共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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(1) 有无稻种说明书或品种简介种植茬口、适宜种植地域，全生育期，分蘖指标。无说明书及品种简介最好不要购买。
(2) 看包装一般由县以上专业种子公司 (站 )所经销的种子，在外包装上都比较规范讲究。如袋装数量、产地及联系电话号码标示明确。包装数量规格系列化，一般分为 50kg、 25kg、 10kg、 5kg、 2.5kg、 1kg。
(3) 种子合格证稻种检验合格证，一般标示有检验日期，检验员编号，专用印章等，无检验合格证，均为伪劣种。
(4) 查种子纯度稻种的纯度是衡量稻种质量最重要的一项指标，优质稻种一般纯度都保持在 98％～ 99.5％范围内。
(5) 干净度优质稻种都经过多道工序清选，杂质含量控制在 1.5％～ 2.5％之间。含杂质超过 5％，则为劣质种子。
(6) 查含水量优质稻种含水量在 11％～ 13.5％以内。取 1粒稻种用牙齿咬声音“嘣嘣”响而清脆，断面茬口光滑，为优质种。
(7) 观颜色，闻气味优质稻种从外表看为黄色、鲜净，近距离闻，具有稻谷特有的清香气味，无其它异味。
(8) 观察种胚优质稻种外观平滑光泽，种胚饱满充实，用手搓捻时，种胚有湿润感，并带绿色，劣质稻种种胚颜色较暗，显干瘪。
(9) 发芽率优质稻种发芽率高，一般在 95％以上，发芽率低于 80％为劣质种。
(10)观察病变稻种外壳呈黑褐色或有不规则的麻斑点及块状，属病害种。如感染有稻瘟病的种子表面有黑褐色斑块，而种粒外表无症状。购稻种时一定要详细询问、仔细查看，以防上当受骗。 (王吉祥 ) 相似文献
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针对我国玉米种子人工分选效率低、错分率高、缺少自动检测分选装置等问题,设计了一种玉米种子实时检测分选装置。该装置由进料单元、检测单元、分选单元和控制系统组成。下位机采用MSP430,与上位机实时通信,并控制分选执行机构,上位机采用Matlab 2014b软件对玉米种子图像进行实时处理,并输出识别结果。为了便于采集玉米种子图像,设计了种子分离机构。根据霉变玉米种子与正常玉米种子表面颜色的差异,设计了一种基于HSV颜色空间划分的玉米种子识别算法,并提出了一种玉米种子排序策略,实现了玉米种子的精确分选。该装置对单幅图像的采集和处理时间约为0.7 s,分选速率最高为680粒/min,霉变玉米种子识别准确率为100%,裝置总体分选准确率不低于94%。该装置实现了从玉米种子进料到分选的全自动化,能够对霉变玉米种子进行实时检测和分选。 相似文献
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基于太赫兹衰减全反射技术的花生霉变程度判别 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了能够可靠、快速、便捷地检测花生仁不同程度的霉变,研究了一种基于太赫兹时域光谱技术、分别结合误差反向传播(Back propagation,BP)神经网络算法与支持向量机算法(Support vector machine,SVM)的霉变花生定性分析方法。为排除不同样本带来的偶然性,实验随机采集花育36号、鲁花9号两个花生品种进行霉变培养。依据花生的感官特征与前人的研究经验,将花生分为正常、轻度霉变、中度霉变与严重霉变4类,采用太赫兹衰减全反射技术采集花生仁样本光谱(波段0. 3～3. 6 THz)。利用傅里叶变换方法对时域光谱信号进行频域变换并进行加窗处理,然后对所得频域信号进行光学常数吸光度与吸收系数的提取,得到样本的光学常数信号,并进行特征波段筛选。在此基础上分别建立BP神经网络定性分析模型与SVM定性分析模型。实验表明,BP神经网络模型对花育36号花生霉变模型的预测集识别正确率为88. 57%,对鲁花9号花生霉变模型的预测集识别正确率为91. 40%;Lib-SVM模型对两个品种花生霉变的二分类模型、3类霉变花生的三分类模型的预测集识别正确率均为100%。应用太赫兹时域光谱技术结合SVM算法检测霉变花生仁效果良好,具有一定的可行性。 相似文献
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玉米定向精播种粒形态与品质动态检测方法 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为满足玉米定向精播对种子外形和品质的要求,设计了一种玉米种子精选装置,并研究了玉米种粒动态检测算法。经过脱粒并筛除杂质的种粒投入玉米种子精选装置,分两列两层传输,完成玉米种粒的动态检测。通过计算种子胚根尖端的方向,排除了种粒的重复检测现象;以人工选取的100粒标准种粒外形参数为基础建立合格种粒特征参数库,实现对种粒外形的检测;依据合格种粒和重度霉变种粒表皮亮度差异较大的特点,基于图像饱和度分量对重度霉变种粒加以检测;依据轻度霉变种粒表皮呈现块斑的特点,利用种粒的R、G、B颜色平均值检测轻度黑色霉变;以种粒黄色区域补洞后对应原种粒(B-R)的值,判断种粒的轻度白色霉变和轻度破损;对于外形和霉变检测合格的种粒,通过分析种粒区域中白色区域的大小,进行玉米种粒胚芽朝向的判断,为后续种粒定向包装和定向播种提供了依据。对280粒各品种玉米种子进行实时检测,每粒种子的平均检测时间约为14 ms,重复种粒判断准确率为95%,种粒合格性检测准确率为96.1%,胚芽朝向判断准确率为97.1%。 相似文献
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花生是重要的油料作物,且富含蛋白质和维生素,具有很高的食用价值。黄曲霉和寄生曲霉能引起花生的霉变,产生强致癌物质黄曲霉素,对人类健康产生严重的威胁。通过对霉变程度的检测,可以为霉变花生的清选提供条件,极大地提高花生食用的安全性。为此,基于计算机视觉技术,用相机拍摄花生的图像,采用维纳滤波处理去除噪音,用B分量进行图像分割后获得目标区域图像。选用H颜色分量作为反映花生霉变程度的特征参数,根据设定的阈值评判霉变等级。该方法对花生霉变程度检测的准确率超过93%,处理单张图像耗时1 s,可以满足实时检测的要求,为花生的在线分选提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献