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1.
基于局部加权回归的土壤全氮含量可见-近红外光谱反演 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
全氮是土壤肥力的重要指标,对作物产量具有决定性作用,采用土壤可见-近红外(Vis-NIR)光谱预测技术及时获取土壤全氮含量信息具有重要意义。采用来自5省的450个土壤样本来验证局部加权回归方法(LWR)结合Vis-NIR光谱技术预测大面积土壤全氮含量的适用性。结果表明,LWR模型的预测效果优于偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)、人工神经网络(ANN)和支持向量机(SVM),选取主成分数为5,相似样本为40时,模型验证的决定系数(RP2)为0.83,均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.25 g kg-1,测定值标准偏差与标准预测误差的比值(RPD)达到2.41。LWR从建模集中选取与验证样本相似的土样作为局部建模样本,降低了差别大的样本对模型的干扰,从而提高了模型的预测能力。因此,LWR建模方法通过大范围、大样本土壤光谱数据进行大尺度区域的全氮等土壤属性预测时能够发挥更好的作用。 相似文献
2.
黑土养分含量的航空高光谱遥感预测 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为监测黑龙江省黑土典型区土壤的养分元素含量,综合利用统计理论与光谱分析方法,研究建三江农场黑土土壤的3类养分含量与土壤光谱之间的关系,建立土壤全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量高光谱反演模型,实现土壤养分元素含量定量预测。对黑土土壤航空高光谱数据进行处理,应用偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）和BP神经网络方法分别建立土壤养分元素含量的高光谱定量反演模型,结果表明：全氮PLSR和BP神经网络预测模型的RPIQ值（样本观测值第三和第一四分位数之差与均方根误差的比值）分别为2.42和2.80;有效磷PLSR和BP神经网络模预测型的RPIQ值分别为0.83和1.67;速效钾PLSR和BP神经网络模型的RPIQ值分别为2.00和2.33。试验证明土壤全氮和速效钾的光谱定量预测模型具备较好的精度和预测能力。但有效磷的预测效果不是特别理想,仅可达到近似定量预测的要求;全氮、有效磷和速效钾的预测精度,BP神经网络建模相比偏最小二乘建模有更好的精度和预测能力,预测精度分别提高6.5%、10.1%和6.6%。 相似文献
3.
灌溉水中悬浮固体对土壤水分入渗性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为监测黑龙江省黑土典型区土壤的养分元素含量,综合利用统计理论与光谱分析方法,研究建三江农场黑土土壤的3类养分含量与土壤光谱之间的关系,建立土壤全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量高光谱反演模型,实现土壤养分元素含量定量预测。对黑土土壤航空高光谱数据进行处理,应用偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）和BP神经网络方法分别建立土壤养分元素含量的高光谱定量反演模型,结果表明：全氮PLSR和BP神经网络预测模型的RPIQ值（样本观测值第三和第一四分位数之差与均方根误差的比值）分别为2.42和2.80;有效磷PLSR和BP神经网络模预测型的RPIQ值分别为0.83和1.67;速效钾PLSR和BP神经网络模型的RPIQ值分别为2.00和2.33。试验证明土壤全氮和速效钾的光谱定量预测模型具备较好的精度和预测能力。但有效磷的预测效果不是特别理想,仅可达到近似定量预测的要求;BP神经网络建模相比偏最小二乘建模有更好的精度和预测能力,预测精度分别提高6.5%、10.1%和6.6%。 相似文献
4.
土壤有机质可见光-近红外光谱预测样本优化选择 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土壤有机质可见光-近红外光谱预测中建模样本的优化选择对提高有机质模型估算精度具有重要作用。本文以湟水流域土壤有机质为例,采用基于土壤单一属性信息考虑的建模样本选择方法:浓度梯度法、Kennard-Stone(KS)方法,以及基于土壤多种信息考虑的建模样本选择方法:Rank-KS(RKS)法、土壤类型结合浓度梯度法以及土壤类型结合KS法。通过偏最小二乘回归建模,探索可见光–近红外光谱预测青海湟水流域有机质的最优样本集。结果表明:不同级别样本数的最佳建模样本选择方法不同,整体表现为基于土壤多种信息挑选的建模样本集的模型精度相比土壤单一信息均较高,特别是KS方法结合土壤类型后的建模样本集模型精度明显提高且在样本数较少时更为明显。土壤类型可以优化建模样本选择方法提高模型预测精度。在保证固定验证样本模型预测精度的情况下,土壤类型参与建模样本的选择可以有效减少建模样本数,进而降低了建模成本。 相似文献
5.
土壤养分空间分布是土壤质量监测与可持续管理的关键信息。在大面积高寒山区,土壤调查样本较为稀疏,准确地预测土壤养分的空间变异并建立合理的管理分区,具有重要科学意义。本文基于青海省土系调查的205个土壤剖面数据,利用随机森林模型结合环境因素变量(地形、气候、植被、遥感数据), 分别建立了表层(0-20cm)土壤全氮(TN)、全钾(TK)、全磷(TP)与之间的定量关系,对青海省土壤养分含量的空间分布进行了预测；在此基础上,结合全国土壤养分的分级标准,利用投影寻踪法,生成了土壤养分的管理分区。留一交叉验证结果显示,全氮(TN)、全钾(TK)、全磷(TP)空间预测的R2分别是0.89、0.85、0.82,可解释土壤养分空间变异的80%以上,表明随机森林模型和环境因素变量结合可以在稀疏样本条件下有效地预测大面积高寒山区土壤养分空间变异。青海省土壤养分呈现东高西低的分布模式,土壤综合养分高等级 出现在南部的玉树、果洛、黄南和东部的湟水谷地地区；低等级主要分布在柴达木盆地、可可西里、海南州中南部；全省土壤综合养分分级均在中上等级以上 ,占全省面积是81%。分析发现,植被是影响青海省表层土壤养分全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)空间分布的主要环境因素,其中年降水、地表温度是影响青海省表层土壤全氮(TN)空间模式的重要因素；地表覆被、海拔和地表温度等环境因子对表层土壤全磷(TP)的空间变异占主导作用；年降水、昼夜温差是影响表层土壤全钾(TK)的空间模式的重要因素。 相似文献
6.
北京典型耕作土壤养分的近红外光谱分析 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
为研究土壤养分含量分布信息,以从北京郊区一块试验田采集的72个土壤样品为试验材料,应用傅里叶变换近红外光谱技术分析了土样的全氮、全钾、有机质养分含量和pH值。采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)对光谱数据与土壤养分实测值进行回归分析,建立预测模型,以模型决定系数(R2)、校正标准差(RMSECV)、预测标准差(RMSEP)和相对分析误差(RPD)作为模型精度的评价指标。结果表明,利用该模型与光谱数据对土壤全氮、全钾、有机质养分含量和pH值进行预测,结果与实测数据具有较好的一致性,最高决定系数R2达到0.9544。偏最小二乘回归方法建立的养分预测模型能准确地对北京地区褐土土质全氮、有机质、全钾和pH值4种养分进行预测。 相似文献
7.
基于多源辅助变量和随机森林模型的表层土壤全氮分布预测 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
土壤全氮与土壤质量和肥力密切相关,准确掌握土壤全氮的空间分布特征对精准农业管理措施的实施具有重要意义。以寻乌县为研究区域,利用随机森林(RF)和随机森林残差克里格(RFRK)方法,结合地形因子、地理坐标、遥感因子、气候因子、距离因子和土壤理化因子等多源辅助变量,对寻乌县表层土壤全氮的空间分布进行预测和制图,并在迭代100次模型后对比了两种模型的预测精度。结果表明,在选择的4种模型精度指标中,RF模型的决定系数均值(R~2=0.629 1)和一致性相关系数均值(CCC=0.7613)均高于RFRK模型(R~2=0.5719,CCC=0.6881),而RF模型的平均相对误差均值(MAE=0.157 0 g·kg-1)和均方根误差均值(RMSE=0.210 8 g·kg-1)均小于RFRK模型(MAE=0.168 2 g·kg-1,RMSE=0.226 7 g·kg-1)。将残差作为误差项加入RF模型并未提高其预测精度,因此,RF模型可以作为土壤属性预测的一种有效方法,为农业管理措施的实施提供技术支撑。 相似文献
8.
应用近红外光谱分析技术对比研究基于土壤风干样本和鲜样来预测全氮含量的可行性。选取水稻土为研究对象,首先分析了不同水分土壤的光谱特征,显示随水分含量增加,吸光度升高,且鲜样的吸光度高于干样。通过比较不同预处理方法,对土壤干鲜样分别采用逐步多元回归(SMLR)和偏最小二乘法(PLSR)建立了相应的近红外模型。结果表明,利用近红外光谱均可预测干鲜土壤样本的全氮含量,特别是利用偏最小二乘法建立的标定模型,预测精度高,反演性较好,鲜样和干样外部验证决定系数分别达到0.89和0.91,相对误差仅为6.92%和5.92%,研究结果可以为田间土壤全氮含量的估测提供技术依据和参考。 相似文献
9.
高光谱估算土壤有机质含量的波长变量筛选方法 总被引：22，自引：11，他引：11
土壤高光谱数据量大、波段维数高,存在光谱信息无效、冗余和重叠现象,导致基于全波段构建的土壤有机质含量反演模型不稳定、精度难以提升。因此,探寻筛选关键波长变量的方法,通过滤除干扰、冗余、共线信息,提高模型预测性能,是目前土壤高光谱研究的热点之一。该文对江汉平原公安县的土壤样本进行室内理化分析、光谱测量与处理等工作获取了实证数据,采用无信息变量消除法(uninformative variables elimination,UVE)剔除无效变量,利用竞争性自适应重加权算法(competitive adaptive reweighted sampling,CARS)滤除冗余变量,运用连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm,SPA)消除共线变量,并尝试将不同类型的筛选方法进行耦合筛选关键波长变量,应用偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)分别建立土壤有机质含量估算模型,对比各种变量筛选方法的优缺点,最终,构建筛选土壤高光谱数据关键变量的方法体系。研究结果表明,除SPA方法的模型精度低于全波段外,其他6种变量筛选方法的建模效果均优于全波段;在3种单个变量筛选方法中,CARS方法优于UVE、SPA变量筛选方法,能有效地筛选出重要波长变量,其预测集相对分析误差RPD值为2.84;综合比较各种变量筛选方法,发现CARS-SPA方法从全波段2 001个波长中筛选出37个特征波长建立的土壤有机质含量的PLSR模型效果最好,其模型预测集的决定系数R2和相对分析误差RPD值分别为0.92、3.60,所选波段仅为全波段的1.85%。CARS-SPA-PLSR模型简单、预测效果好,可作为该区域土壤有机质含量估测的重要方法,对今后土壤近地传感器设备的开发具有一定的指导作用。 相似文献
10.
应用土壤-景观定量模型预测土壤属性空间分布及制图 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
以土壤-景观定量模型为基础的土壤制图方法在世界范围内得到了广泛研究。本文在皖南宣城的丘陵地带内选择研究区,从该区的数字高程模型(DEM)中获取景观信息:地形因子,定量地分析了土壤属性与地形因子之间的相关关系,并建立基于该关系的线性土壤-景观定量模型,最后应用该模型来预测土壤属性在空间上的分布并制图。结果表明:土体厚度和表层有机质含量与地形因子之间有着显著相关性;建立的线性回归模型分别能解释土体厚度、表层有机质含量空间变异的32.2%和35.3%;依据该模型预测的土体厚度和表层有机质含量具有较高的准确度,并能制图表达土壤属性在空间上的自然连续性。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
19.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
20.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献