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采用不同衡量指标及数学模型估测3—6周岭雌性肉仔鸡赖氨酸需求参数的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验采用2种数学模型估测了3－6周龄雌性肉仔鸡不同衡量指标下的赖氨酸需要量。基础日粮由玉米、豆粕、花生粕、玉米蛋白粉等组成，含代谢能（MEn)12.73MJ/kg，粗蛋白18.8%，蛋氨酸0.44%，赖氨酸0.7%。试验日粮赖所酸设5个处理水平（0.7%,0.85%,1.0%,1.15%,1.30%）。每处理设6个重复，每重复10只鸡。试验末分别检测生产性能、屠宰性能及生化指标并采用折线模型和指数模型估测满足不同生产目标的赖氨酸需要量。结果表明：赖氨酸水平对3－6周雌性肉仔鸡日增重（ADWG），饲料转化效率（FCR），全净膛率（CYR），胸肌率（BMR），腹脂率（AFR）有显著影响（P＜0.05）。按不同徇指标得出赖氨酸需要量估测值不同，其大小顺序为：满足最大ADWG需要＜满足最大BMR需要＜满足最大CYR需要＜满足最佳FCR需要＜满足最低AFR需要。按折线模型估测，满足ADWG、BMR、CYR、FCR和AFR的总赖氨酸需要量分别为：0.88%，1.01%，0.99%，0.91%，1.05%；按指数模型估测则分别为0.96%,1.15%,1.17%,1.05%,1.33%。 相似文献
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以长×荣二元杂交猪为研究对象 ,通过饲养试验和屠宰试验 ,测定了试验猪 2 0～ 3 5kg、3 5～5 0kg、5 0～ 80kg、80～ 1 0 0kg阶段的生产性能和无脂瘦肉沉积速度 (无脂瘦肉生长指数 )。试验表明 ,试验猪全期日增重平均为 762 g/d ,平均日采食 2 1 5 3 g/d ,饲料报酬 (F/G) 2 .79∶1 ,各生产性能公母间差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;日增重与体重的回归方程为ADG (g/d) =2 93 0 3 1 5 1W -0 1 0 3 4W2 (R2 =0 9988) ;试验猪全期无脂瘦肉生长指数为 2 3 1 5g/d ;体蛋白沉积模型Y(g/d) =72 2 1 1 -1 5 2 75W 0 0 648W2 -0 0 0 0 5W3(R2 =0 95 5 ) ;真可消化赖氨酸需要模型Y (mg/d) =8665 41 -1 83 3W 7 7788W2 -0 0 61 2W3 3 6W0 75,据此模型推算出 2 0～ 5 0kg、5 0～ 80kg和 80～ 1 0 0kg阶段真可消化赖氨酸需要量分别为 9 67、1 3 63和 1 1 61 g/d ,总赖氨酸需要量为 1 1 1 2、1 5 76和 1 3 42 g/d ,真可消化赖氨酸按占风干日粮的百分比表示为 0 61 %、0 5 6%和 0 41 % ,总赖氨酸需要量按占风干日粮的百分比表示为 0 70 %、0 64%和 0 47% ,其他必需氨基酸需要量按NRC(1 998)推荐的理想蛋白模式及各种表示方法间的转换系数进行计算。 相似文献
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日粮蛋氨酸及赖氨酸水平对雌性肉仔鸡胴体组成的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本试验旨在探讨日粮蛋氨酸和赖氨酸水平对 3～ 6周龄艾维茵母鸡胴体组成及脂肪代谢的影响。试验采用 3× 5双因子试验设计 ,蛋氨酸设 3个水平 ( 0 32 % ,0 4 4% ,0 56 % ) ,赖氨酸设 5个水平( 0 7% ,0 85% ,1 0 % ,1 1 5% ,1 30 % ) ,一共形成 1 5个处理组。基础日粮由玉米、豆粕、花生粕、玉米蛋白粉等组成。含代谢能 1 2 73MJ/Kg ,粗蛋白 1 8 8% ,赖氨酸 0 7% ,蛋氨酸 0 32 %。试验末分别检测生产性能 ,屠宰性能及血液生化指标。结果表明 :日粮赖氨酸和蛋氨酸显著影响了肉仔鸡的胴体组成和脂肪代谢 (P <0 0 1 )。赖氨酸和蛋氨酸缺乏或过量 ,血浆尿酸、甘油三脂和极低密度脂蛋白浓度均呈上升趋势。日粮赖氨酸 ( 0 70 % )和蛋氨酸 ( 0 32 % )缺乏显著降低了肉仔鸡的体增重、胸肉率及全净膛率 (P<0 0 5) ,而腹脂沉积偏高。适度提高日粮赖氨酸和蛋氨酸水平可以提高全净膛率 ,胸肌率 ,降低腹脂沉积 ,从而改善胴体品质 相似文献
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《广东饲料》2016,(11)
本研究开展两个试验研究标准回肠可消化(SID)色氨酸:赖氨酸比例对保育猪生长性能的影响。试验日粮设计确保赖氨酸为第二限制性氨基酸。试验一(6~10kg):255头保育猪(PIC 327×1050,起始体重6.3±0.15 kg)随机分成6个处理,每个处理7个重复,每个重复6~7头仔猪,试验期14天,试验日粮SID赖氨酸浓度为1.30%,各处理日粮中SID色氨酸︰SID赖氨酸比例分别为14.7%、16.5%、18.4%、20.3%、22.1%和24.0%。试验二(10~20kg):1088头仔猪(PIC 327×1050,起始体重11.2±1.35公斤)随机分成7个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复24~27头仔猪,试验期21天,试验日粮含30%DDGS、SID赖氨酸浓度为0.97%,各处理日粮中SID色氨酸:SID赖氨酸比例分别为14.5%、16.5%、18.0%、19.5%、21.0%、22.5%和24.5%。试验结果采用具有异方差的广义线性混合模型分析,竞争异方差模型包括折线线性模型(BLL)、折线二次模型(BLQ)和二次多项式模型(QP),采用贝叶斯信息准则筛选各指标的最优估测模型。试验一:提高日粮SID色氨酸︰赖氨酸比例线性提高6~10kg体重仔猪的日增重和饲料转化效率。以日增重为评价指标时二次多项式模型最适用,应用该模型估测试验猪获得最佳日增重的SID色氨酸︰赖氨酸比例为23.9%。以饲料转化效率为评价指标时折线线性模型最适用,应用该模型估测试验猪获得最佳饲料转化效率的SID色氨酸︰赖氨酸比例为20.4%。试验二:提高日粮SID色氨酸︰赖氨酸比例,10~20kg仔猪的日增重和饲料转化效率呈二次方式增加。以日增重为评价指标时二次多项式模型最适用,获得最佳日增重的日粮SID色氨酸:赖氨酸比例21.2%。以饲料转化效率为评价指标时折线线性模型和折线二次模型均适用,二者估测获得最佳饲料转化效率的日粮SID色氨酸:赖氨酸比例分别为16.6%和17.1%。结论:试验一表明6~10kg仔猪日粮SID色氨酸:赖氨酸比例从20.4%到23.9%可分别获得最佳饲料转化效率和日增重;试验二表明10~20kg仔猪日粮SID色氨酸:赖氨酸比例从16.6%到21.2%可分别获得最佳饲料转化效率和日增重。这些结果提示NRC(2012)可能低估了11~20 kg阶段仔猪SID色氨酸:赖氨酸需要比例。 相似文献
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本试验采用2×5试验设计,研究了2个能量蛋白质水平(10.91 MJ/kg和18%,12.12 MJ/kg和20%)和5个赖氨酸水平(0.65%,0.80%,0.95%,1.10%和1.25%)对生长前期北京鸭生产性能的影响.选用560只7日龄雄性北京鸭随机分为10组,每组8个重复,每个重复7只鸭.每组饲喂1种试验日粮,试验期为7～21日龄.结果表明:与低能量低蛋白质日粮相比,高能量高蛋白质日粮显著降低北京鸭日采食量、料重比和赖氨酸日摄入量(P＜0.05);但此2种能量蛋白质水平日粮的料重比、蛋白质和能量的日摄入量无显著差异(P＞0.05).日粮赖氨酸水平对北京鸭日增重、料重比和赖氨酸日摄入量有显著影响(P＜0.05)).本试验采用折线模型估测2种能量蛋白质水平下7～21日龄北京鸭获得最大料重比时赖氨酸的需要量,在高、低能量蛋白质水平条件下,赖氨酸需要量占日粮百分比分别为0.90%、0.80%;占蛋白质百分比分别为4.50%、4.44%.由此得出,当日粮能量蛋白质水平发生改变时,应采用适当的赖氨酸与粗蛋白质比例配制日粮以达到最佳的生产性能. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究1～21日龄雌性肉仔鸡表观回肠可消化色氨酸需要量及饲粮色氨酸水平对肉仔鸡肉品质、抗氧化指标和免疫指标的影响。试验选取480只1日龄雌性商品代肉雏鸡,随机分成5个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复12只鸡。采用含0.170%色氨酸的玉米-豆粕-玉米蛋白粉型基础饲粮,分别在其中添加0、0.021%、0.042%、0.063%和0.084%晶体L-色氨酸,使饲粮色氨酸水平分别为0.170%、0.191%、0.213%、0.234%和0.248%。测定1～21日龄肉仔鸡生产性能、胸肌品质、抗氧化指标、免疫指标和21～25日龄肉仔鸡氨基酸表观消化率和表观回肠消化率。结果表明:饲粮色氨酸水平显著影响1～21日龄肉仔鸡采食量及增重(P<0.05),采食量及增重与饲粮表观回肠可消化色氨酸水平呈现二次曲线关系(P<0.05)。1～21日龄肉仔鸡获得最大增重的饲粮表观回肠可消化色氨酸水平为0.176%,表观回肠可消化色氨酸摄入量为68.15 mg/d。与饲粮色氨酸水平0.170%相比,饲粮色氨酸水平0.213%及0.248%可显著降低肉仔鸡胸肌丙二醛含量、肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶活性和血清谷丙转氨酶活性(P<0.05),饲粮色氨酸水平0.248%可显著提高肉仔鸡屠宰后45 min胸肌pH、肠道总分泌型免疫球蛋白A浓度及血清总免疫球蛋白A浓度(P<0.05)。由此可知,1～21日龄雌性肉仔鸡获得最大增重的表观回肠可消化色氨酸需要量为0.176%(68.15 mg/d)。提高饲粮色氨酸水平可减轻肉仔鸡组织细胞脂质过氧化损伤,降低屠宰后肉仔鸡胸肌酸度,改善肉仔鸡肠道黏膜免疫和体液免疫能力。 相似文献
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为了估测0～3周龄肉用公仔鸡对精氨酸的需要量,作者安排了3个试验。试验鸡饲养在铁丝网地面的笼架式育雏室内,任其自由采食、饮水。试验1的日粮主要成分为:玉米、大豆饼粉、酪蛋白和玉米面筋粉。每公斤饲料中含代谢能3200千卡、粗蛋白20～30%。回归分析证明,日粮蛋白水平达20%时,肉用公仔鸡实现最大生长率和饲料转化率对精氨酸的需要量为1.22%,而当日粮蛋白水平达到23%时,精氨酸含量在1.13～1.43之间,各组仔鸡的生长率和饲料转化效率无明显差异。试验2:基础日粮中含有17.5%酪蛋白,粗蛋白总含量为22.5%,精氨酸含量为1.03～1.43%。回归分析证明:本实验肉用仔鸡实现最大生长率对精氨酸的需要量为1.18%;但精氨酸的含量对饲料转化效率没有明显影响。由于该日粮不便于采食,鸡群的生产性能略有下降。试验3:共分21、22和23%3个蛋白日粮组,均未使用酪蛋白。这3个组实现最大生长率和饲料转化率对精氨酸的需要量为1.24～1.28%。该试验也证明:NRC(1984)提出的肉用仔鸡日粮代谢能为3200千卡/公斤时精氨酸含量为1.44%的建议值偏高。同时也支持了肉用仔鸡的精氨酸需要量为1.25%的观点。 相似文献
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为了研究性别对长白×荣昌(以下简称长×荣)仔猪赖氨酸需要量的影响,试验选用体重约10kg的长×荣杂交猪30头(公母各半),通过饲养试验和屠宰试验测定其生产性能和胴体无脂瘦肉生长指数,结合杨飞云等(2002)20～100kg长×荣生长肥育猪的试验结果,建立胴体无脂瘦肉生长指数与体重的回归方程。根据该方程及无脂瘦肉的蛋白质沉积系数和蛋白质沉积的赖氨酸需要系数,建立不同性别长×荣杂交猪的赖氨酸需要量模型,利用此模型预测10～20kg不同性别长×荣杂交猪的赖氨酸需要量。试验结果显示:根据NRC(1998)生长模型的参数,用胴体分离法建立10～100kg长×荣杂交猪的赖氨酸需要量模型为:公猪真可消化赖氨酸需要量(mg/d)=-0.0531BW3+5.7592BW2-22.522BW+5255.6+36BW0.75,母猪真可消化赖氨酸需要量(mg/d)=-0.0499BW3+5.3233BW2-11.286BW+5123.5+36BW0.75;据此模型计算10～20kg长×荣公猪和母猪的真可消化赖氨酸需要量分别为6.308g/d、6.258g/d,总赖氨酸需要量为7.264g/d、7.197g/d;按占风干日粮百分比表示,公猪和母猪的真可消化赖氨酸需要量分别为0.689%、0.693%,总赖氨酸需要量分别为0.793%、0.797%;用NRC(1998)生长模型胴体分离法估测的10～20kg不同性别长×荣杂交猪的赖氨酸需要量相近,说明性别对长×荣仔猪赖氨酸需要量的影响很小。 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2004,13(4):628-638
Two experiments were conducted with Ross × Ross broiler chicks in battery brooders from 7 to 21 d of age to determine the Arg and Met requirements of young broiler chicks at control (25°C) and warm (35°C) temperatures. In both experiments, 1-d-old broiler chicks were fed a corn and soybean meal based starter diet for 7 d. Six replications (2 replicates in each of 3 rooms per temperature) with 8 chicks each were used for each treatment. In experiment 1, the basal diet was based on corn (34.52%), whey (26.96%), corn gluten meal (16.53%), soybean meal (11.74%), and poultry fat (23% of CP and 3.20 kcal/g of MEn). Six levels of Arg (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5%), supplementing the basal diet containing 0.95% Arg, were the dietary treatments. A broken-line linear model was used to estimate chick Arg requirements. Based on body gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) data, respectively, the Arg requirements of young Ross × Ross broiler chicks raised at 35°C were 1.15 ± 0.03% and 1.13 ± 0.02%, whereas those of chicks at 25°C were 1.26 ± 0.03% and 1.27 ± 0.02%. In experiment 2, the influences of temperature and dietary Arg on the Met requirements of young broiler chicks were investigated. The basal diet was based on corn (53.45%), soybean meal (37.72%), and poultry fat (23% of CP and 3.20 kcal/g of ME). Experiment 2 had a 6 × 2 factorial arrangement, with the basal diet (0.35% Met and 1.52% Arg) supplemented with 6 levels of dietary Met (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, or 0.3%) and 2 levels of dietary Arg (0 and 1.0%). When chicks were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet containing 1.52% Arg, the Met requirements of young Ross × Ross broiler chicks raised at 35°C were 0.43 ± 0.02% and 0.43 ± 0.03%, whereas those of chicks at 25°C was 0.43 ± 0.01% and 0.48 ± 0.03%, based on body gain and FCR data, respectively. When Arg levels were increased to 2.52%, the Met requirement of young Ross × Ross broiler chicks was greater at both temperatures (P < 0.05). The requirements of chicks raised at 35°C were 0.50 ± 0.02% and 0.49 ± 0.02% and at 25°C were 0.59 ± 0.03% and 0.57 ± 0.02%, based on body gain and FCR data, respectively. Temperature and amino acid balance may both affect the amino acid requirements of broilers. 相似文献
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Effects of dietary inclusion of silymarin on performance,intestinal morphology and ileal bacterial count in aflatoxin‐challenged broiler chicks 
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下载免费PDF全文 E. Jahanian A. H. Mahdavi S. Asgary R. Jahanian 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(5):e43-e54
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of silymarin on performance, jejunal morphology and ileal bacterial population in broiler chicks intoxicated with a mix of aflatoxins. A total of three hundred thirty six 7‐day‐old Ross broiler chicks were randomly distributed between seven experimental groups with four replicates of 12 birds each. Experimental treatments consisted of a control group (unchallenged), and a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, including two aflatoxin levels (0.5 and 2 ppm) and three levels of silymarin (0, 500 and 1000 ppm). Birds were challenged with a mix of aflatoxins from 7 to 28 days of age. Results showed that increasing aflatoxin level resulted in decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI) and weight gain (ADWG), consequently impaired feed conversion ratio (FCR) throughout the trial period. Dietary supplementation of silymarin resulted in the marked increases in ADFI and ADWG, and improved FCR values in aflatoxin‐challenged chicks. Ileal bacterial populations at days 28 and 42 of age were increased by incremental levels of aflatoxins. On the other hand, dietary silymarin supplementation suppressed ileal populations of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella and total negative bacteria in aflatoxicated birds. Increase in dietary aflatoxin level resulted in the decreased villi height, villi height‐to‐crypt depth ratio (VH:CD), villi surface area and apparent villi absorptive area, while it increased crypt depth, goblet cell count and lymphoid follicular diameter. Feeding silymarin at the level of 1000 ppm increased villi height and VH:CD in aflatoxicated birds. Present results indicate that dietary inclusion of silymarin could improve performance by suppressing ileal bacteria and enhancing absorptive surface area in aflatoxin‐challenged broiler chicks. 相似文献
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Evaluating the nutritive profile of three insect meals and their effects to replace soya bean in broiler diet 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 S. Khan R. U. Khan W. Alam A. Sultan 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(2):e662-e668
This study was conducted to evaluate the comparative effect of maggot meal, silkworm meal and mealworm as dietary protein source on the production performance and some aspects of meat quality in broilers. In this regard, maggot meal was reared on chicken offal and poultry waste. Silkworm meal was obtained from silk industry, while mealworm was developed through beetles rearing. A total of 120‐day‐old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups where soya bean meal (M0) was replaced with maggot meal (M1), silkworm meal (M2) and mealworm (M3) respectively. Each group was further divided into three replicates. The study was carried out for a period of 5 weeks. Diets containing mealworm significantly reduced overall feed consumption and resulted into higher weight gain (p < .05). Lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded for birds fed with mealworm diet (p < .05). Tenderness and juiciness of meat were higher (p < .05) in M3 compared to the control and other treatments. Mortality did not vary between the control and the treated groups. Therefore, it is concluded that insect meal is rich in essential nutrients and could be successfully used in broiler ration without compromising acceptability. In the light of this study, mealworm is the best choice in broiler ration, in comparison with maggot and silkworm. 相似文献
14.
0～21和22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡可消化蛋氨酸需要量的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验一和试验二分别选用1日龄和22日龄岭南黄鸡各2 000只和1 600只,按性别和体重分成10处理组(公、母鸡各5组),每组4重复栏,每栏50(试验一)和40只鸡(试验二)。2个试验均采用5(饲粮蛋氨酸水平)×2(性别)两因子试验设计,试验一和二分别设0.35%、0.40%、0.45%、0.50%和0.55%以及0.30%、0.35%、0.40%、0.45%和0.50%5个饲粮蛋氨酸水平。结果表明:随着饲粮蛋氨酸水平提高,0～21日龄和22～42日龄公、母鸡每日总蛋氨酸摄入量和真可消化蛋氨酸摄入量呈线性或二次曲线升高(P<0.05);0～21日龄公、母鸡的日增重呈二次曲线升高(P<0.05),0～21日龄和22～42日龄公、母鸡的饲料增重比呈二次曲线降低(P<0.05或0.1)。可见,在基础饲粮中添加适量蛋氨酸改善了黄羽肉鸡的生产性能。根据二次回归模型估测黄羽肉鸡获得最佳生产性能95%处的总蛋氨酸需要量和真可消化蛋氨酸需要量,0~21日龄母鸡为0.433%~0.435%和0.404%~0.406%,公鸡为0.445%~0.454%和0.416%~0.425%,22～42日龄母鸡为0.463%和0.437%,公鸡为0.375%和0.349%。 相似文献
15.
The experiment was carried out to determine the effects of liquid DL‐methionine hydroxy analog‐free acid (LMA) and dry DL‐methionine (DLM) on growth performance, carcass quality and chemical composition of the livers of broiler chicks during 0–6 weeks of age. Four hundred and fifty male commercial broiler chicks (Ross strain) were used. The chicks were divided into three groups, and each group consisted of six replicates of 25 chicks each. The chicks were kept in floor pens, and water and feed were supplied ad libitum throughout the experiment. Three experimental diets were provided as follows: (i) corn–soybean‐based diet deficient in methionine; (ii) methionine‐deficient corn–soybean‐based diet supplemented with DLM to meet the methionine requirements of broiler chicks; and (iii) methionine‐deficient corn–soybean‐based diet supplemented with LMA (1.25‐fold (w/w) the amount of DLM supplied to the second group, given an assumption that 100 units of liquid LMA can be replaced by 80 units DLM to give similar performance results). During the starter period, the weight gains of chicks fed LMA or DLM were significantly greater than those in chicks receiving the methionine‐deficient diet (P < 0.05), and the addition of LMA significantly improved weight gain compared with the addition of DLM. Adding DLM or LMA significantly improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and percentage of uniformity (P < 0.05). No significant differences between the effects of DLM and LMA on these parameters were found. During the grower period (3–6 weeks of age), weight gain, FCR, uniformity and feed intake of chicks that received diet supplemented with DLM or LMA were superior to those of the methionine‐deficient group (P < 0.05). Chicks fed LMA had the same bodyweight gain and uniformity as those fed DLM. However, adding LMA resulted in a significant increase of FCR resulting from excess feed consumption. Outer breast meat yields were significantly improved and abdominal fat was significantly decreased when methionine sources were added (P < 0.05), and adding LMA tended to promote edible meat growth better than did adding DLM. Although no significant effects of methionine sources on the chemical composition of the liver were seen, adding methionine sources tended to increase liver fat content. In conclusion, it seems that the bioefficacy of LMA relative to DLM is not less than 80%. Therefore, chicks fed with diet supplemented with 1.25‐fold (w/w) as much LMA as DLM might exceed requirements for growth performance, while meeting requirements for meat production. Moreover, the relative bioefficacies of LMA and DLM between the starter and grower periods may perhaps be different. 相似文献
16.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2017,26(2):273-285
Considering approaches to efficiently produce broiler chickens, an experiment was conducted to describe the manufacturing and feeding effects of a corn, soybean meal, and wheat based diet with varying levels of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and commercial phytase. Treatments were arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial randomized complete block design varying in phytase (zero, 1,000, and 6,000 FTU/kg) and DDGS inclusion (zero or 5%). Phytase inclusion decreased dietary non-phytate phosphorous (nPP) and total Calcium (Ca) in formulation by 0.12 and 0.1%, respectively. Diets were steam conditioned at 82°C for 10 s, extruded through a 4.7 × 38 mm pellet die, and fed as crumbles (starter and grower) or pellets (finisher). Ten replicate pens of straight-run Hubbard × Cobb 500 chicks consumed one of 6 dietary treatments for 38 days. Phytase improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the starter period (P = 0.05), but benefits were not apparent in the grower or finisher periods. Phytase and formulation main effects interacted to affect overall FCR (P = 0.05), demonstrating a 0.05 decrease in FCR when birds were fed a diet containing a super-dose of phytase and without DDGS relative to diets containing a super-dose of phytase and DDGS. The DDGS likely provided reduced nutrient availability relative to their nutrient values used for diet formulation or provided non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) at a level that decreased bird performance. Based on tibia ash measures, performance improvement associated with the super-dose of phytase was likely associated with reducing phytate phosphorus gastrointestinal irritation rather than meeting bird phosphorus requirement. 相似文献
17.
A 4‐week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of graded levels of dehulled and cooked castor oil bean (Ricinus communis L) meal on the performance of broiler finishers. Castor oil bean seeds were dehulled and detoxified by cooking in two stages at 100 °C for 50 min per cooking. Sixty 6‐week‐old broiler birds (Anak strain) were randomly divided into four groups of 15 birds each. The groups were fed four isocaloric (2.90 Mcal of metabolizable energy/kg) and isonitrogenous (21% crude protein) diets containing 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% dehulled and cooked castor oil bean meal (CBM) for 4 weeks. Results showed that there were significant (p < 0.05) differences among treatments in average daily feed intake, final body weight, average daily weight gain (ADWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Birds fed diets containing 0% and 10% CBM had significantly (p < 0.05) higher feed intake than birds on 15% and 20% CBM diets. The lowest feed intake was recorded at the 20% CBM inclusion level. The highest ADWG was observed in birds fed 0% CBM diet, but this was not significantly (p > 0.05) different from the ADWG of birds on 10% CBM diet. Birds fed diets containing10% and 15% levels of CBM had similar and non‐significant (p > 0.05) ADWG. Birds fed 20% CBM diet had the least (p < 0.05) ADWG. Birds fed 0%, 10% and 15% CBM diets had similar FCR and this was significantly (p < 0.05) lower and better than that of birds on 20% CBM diet. The least (p < 0.05) PER was observed in birds fed 20% CBM diet. Birds fed 20% CBM diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher packed cell volume (PCV) than birds on 10% and 15% CBM diets. Birds fed 0%, 10% and 15% CBM diets had similar (p > 0.05) PCV values. Birds fed diets containing 0%, 10% and 15% levels of CBM had similar and significantly (p < 0.05) lower heamoglobin than birds fed 20% CBM diets. There were also significant (p < 0.05) differences among treatments in dry matter (DM), nitrogen, ether extract (EE) and nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) retention. Birds fed 0% CBM diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher retention of DM, nitrogen and NFE than birds on 10%, 15% and 20% CBM diets. Birds fed 10% CBM diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher DM, nitrogen and NFE retention than birds on 15% and 20% CBM diets. The lowest retention of DM, nitrogen and NFE was recorded at the 20% CBM inclusion level. Birds fed 0% CBM diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher EE retention than birds on 15% and 20% CBM diets. The lowest EE retention was observed at the 20% CBM inclusion level. The results of the study indicate that up to 10% dehulled and cooked CBM can be included in broiler finisher rations for optimum performance. 相似文献
18.
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional quality of 2 varieties of Purdue high-digestible sorghum (PHD1 and PHD2) and a normal sorghum, compared with corn, in diets of pigs and broiler chicks. In Exp. 1, 12 pigs (average BW, 55 kg) fitted with ileal T-cannula were fed 4 diets containing 946 g of corn or sorghum (PHD1, PHD2, and normal) per kg in a 2-period crossover design (i.e., each pig received 2 diets over a 2-wk period with 6 pigs per dietary treatment) to determine apparent ileal or total tract digestibility of nutrients and energy. There was no difference in the ileal or total tract digestibility of DM, energy, P, Ca, or N among dietary treatments. In Exp. 2, a total of 192 broiler chicks were grouped by weight into 8 blocks of 4 cages each with 6 chicks per cage, and cages were assigned randomly to 1 of the 4 dietary treatments within each block. Chicks were fed corn-soybean meal (SBM) or sorghum-SBM diets for 21 d to determine apparent total tract retention and then switched to diets containing 935 g of the corresponding corn or 1 of the 3 sorghum varieties per kg for 7 d to determine apparent ileal digestibility and total tract retention. Apparent ileal digestibilities of DM and P, as well as energy, were not different in chicks fed diets containing 935 g of corn or 1 of the 3 sorghum varieties per kg. However, apparent total tract retention of DM, energy, and N in chicks fed corn was greater (P < 0.05) than those fed 1 of the 3 sorghum varieties. Although the apparent ME content of corn was greater than PHD1 and normal sorghum (P < 0.01), it was not different from PHD2 sorghum. There was no difference in apparent total tract retention of DM between chicks fed the corn-SBM and PHD-SBM diets, but it was greater (P < 0.05) in chicks fed the corn-SBM diet than those fed the normal sorghum-SBM diet. Apparent total tract retention of N in chicks fed the PHD1-SBM diet was lower (P < 0.05) than in those fed the corn-SBM diet but greater (P < 0.05) than in chicks fed the normal sorghum-SBM meal diet. No difference in the apparent ME content between the corn-SBM and PHD2-SBM diets was observed, but it was greater (P < 0.05) for the corn-SBM diet than the PHD1- or normal sorghum-SBM diet. Weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency were not different in chicks fed the corn-SBM or sorghum-SBM diets. Sorghum could serve as a substitute for corn in cereal grain-SBM diets for pigs and broiler chicks. 相似文献
19.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2009,18(2):292-296
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different protein meals, with or without enzyme supplementation, on the performance of broilers. A diet based on a combination of protein meals (15% soybean meal, and 5% each of sunflower meal, canola meal, rapeseed meal, and cottonseed meal) was compared with 4 other diets containing 15% soybean meal and 20% of sunflower meal, canola meal, rapeseed meal, or cottonseed meal. Experimental diets were formulated to contain 2,630 kcal of ME/kg and 0.95% digestible lysine, with all other essential amino acids set to meet or exceed the ideal protein ratios. Each diet was fed with or without supplemental exogenous enzyme (Rovabio Excel at 500 g/metric ton of feed) to 6 replicate pens of 50 chicks from 1 to 35 d posthatch as coarse mash. In the cottonseed meal-based diet, supplemental enzyme resulted in high 35-d feed intake and FCR compared with the cottonseed meal-fed groups with no enzyme. There was a significant (P < 0.05) diet × enzyme interaction for 35-d feed intake and FCR. Birds fed the sunflower meal-based diet had significantly (P < 0.05) higher final BW gain and lower FCR as compared with those fed rapeseed meal- or cottonseed meal-based diets, whereas the BW gain of birds fed the rapeseed meal-based diet was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced compared with birds in all other groups. In conclusion, in low-ME broiler diets formulated on a digestible amino acid basis, up to 20% sunflower meal and canola meal can be safely incorporated into the diet. Supplementation of Rovabio failed to exert any positive effect on production parameters when used with diets containing high levels of each of the common protein meals. 相似文献