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1.
为初步探讨规模化猪场不同饲养阶段固体粪便的实际收集量，该文选择北京一典型规模化猪场，定期对采用干清粪工艺的保育猪、育肥猪、妊娠母猪和分娩母猪的固体粪便日收集系数进行测量和相关成分测定，为估算规模化猪场固体粪便收集量和相关污染负荷提供依据。结果表明：妊娠后期母猪，妊娠前期母猪，分娩母猪、育肥猪和保育猪的固体粪便平均收集系数分别为2.19±1.10， 1.22±0.3， 1.27±0.32， 0.75±0.26 和 （0.47±0.14）kg·d－1·头－1；各饲养阶段的新鲜固体粪便的含水率基本一致，平均含水率为66％；保育猪和育肥猪的粪便挥发性固体平均含量（干基）为81.8%，分娩母猪与妊娠前期和妊娠后期母猪固体粪便挥发性固体平均含量为（干基）74.4%；保育猪与育肥猪的固体粪便有机物和大部分重金属含量比妊娠母猪和分娩母猪高。 相似文献
2.
规模化猪场机械通风水冲粪式栏舍夏季氨日排放特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
选取长三角地区典型机械通风水冲粪模式养猪场,针对不同生长阶段的肥猪栏舍和不同类型的母猪栏舍排放口氨排放进行同时监测(其中,育肥猪按质量分保育(24 kg)、育肥-Ⅰ(24~60 kg)、育肥-Ⅱ(60~120 kg)3个阶段,母猪分为妊娠猪与分娩猪2种类型),估算各栏舍氨排放通量,分析各栏舍氨排放特征,探讨各生长阶段对氨排放贡献。研究结果表明,保育、育肥-Ⅰ、育肥-Ⅱ、妊娠、分娩栏舍氨质量浓度分别为(0.97±0.40)、(3.37±0.70)、(5.45±2.30)、(2.19±1.06)、(1.44±0.48)mg/m3;各栏舍氨排放具有显著的日变化过程,早晨氨排放呈波动增大趋势,午后开始降低,至夜间保持低值排放;小时氨排放速率与温度呈极显著正相关,与湿度呈显著负相关;各生长阶段氨排放存在差异,保育、育肥-Ⅰ、育肥-Ⅱ、妊娠、分娩栏舍日排放速率分别为0.85、6.53、8.20、10.39和13.86 g/(头·d);保育、育肥-Ⅰ和育肥-Ⅱ阶段对肥猪氨排放的贡献率分别为3.64%、26.11%和70.25%,妊娠猪与分娩猪对母猪氨的贡献率分别为75.32%和24.68%,母猪的氨排放速率是肥猪的1.87倍。 相似文献
3.
在北京选择一典型猪场,对不同季节妊娠舍的氨气及氧化亚氮浓度进行了为期1年的试验测定,并根据二氧化碳平衡原理,对猪场不同生长阶段的妊娠猪含氮气体的排放通量进行了估算。结果表明:冬季2004年11月氨气和氧化亚氮的平均浓度分别为(11．64±4．36),(1．17±0．2)mg／m~3,夏季7月舍内氨气和氧化亚氮的平均浓度分别为(3．31±2．67),(0．6±0．02)mg／m~3;妊娠猪饲养期间的氨气排放通量为每头(185．2～500．8)mg／h,氧化亚氮为(3．85～35．93)mg／h。 相似文献
4.
针对规模化肉牛场粪污的收集与处理问题,以干清粪工艺为研究对象,总结归纳了规模化肉牛场粪污收集量的计算公式,并以1万头肉牛养殖场为例计算了粪污的产生和收集量,在此基础上选取了堆肥技术处理牛粪,进行了牛粪堆肥处理工艺设计。结果表明:干清粪工艺下规模化肉牛场粪污收集量可由公式直接算出,粪污收集率系数为0.83。养殖规模为1万头的肉牛养殖场,每天的粪尿收集量为150 t,含水率为82%。日处理210 t原料(牛粪150 t+辅料60 t,含水率60%),可产生含水率35%的堆肥产品93.04 t;堆肥项目主要土建工程占地面积为17 738 m2,采用连续动态好氧堆肥处理工艺和配套设备后,实现了整个系统的自动化运行。 相似文献
5.
用不同的冬季采暖和夏季降温技术可获得不同的环境条件。该文分别就热风炉采暖、湿帘风机系统降温与火炉采暖自然通风降温的分娩舍、保育舍二种猪舍进行了对比试验。结果表明,试验舍的环境条件明显好于对照舍;试验舍哺乳仔猪断奶成活率冬季、夏季分别为96．37％和95．36％,比对照舍分别提高4．28和6．97％;冬季试验舍保育猪的平均育成率为98．09％,日增重0．409kg／(d·头),分别较对照舍提高5．27％和30．67％,料肉比为1．472:1,下降13．25％,而夏季湿帘风机系统对保育舍猪的生产性能没有明显影响。 相似文献
6.
集约化猪场微生物发酵液体饲料具有猪胃的pH值,抑制猪肠胃有害菌群的繁衍,激活内外源酶的作用,促进猪对饲料的消化和营养吸收能力。液体饲料自动饲喂系统在双MCS-80C31的控制下,根据饲料原料的各种营养成分和猪生长对其需要量,自动计算、采集饲料原料将其送人计量混合罐内,并在其中完成可控的精量均匀混合、发酵过程,MCS- 80C31根据不同猪群组的饲喂曲线,自动计算、投喂育肥猪需要饲喂的液体饲料重量。试验表明:液体饲料饲喂育肥猪能使育肥猪群的平均饲料转化率比干配合饲料饲喂改善6．77％,育肥猪群的平均日增重提高9．33％,效果显著。 相似文献
7.
江苏省太湖地区畜禽业产排污测算 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以太湖地区水环境保护为出发点,根据对江苏省太湖地区典型规模化养猪场不同饲养阶段生猪(妊娠母猪、育肥猪和保育猪)的产污监测试验,测算了3种猪粪尿污染物的含量和产污系数,并采用排泄系数法和等标污染负荷法估算了2011年江苏省太湖地区畜禽粪便污染物排放量和水环境等标污染指数,并对污染物和污染来源进行了分析。结果表明,2011年江苏省太湖地区畜禽养殖业总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(COD)的排放总量为2.19×105 t,常州市、苏州市、无锡市的水环境等标污染指数分别为11.54,5.70和6.10,各地区对水体的污染程度存在差异。畜禽养殖业最主要的污染物来源是家禽和猪,其等标污染负荷比分别达到49.52%和44.47%,最主要的污染物是TP,其等标污染负荷比达到67.87%,P素污染应该引起重视。 相似文献
8.
畜禽养殖业产污系数与排污系数是畜牧环境研究和粪便处理工程设计的基础指标,但由于中国畜牧业环境工作起步晚,还没有根据中国畜牧业生产特性确定的产污系数和排污系数。该文根据中国畜禽养殖业的特点,提出了畜禽养殖业产污系数和排污系数的定义、计算方法,并结合典型猪场进行了案例分析。对于北京市某养猪场进行分析,结果表明：该猪场保育、育肥和妊娠母猪3个阶段的COD产污系数分别为每头252.8、479.6、493.4 g/d,全氮分别为每头20.4、33.2、43.7 g/d,全磷分别为每头3.48、6.06、9.93 g/d,在该猪场废弃物处理系统的运行情况下,计算得出了该场保育、育肥和妊娠母猪3个阶段的COD排污系数分别为每头44.9、64.1、22.5 g/d,全氮分别为每头14.1、20.9、36.3 g/d和全磷分别为每头1.0、1.8、0.4 g/d。研究结果为畜禽养殖业污染源普查、废弃物处理工程运行和畜禽养殖业环境影响评价提供了参考。 相似文献
9.
《农业工程学报》2018,(Z1)
为探究规模化养殖模式下不同饲喂器饮水器配置对育肥猪生产性能和节水的影响,试验比较了使用试验组饲喂器饮水器配置(带分隔条的不锈钢干湿料饲喂器,每组60头猪,提供4个采食位、2个杯式饮水器作为补充饮水器)和对照组饲喂器饮水器配置(商业猪场常用的饲喂器饮水器配置,不带分隔条的塑料斗干湿料饲喂器,每组60头猪,提供8～12个采食位、6个杯式饮水器作为补充饮水器)饲养育肥猪的生产性能和节水效果,每组各4个重复。结果表明,试验组和对照组育肥猪的日均耗料质量、日均体增质量和料质量体增质量比均没有显著性差异(P0.05)。试验组补充饮水器不供水而对照组补充饮水器均供水时,每头猪日均总耗水量分别为(8.62±2.21)、(22.89±3.55)L,差异极显著(P0.01);试验组与对照组补充饮水器均供水时,每头猪日均总耗水量分别为(24.03±3.11)、(28.66±4.92)L,差异不显著(P0.05)。在不考虑动物福利的条件下,试验组补充饮水器未供水时,饲喂器中饮水器的供水量可满足60头体质量为50.7～71.8kg的育肥猪的生理需求量。 相似文献
10.
为完善生猪养殖氮排泄参数体系,准确计算生猪养殖粪尿氮排泄量,本研究通过对生猪养殖全生产周期(繁殖—断奶—生长—育肥)持续开展285d的全收粪尿法代谢试验,每天记录采食量、粪尿产生量,采集样品测定水分和氮含量,系统性获取了能繁母猪空怀期、妊娠前期、妊娠中期、妊娠后期和哺乳期,以及生长肉猪保育期、生长前期、生长后期和育肥期氮的摄入与排泄参数,并结合生猪生产性能参数计算生猪氮年排泄系数。并基于中国各省生猪养殖统计数据和耕地面积,核算2000—2018年生猪养殖粪尿氮产生量变化及区域分布情况。结果表明:生猪不同生长生理阶段氮摄入量和排泄量差异显著,其中空怀期母猪为72.32 g·d~(–1)和49.42 g·d~(–1),妊娠前期为55.79 g·d~(–1)和45.36 g·d~(–1),妊娠中期为56.25 g·d~(–1)和22.27 g·d~(–1),妊娠后期为72.41 g·d~(–1)和26.36g·d~(–1),泌乳期为114.28g·d~(–1)和38.84g·d~(–1),商品猪保育期为22.86g·d~(–1)和10.96g·d~(–1),生长前期为34.87 g·d~(–1)和18.34g·d~(–1),生长后期为54.67 g·d~(–1)和34.50 g·d~(–1),肥育期为55.15g·d~(–1)和35.79 g·d~(–1)。而且各阶段尿氮排泄量都比粪氮高。商品肉猪和能繁母猪年排泄系数分别为9.00kg·头~(–1)·a~(–1)和11.75kg·头~(–1)·a~(–1)。2000—2018年,我国生猪养殖粪尿氮排泄总量呈先增后缓慢下降的趋势,而单位猪肉产品氮排泄量逐年下降,商品肉猪氮排泄量占生猪养殖粪尿氮排泄总量比重达84.03%。四川、河南、湖南、山东是我国生猪养殖氮排泄总量最大的4个省,占全国生猪养殖氮排泄总量的33.67%;而单位耕地面积生猪养殖氮承载负荷最大的省份是福建、广东、湖南、北京、上海。因此,在生猪生产中应根据群体结构和相应的氮排泄系数科学核算其氮排放量,在产业发展规划时要充分考虑环境承载力。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
15.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
16.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
17.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
18.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
19.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
20.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献