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利用大豆球蛋白（11S）和β-伴大豆球蛋白（7S）在酸性条件下制备Pickering高内相乳液,通过粒径、ζ-电位、傅里叶红外光谱（FITR）、冷冻扫描电镜、乳化性和流变学等研究其稳定性,并探讨其消化特性。结果表明：在pH值2.0时,7S和11S形成的乳液均具有较高的乳化活性和乳化稳定性,11S比7S具有更高乳化性能。当蛋白质量浓度为0.015g/mL,油相体积分数为78%~82%时,可以形成稳定的高内相乳液。通过增加内相体积分数,7S和11S蛋白颗粒稳定的Pickering乳液体系分布更加均匀,不易发生聚集,并且可以形成较强的凝胶网络结构。模拟体外消化实验表明,在酸性条件下,蛋白形成的高内相乳液可以不同程度地延迟脂质的释放。本研究明晰了在酸性条件下7S和11S的结构特性以及7S和11S高内相乳液在胃肠道中的消化行为,可为食品功能性成分递送体系研究提供理论支撑。 相似文献
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制备了大豆分离蛋白（Soy protein isolate,SPI）凝胶颗粒,并使用该颗粒制备了稳定的Pickering高内相乳液。通过粒径和ζ 电位测定、冷冻扫描电镜和光学显微镜观察以及外观分析,以流变特性为指标,对SPI凝胶颗粒和Pickering高内相乳液特性进行研究。结果表明,SPI凝胶颗粒的粒径和ζ 电位随pH值的变化而变化,当SPI凝胶颗粒pH值为4.0～5.0时,临近SPI等电点,ζ 电位的绝对值最小,此时凝胶颗粒相互聚集,不能成功制备稳定的高内相乳液。在pH值为 9.0时,大豆分离蛋白凝胶颗粒紧密结合在一起,呈凝胶网络状结构。在碱性条件下,蛋白质质量分数为1.00%、内相体积分数为78%～82%时,可以制备稳定的Pickering高内相乳液。通过增加内相体积分数,使大豆分离蛋白凝胶颗粒稳定的Pickering乳液体系分布更加均匀,不易发生聚集,形成更加致密稳定的多孔结构,且具有更强的弹性凝胶乳液特性。 相似文献
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菊粉在酸性条件下的凝胶特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了得出菊粉在酸性条件下的成胶规律、凝胶稳定性和质构特性,考察了pH值对不同菊粉含量形成的凝胶性能的影响。试验发现,随pH值降低,菊粉成胶能力减弱,成胶时间延长,而凝胶指数随菊粉含量的增加而增大,随pH值的降低而减小;当pH值为1时,60%的菊粉溶液也不能形成凝胶。随菊粉含量的升高,其凝胶持水力增加,其增加幅度随pH值的降低而减弱,pH值分别为7、5和3时,60%的菊粉凝胶持水力较40%的凝胶分别增加了9.4%、5.75%和5.47%;菊粉含量越高,凝胶对酸的稳定性越强,当pH值为3和水解时间为24 h时,40%菊粉凝胶的水解速率分别是50%和60%的1.35倍和2.97倍。质构仪分析发现,pH值高低与菊粉凝胶的硬度、强度、黏着性、凝聚性、咀嚼性等呈正相关。差示扫描量热仪分析发现,当pH值由7下降到3时,50%菊粉凝胶的可冻结水含量增加程度最大,达到26.0%。 相似文献
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采用微波辅助法提取低温豆粕中的大豆蛋白,通过单因素试验和L9(33)正交试验研究了微波功率、提取pH值、料液比、微波时间、酸沉pH值对大豆蛋白得率的影响。结果表明:在试验条件范围内各因素对大豆蛋白得率的影响主次顺序为:料液比>微波功率>微波时间;微波提取大豆蛋白的最佳提取条件为:微波功率288W、提取pH值11.5、料液比1:30g/mL、微波提取时间300s、蛋白质酸沉pH值4,在此条件下蛋白得率为65.3%,产品中的蛋白质含量高达90.1%。 相似文献
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高浓度下热诱导大豆蛋白聚集体流变特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨大豆蛋白溶液聚集体性质对其流变性质的影响,通过热诱导不同质量浓度(0.04 g/mL和0.09 g/mL)大豆蛋白溶液形成聚集体,并考察高浓度下(0.14 g/mL,高于临界凝胶质量浓度)聚集体溶液(聚集体浓溶液)的剪切黏度和热致凝胶流变学性质。试验结果表明:蛋白质分子浓度是聚集体性质的关键因素,且随着初始热诱导蛋白浓度的增大,聚集体平均粒径、暴露巯基含量、特性黏度增大。流变特性分析发现:初始热诱导蛋白浓度越高,聚集体浓溶液的剪切黏度越大,而天然大豆蛋白溶液剪切黏度最小;在重新加热后,聚集体浓溶液产生了较弱的凝胶,而天然大豆蛋白溶液产生的凝胶强度最强。上述结果表明热诱导大豆蛋白聚集可改变溶液流变性质,而不用改变蛋白质浓度。 相似文献
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利用高能超声波处理低酰基结冷胶（Low acyl gellan gum,LA）水溶液,并以葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯（Glucono-δ-lactone,GDL）为酸诱导剂制备了结冷胶酸性凝胶,以不透明指数、断裂应力、断裂应变、杨氏模量、保水性指数为指标,考察了超声作用对结冷胶酸性凝胶凝胶特性的影响。结果表明,结冷胶浓度越高,断裂应力、杨氏模量、不透明指数和保水性越大,断裂应变则越小。超声时间越长,超声功率越大,凝胶的断裂应变越大,但断裂应力、杨氏模量则越小。断裂应力、杨氏模量随着GDL/LA质量比的增大出现了先增加后降低的变化趋势,当GDL/LA质量比为1时取得最大值。GDL/LA质量比增大,酸性凝胶的断裂应变和保水性减小,而不透明指数增大。保水性随着超声功率的增大而降低,但随着超声时间的延长,保水性出现了小幅提高,当超声时间为30min时,保水性最大。超声处理使结冷胶分子链断链,凝胶三维网络结构中形成了悬挂链,凝胶强度降低。结冷胶浓度越大,凝胶的微观结构越致密。超声处理可用于结冷胶改性以改善其凝胶特性。 相似文献
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为获得高温杀菌后凝胶品质较好的淡水鱼糜制品,采用草鱼为试验原料,制作鱼糕,研究高温杀菌后,鱼糜制品凝胶特性、白度和蛋白质二级结构的变化,来阐释高温杀菌后鱼糜制品劣变的机理。在此基础上,通过添加0.3%转谷氨酰胺酶（TG酶）,经过低温凝胶化（40 ℃,60 min）和沸水蒸制（100 ℃,30 min）二段式加热过程,来探索TG酶对鱼糜制品凝胶强度的改进机制。通过SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳和红外光谱图可以得出:高温杀菌后鱼糜制品中蛋白质肌球蛋白重链消失,肌动蛋白含量下降,α螺旋转化为β折叠和无规则卷曲结构,白度、弹性、硬度和凝胶强度显著下降;加入TG酶后,鱼糜制品白度、弹性、硬度和凝胶强度显著增强,肌动蛋白条带下降趋势减小,对肌球蛋白重链的改善不明显。 相似文献
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利用应力松弛模式研究了低酰基结冷胶(LA)/高酰基结冷胶(HA)质量配比、基体总浓度、p H值对低酰基/高酰基复合酸性结冷胶凝胶(L/H-GLG)凝胶特性的影响。结果表明,复合酸性凝胶的应力松弛行为可用Peleg模型进行拟合,平衡模量EA可用来表征复合酸性凝胶的凝胶强度。LA/HA质量配比、p H值和基体浓度对复合酸性结冷胶凝胶的凝胶特性影响显著。随着LA/HA质量配比的增加,EA和k1均表现出先增大、后减小的变化规律,在LA/HA质量配比为50∶50时获得最大值,说明此时LA和HA形成了互穿网络。随着p H值的增加,复合酸性结冷胶凝胶的EA呈现了先增大、后减小的变化趋势,p H值为3时最大。结冷胶总浓度越高,EA越大。相对于高酰基结冷胶,低酰基结冷胶对酸更为敏感。此外,模拟胃液酸环境时,以p H值为2的酸液浸泡可以对复合凝胶的结构与凝胶特性产生影响。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献