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木质纤维纸基吸附材料及其重金属离子吸附性能 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以杨木化学机械浆为原料,通过抄纸和一步涂布工艺,获得了高湿强度、高金属离子吸附性能和易于分离回收的木质纤维纸基吸附材料;选用马来酸酐和次磷酸钠作为绿色改性剂提高纸基吸附材料的湿强度和羧基含量。研究表明,增加马来酸酐浓度同时提高了木质纤维间的交联程度和羧基含量,进而增加了纸基材料的湿强度和金属离子吸附位点数量。其中纸基吸附材料的湿强度可达到其干强度的35%,羧基含量可达到0.69 mmol/g。随着马来酸酐溶液浓度的增加,纸基吸附材料的羧基含量及对重金属离子吸附性能也显著提高。吸附试验表明,吸附动力学和热力学分别很好地拟合了准二级方程和Langmuir模型(决定系数R^2≥0.998),对Cu^2+和Pb^2+的理论最大吸附容量分别为35.4和110.0 mg/g。基于造纸加填工艺在纸基吸附材料中负载20%多孔沸石填料以提高吸附容量并降低生产成本,其对Cu^2+和Pb^2+的理论最大吸附容量分别提高到56.5和126.6 mg/g。该多功能纸基吸附材料在克服传统吸附材料吸附剂不易分离、回收利用等问题的同时,具备了大规模生产的潜力,为木质纤维的全质化和高值化利用提供了新的思路和方法。 相似文献
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《林产化学与工业》2017,(6)
我国具有丰富的木质纤维生物质资源,半纤维素作为可再生木质纤维生物质资源的重要组成之一,具有极大的综合利用潜力。文章综述了近年来木质纤维生物质半纤维素基功能材料包括半纤维素膜、水凝胶、吸附材料、医用材料和催化剂载体的研究进展,并对其未来应用前景进行了展望。半纤维素膜可以作为包装材料和食品包覆膜,但要解决其强度和韧性低的问题;半纤维素水凝胶可以采用物理和化学交联的方法制备,在医药和环境等领域具有较好的应用前景,但要解决化学交联水凝胶生物相容性不好及物理交联水凝胶强度不够等问题;此外,半纤维素还可以作为吸附材料用于废水和空气净化,作为医用材料用于药物缓释和抗菌,作为催化剂载体用于化学合成,将来还有望在光电材料、组织工程材料等领域得到应用。 相似文献
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磁性木材和磁性木质纤维的制备及应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
磁性木材和磁性木质纤维制品是具有广泛用途和诱人开发前景的新型功能材料。笔者介绍了磁性木材和磁性木质纤维的制备方法及其特点,阐述了磁性木材和磁性木质纤维制品的应用领域。 相似文献
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指出了中国硅藻土储量丰富,居世界第二位。其特有的物理和化学性质,作为一种新型的吸附材料近年来在工业生产中已经得到广泛的应用。在简述硅藻土化学成分、表面特性的基础上,综述了目前国内外不同改性硅藻土对重金属离子吸附的研究进展,并展望了廉价废弃物硅藻土的应用前景。 相似文献
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针对当前氧化石墨烯材料存在的吸附后固液分离困难的问题,采用化学接枝法制备了一种新型的氧化石墨烯/羟甲基脲复合材料(UF-GO),并用于水中重金属离子的去除。探讨了pH、时间及初始浓度对重金属离子去除能力的影响。结果表明:UF-GO复合材料保持了GO对重金属离子优异的吸附能力,吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温式,室温下对Cu2+、Ni2+的饱和吸附容量分别为96.9、94.1 mg·g-1。在循环利用8次后,UF-GO复合材料对Cu2+、Ni2+两种离子的吸附容量仍保持有初次吸附容量的60、58%,表明UF-GO复合材料的回用性能较好,且能稳定存在。与GO相比,UF-GO复合材料吸附后的固液分离更加方便,有望成为一种具有较好应用前景的吸附材料。 相似文献
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Summary The abilities of 15 coniferous barks for removing toxic heavy metal ions were investigated. The barks considerably varied in the adsorption ability to each metal ion. Of the barks tested, high adsorption ability for heavy metal ions was found inPicea abies (Norway spruce). Equilibrium experiments usingP. jezoensis (Yezo spruce) bark showed that the adsorption of Cd2+ was greatly affected by the pH of solution and the initial Cd2+ concentration in solution. The adsorption of Cd2+ byP. jezoensis bark followed Freundlich isotherm in the concentration range 10–330 mg Cd2+/L. The continuous column experiments usingP. jezoensis bark indicated that the packing had retained 10.1–14.2 mg Cd2+/g adsorbent until the column broke through. 相似文献
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P. Srinivasa Rao K. V. N. Suresh Reddy S. Kalyani A. Krishnaiah 《Wood Science and Technology》2007,41(5):427-442
This study investigates the potential use of neem (Azadirachta indica) sawdust treated with hydrochloric acid for the removal of copper (II) and nickel (II) ions from wastewater. The effects
of different system variables, viz, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, pH and contact time were studied. The
results showed that as the amount of the adsorbent was increased, the percentage of metal ion removal increased accordingly.
Optimum pH value for metal adsorption is determined as 5.0 for Cu (II) and 4.0 for Ni (II) ions. Maximum metal is sequestered
in 150 min for Cu (II) and 180 min for Ni (II) after the beginning of every experiment. Similar experiments were carried out
with acid treated sawdust to compare the results. The adsorption of metal ions followed a first order rate equation. Both
Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models are suitable for describing the sorption of Cu (II) and Ni (II) on the two forms
of sawdust. Furthermore, the natural organic matter (neem sawdust) is characterized by FTIR spectra and surface area analysis.
At optimal conditions the maximum adsorption capacity is found to be 48.3 and 286 mg/g for Cu (II) and 31.5 and 74.1 mg/g
for Ni (II) in natural and acid treated forms, respectively. 相似文献
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的吸附 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以胶原纤维为基质,通过醛交联剂将杨梅单宁固化在胶原纤维上,制备固化杨梅单宁(IMT)吸附材料.研究该吸附材料对Pb2+、Cd2+ 和Hg2+的吸附性能.实验表明该吸附材料对这3种金属离子的吸附容量大小顺序为Hg2+>Pb2+ >Cd2+.吸附容量与pH值有关,pH值7时,对Hg2+的吸附容量最大;pH值3时,对Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附容量最大.在上述pH值条件下,当吸附剂用量为0.1 g,金属离子初始浓度为200 mg/L、体积为100 mL时,IMT对Hg2+、Pb2+、Cd2+的平衡吸附容量分别为198、87和24 mg/g.通过研究温度对吸附平衡的影响以及吸附动力学,发现IMT对Hg2+的吸附主要为化学吸附,对Pb2+的吸附可能包含物理吸附和化学吸附,对Cd2+的吸附以物理吸附为主,这与金属离子在水溶液中的状态有关.当水体中同时存在Hg2+和Pb2+时,IMT对每种金属离子的平衡吸附容量几乎不受其它金属离子的影响,即可以用于同时吸附除去这些金属离子. 相似文献
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土壤/沉积物中的铁、锰和铝的(氢)氧化物对磷和重金属的吸附解吸,在极大程度上控制着这些元素在土壤/沉积物和水体中的浓度、形态和迁移转化,关系到人类健康。本文列举了磷和重金属的环境效应,以铁、锰和铝的(氢)氧化物为例,阐述了土壤/沉积物中氧化物的组成、氧化物吸附磷和重金属的3种机制(内层络合、外层络合和存留于扩散团间)与吸附模型(等温吸附的经验和半经验方程与表面络合模型),分析了氧化物对磷和重金属行为调控的影响因素,指出氧化物间可能存在的竞争或协同吸附现象。认为当前结合各种现代测试技术在原子或分子水平上认识氧化物-水界面的吸附反应本质以及多晶型或不同氧化物共同参与下的多界面复杂反应过程意义重大。 相似文献
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Pine (Pinus densiflora) bark was chemically modified by grafting with acrylonitrile (AN) through Fenton reaction and conversion of the cyano group
to an amidoxime group by reaction with hydroxylamine. Treatments of pine bark with 160 mM H2O2 at 40°C yielded ~70% grafting in 6-h reaction. After alkali hydrolysis of amidoximated pine bark (AOPB), its adsorption capacity
(q
e) for copper ions was largely increased from 0.5 to 1.8 mmol/g. Adsorption of the hydrolyzed AOPB (HAOPB) followed the pseudo-second-order
kinetic model. Among the metal ions tested, the order of adsorption capacity (q
e) predicted by the kinetic model at equilibrium time was Hg2+ > UO2
2+ > Cd2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+. The adsorption process was pH-dependent, and the adsorption equilibrium was observed in the pH range of 6–7 for all the
metal ions. Even though pine bark is a good adsorbent for Hg2+ and UO2
2+ ions, it had a poor affinity for the other ions tested. It was obviously found that HAOPB had very high adsorption abilities
for heavy metal and uranyl ions. 相似文献
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指出了重金属污染已经成为社会热点问题，特别是Cd2＋、Pb2＋的污染，对自然和人类都存在极大危害，因此如何有效快速去除水中的重金属离子是水处理过程中面临的重要问题。综合评述和归纳了黄粉虫中壳聚糖的结构性质、应用前景，介绍了壳聚糖在生产和研究中的一些应用。研究表明：壳聚糖是线性的高分子聚合物，由于游离氨基的存在，其反应活性要比原先的甲壳素强得多，可生成多种衍生物，并且它具有良好的成膜性和吸湿性及较好的鳌合性和吸附性，探讨了其在水处理中重金属的去除等方面的应用，并进一步分析了吸附机理以及交联剂对壳聚糖膜性能的影响。 相似文献
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Magali Geay Véronique Marchetti André Clément Bernard Loubinoux Philippe Gérardin 《Journal of Wood Science》2000,46(4):331-333
New materials containing carboxylate groups have been synthesized by grafting polyacrylic acid onto sawdust. These new adsorbents were subjected to continuous extraction of different metal ions using packed columns to determine their maximum binding capacities. They exhibit binding capacities 15–40 times higher than unmodified sawdusts for removal of Cu2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+ chosen as representative heavy metal ions. Cation desorption and adsorbent regeneration could be effected by elution with a diluted HCl solution; water as an eluent has no effect on metal desorption. 相似文献
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Studies on Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil—Plant System：A Review 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
WangHaiyan SunXiangyang 《中国林学(英文版)》2003,5(1):55-62
Heavy metal pollution in soil-plant system is of major environmental concern on a world scale and in China in particular with the rapid development of industry.The heavy metal pollution status in soil-plant system in China,the research progress on the bioavailability of heavy metals (effecting factors,extraction methods,free-ion activity model,adsorption model,multivariate regression model,Q-I relationship,and compound pollution),and soil remediation are reviewed in paper.Future research and monitoring is also discussed. 相似文献