The incidence and implications of positive blood cultures in mature horses with diarrhoea is unknown. The diagnosis of bacteraemia may alter treatment and prognosis. Hypothesis: The proportion of horses with diarrhoea that are blood culture positive is higher than previously assumed and a positive blood culture has a negative impact on survival. Methods: Blood cultures were taken at admission and 24 h after admission from 31 mature horses with diarrhoea. Results: Nine (29%) horses were blood culture positive within 24 h of admission. Organisms isolated included Corynebacterium spp. (n = 6), Streptococcus spp. (n = 2), Pantoea agglomerans (n = 1), Gram‐negative rod (n = 1), Bacillus spp. (n = 1) and yeast (n = 1). Horses with positive blood cultures were significantly less likely to survive. Prior treatment with antimicrobial drugs had no significant effect on blood culture status. Horses with positive blood cultures had a significantly higher heart rate, packed cell volume (PCV) and plasma potassium concentration at admission, and a higher PCV and lower total plasma protein concentration 24 h after admission. Conclusions: Positive blood cultures occur more frequently than previously reported, and may have a negative impact on survival in horses with diarrhoea. Potential relevance: Results of blood cultures may be useful in formulating a prognosis for horses with diarrhoea. Further research is required to determine the effect of antimicrobial treatment on outcome.  相似文献   

14.
The primary objective of this study was to determine the agreement between the packed cell volume (PCV) and total solids (TS) values in blood collected from the jugular vein (JV) in comparison with the cephalic vein (CV) and the transverse facial venous sinus (TFVS) in healthy adult horses. A total of 72 samples were taken from 24 horses. We found high agreement that reflects no clinically relevant differences between the PCV and TS values obtained from the CV or the TFVS in comparison with the JV in standing healthy adult horses.  相似文献   

15.
A study was conducted on the effects of acute administration of aminophylline on physiological variables in purebred Arabian horses submitted to incremental exercise test. Twelve horses were submitted to two physical tests separated by a 10-day interval in a crossover study. These horses were divided into two groups: control (C, n = 12) and aminophylline (AM, n = 12). The drug at 10 mg/kg body weight or saline was given intravenously, 30 minutes before the incremental exercise test. The treadmill exercise test consisted of an initial warmup followed by gradually increasing physical exigency. Blood samples were assayed for lactic acid, glucose, and insulin. Maximal lactic acidemia was greater (P = .0238) in the AM group. Both V2 and V4 (velocities at which lactate concentrations were 2 and 4 mmol/L, respectively) were reduced in the AM group by 15.85% (P = .0402) and 17.76% (P = .0109), respectively. At rest as well as at 4 minutes, insulinemia was greater in the AM group (P = .0417 and .0393). Glycemia was statistically lower in the AM group at times 8 (P = .0138) and 10 minutes (P = .0432). Use of aminophylline in horses during incremental exercise does not seem to be beneficial, because this drug has a tendency to cause hypoglycemia and to increase dependence on anaerobic glucose metabolism.  相似文献   

16.
BACKGROUND: Intestinal hypoperfusion can lead to increased lactate concentrations in plasma and peritoneal fluid of horses with colic. HYPOTHESIS: The purposes of this study were to (1) evaluate the reliability of the Accusport analyzer to assess peritoneal fluid lactate (PFL) concentrations in healthy horses and those with colic, (2) identify clinical features associated with abnormal blood plasma lactate (BPL) and PFL concentrations, and (3) evaluate the prognostic value of BPL and PFL. ANIMALS: BPL and PFL were determined in 20 healthy horses and in 106 horses with colic. RESULTS: The Accusport was reliable for determining BPL concentrations < 13 mM and PFL concentrations < 20 mM. Multivariate analysis indicated that PCV and the need for intestinal resection were independently associated with the BPL; pulse, PCV, venous pO2, the presence of necrotic intestine, an increased amount of peritoneal fluid, and fluid total protein content were independently associated with PFL. With a 1 mM increase in BPL or PFL, the respective odds ratios for required abdominal surgery increase to 1.23 (BPL) and 1.58 (PFL), odds ratios for a required intestinal resection increase to 1.20 (BPL) and 1.41 (PFL), and odds ratios for developing ileus increase by 1.33 (BPL) and 1.36 (PFL). PFL concentrations of 1, 6, 12, and 16 mM correspond to a probability of death of 11, 29, 63, and 82%, respectively, in horses without strangulating obstruction and of 25, 52, 82, and 92%, respectively, in horses with strangulating obstruction. CONCLUSION: PFL is more useful and sensitive than BPL for prognostic purposes in horses with colic.  相似文献   

17.
Blood constituents and vascular volume indices were determined in 5 standing horses by use of 2-period crossover experimental design. Horses were either administered hypertonic (2,400 mosm/kg of body weight, i.v.) or isotonic (300 mosm/kg, i.v.) saline solution. Each solution was administered at a dosage of 5 ml/kg (infusion rate, 80 ml/min). Samples for determination of PCV, plasma volume, blood volume, plasma osmolality, total amount of plasma protein and plasma concentrations of protein, Na, K, and Cl were collected at 0 hour (baseline, before fluid infusion) and 0.5 hour (at the end of fluid infusion), and subsequently, at 0.25- or 0.5-hour intervals for 4.5 hours. All horses were given the predetermined dose of fluids by 0.5 hour after beginning the saline infusion. Values of P < or = 0.05 were considered significant. Administration of hypertonic saline solution was associated with decreased mean body weight by 4.5 hours, but weight change after isotonic saline administration was not significant. Other than body weight and plasma protein concentration, between-trial difference (treatment effect) was not observed for any measured variable or index. The F values indicated that increasing the number of horses would have not changed these results. A time effect was evident across both trials, so that mean (+/- SD) plasma volume increased (12.3 +/- 1.07%) and mean plasma protein concentration (-12.1 +/- 1.03%) and PCV (-11.9 + 0.67%) decreased proportionately and transiently in association with administration of either fluid at that volume. Other time effects included increased plasma osmolality and Na and Cl concentrations. Blood volume estimates and total amount of plasma protein remained unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

18.
Reason for performing study: It is the impression of some surgeons that geriatric horses have a lower survival rate compared to mature nongeriatric horses following colic surgery. One possible reason for this is that geriatric horses may be more critically ill at admission and have more severe disease than mature nongeriatric horses. Objective: To compare admission historical, physical examination and laboratory data for geriatric and mature nongeriatric horses referred for signs of colic. Methods: Medical records of horses admitted with a presenting complaint of colic between 2000 and 2006 were reviewed. Geriatric horses ≥16 years (n = 300) and mature nongeriatric horses 4–15 years (n = 300). Information obtained included duration of colic prior to admission, admission level of pain, heart rate, intestinal borborygmi, packed cell volume (PCV), plasma creatinine and blood lactate concentrations and peritoneal fluid total protein. Data were analysed using a Chi‐squared test or an analysis of variance. Level of significance was P<0.05. Results: There was no difference between geriatric and mature horses in the duration of colic prior to admission or in admission heart rate, PCV, or plasma creatinine or blood lactate concentrations. However, geriatric horses were more likely to be moderately painful and less likely to be bright and alert than mature horses; and less likely to have normal intestinal borborygmi than mature horses. Peritoneal fluid total protein concentration was higher in geriatric than mature horses. Conclusions and potential relevance: Geriatric horses presenting with signs of colic had a similar admission cardiovascular status based on heart rate, PCV, and plasma creatinine and blood lactate concentration to mature horses. Geriatric horses, however, may have different causes of colic, which may be more serious than mature horses based on pain, lack of intestinal borborygmi and peritoneal fluid total protein concentration.  相似文献   

19.
Nine Standardbred horses of similar athletic fitness (six mares, three geldings), ranging from 4 to 11 years of age, were used to determine the effects of 0, 250, or 500 mg intravenously administered furosemide on plasma tCO2 changes over time. All horses were either currently racing or in advanced stages of race training before entering a qualifying race. Horses were randomly allotted to one of the three treatment levels of furosemide during 3 consecutive weeks. Jugular venous samples were obtained from horses at rest in box stalls before and hourly for 6 hours after administration of furosemide. Body weights of horses ranged from 356 to 456 kg, and the mean was 417 kg. Thus, the dose of furosemide received by each horse ranged from 0.55 to 0.70 mg/kg body weight for the 250-mg injections and from 1.1 to 1.4 mg/kg body weight for the 500-mg injections. Furosemide caused metabolic alkalosis in the horses. Least square means (±SEM) were determined and horses had adjusted plasma tCO2 of 32.2, 33.9, and 34.7 ± 0.41 for the 0-, 5-, and 10-mL doses of furosemide, respectively. The type 3 tests of hypotheses found that there was a difference (P < .0001) across time, a difference (P = .0016) according to furosemide dose, and a difference (P < .0001) according to treatment × hour. There was no difference (P > .05) according to week or treatment × week. These data suggest that either 250 or 500 mg furosemide given to Standardbred race horses induces statistically similar metabolic alkalosis.  相似文献   

20.
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that sucralfate, a gastric ulcer medication, would alter plasma concentrations of total carbon dioxide (tCO2), lactate (LA), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-) and total protein (TP), as well as calculated plasma strong ion difference (SID) and packed cell volume (PCV) in horses subjected to a simulated race test (SRT). Six unfit Standardbred mares (approximately 520 kg, 9-18 years) were used in a randomized crossover design with the investigators blinded to the treatment given. The horses were assigned to either a control (40-50 mL apple sauce administered orally (PO)) or a sucralfate (20 mg/kg bodyweight dissolved in 40-50 mL apple sauce administered PO) group. Each horse completed a series of SRTs during which blood samples were taken via jugular venipuncture at five sampling intervals (prior to receiving treatment, prior to SRT, immediately following exercise, and at 60 and 90 min post-SRT). During the SRTs, each horse ran on a treadmill fixed on a 6% grade for 2 min at a warm-up speed (4 m/s) and then for 2 min at a velocity predetermined to produce VO2max. Each horse then walked at 4 m/s for 2 min to complete the SRT. Plasma tCO2, electrolytes, LA, and blood PCV and TP were analysed at all intervals. No differences (P>0.05) were detected between control and sucralfate for any of the measured variables. There were differences (P<0.05) in tCO2, SID, PCV, TP, LA and electrolyte concentrations relative to sampling time. However, these differences were attributable to the physiological pressures associated with acute exercise and were not an effect of the medication. It was concluded that sucralfate did not alter plasma tCO2 concentration in this study.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号