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1.
中华鲟野生群体及迁地群体的MHCⅠa基因遗传多样性变异研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用特异性引物MHCⅠf和MHCⅠr,分别从30尾野生中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)、30尾中华鲟子一代和30尾中华鲟子二代的基因组DNA中扩增MHCⅠa基因的多肽结合位点(PBR)片段,扩增产物长度为127 bp。中华鲟野生群体30个样品265个有效克隆中共检测出50条特异序列(单倍型),中华鲟子一代群体30个样品的278个有效克隆中共检测出66条特异序列(单倍型),中华鲟子二代群体30个样品的257个克隆中检测出64条特异序列(单倍型)。单倍型Acsi-UAB*0101在3个群体中所占的百分比最高,分别为58.1%、38.8%和60.7%。单倍型分布及群体内遗传多样性参数分析表明,中华鲟子一代群体的MHC基因遗传多样性最丰富,野生中华鲟群体的MHCⅠa基因遗传多样性较低。中华鲟野生群体非同义替代与同义替代比率为1.33,分析表明正向选择可能是中华鲟MHCⅠa多态性的主要因素。该研究结果提供了中华鲟从野生群体到子二代群体MHCⅠa基因的部分遗传信息和遗传变异规律,为中华鲟全人工种群优化和繁殖管理提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Thymocytes are selected to mature according to their ability to interact with self major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-peptide complexes displayed on the thymic stroma. Using two-photon microscopy, we performed real-time analysis of the cellular contacts made by developing thymocytes undergoing positive selection in a three-dimensional thymic organ culture. A large fraction of thymocytes within these cultures were highly motile. MHC recognition was found to increase the duration of thymocyte-stromal cell interactions and occurred as both long-lived cellular associations displaying stable cell-cell contacts and as shorter, highly dynamic contacts. Our results identify the diversity and dynamics of thymocyte interactions during positive selection. 相似文献
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不同蛋白源日粮对绵羊瘤胃氨基酸和肽释放影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择 3只绵羊 ,采用 3× 3拉丁方设计研究不同蛋白源 (豆粕、鱼粉 ,玉米蛋白粉 )日粮对绵羊瘤胃肽和氨基酸释放影响 ,结果表明 :采食后 1h是氨基酸和肽释放的高峰。各处理组瘤胃内游离氨基酸组成 (采食后 6h内的平均值 )与饲料蛋白源蛋白质氨基酸组成相比 ,组氨酸 ,半胱氨酸 ,丙氨酸具有增加的趋势。鱼粉组、玉米蛋白粉组的肽氨基酸氮平均释放量 (采食后 6h内平均数据 )高于豆粕组 ,分别为 11.7mg氮 L ,9.0 1mg氮 L ,1.80mg氮 L。各处理组释放肽的氨基酸残基组成有一定的相似性 ,各组含量相对比例较高的有天冬氨酸 ,谷氨酸 ,酪氨酸和组氨酸 相似文献
4.
Price CT Al-Quadan T Santic M Rosenshine I Abu Kwaik Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6062):1553-1557
Legionella pneumophila proliferates in environmental amoeba and human cells within the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV). The exported AnkB F-box effector of L. pneumophila is anchored into the LCV membrane by host-mediated farnesylation. Here, we report that host proteasomal degradation of Lys(48)-linked polyubiquitinated proteins, assembled on the LCV by AnkB, generates amino acids required for intracellular bacterial proliferation. The severe defect of the ankB null mutant in proliferation within amoeba and human cells is rescued by supplementation of a mixture of amino acids or cysteine, serine, pyruvate, or citrate, similar to rescue by genetic complementation. Defect of the ankB mutant in intrapulmonary proliferation in mice is rescued upon injection of a mixture of amino acids or cysteine. Therefore, Legionella promotes eukaryotic proteasomal degradation to generate amino acids needed as carbon and energy sources for bacterial proliferation within evolutionarily distant hosts. 相似文献
5.
Location and chemical synthesis of a pre-S gene coded immunodominant epitope of hepatitis B virus 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
Immunodominant, disulfide-bond independent epitopes recognized by human antibodies to hepatitis B virus (HBV) are located within the 55-residue amino terminal portion (coded for by the pre-S region of HBV DNA) of minor HBV envelope components larger than the major protein constituents encoded by the S gene. A peptide having the sequence of the first 26 amino acids from the amino terminal methionine was synthesized and elicited antibodies (at dilutions of greater than or equal to 1 to 10(5) ) to the HBV envelope. These antibodies can be utilized for diagnostic tests. The immunogenicity of the peptide was substantially increased by covalent attachment to liposomes. The disulfide bond-independent determinants on sequences coded for by the pre-S gene may be more easily mimicked by peptide analogs than "conformational" determinants on the S-gene product. 相似文献
6.
Fellay J Shianna KV Ge D Colombo S Ledergerber B Weale M Zhang K Gumbs C Castagna A Cossarizza A Cozzi-Lepri A De Luca A Easterbrook P Francioli P Mallal S Martinez-Picado J Miro JM Obel N Smith JP Wyniger J Descombes P Antonarakis SE Letvin NL McMichael AJ Haynes BF Telenti A Goldstein DB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5840):944-947
Understanding why some people establish and maintain effective control of HIV-1 and others do not is a priority in the effort to develop new treatments for HIV/AIDS. Using a whole-genome association strategy, we identified polymorphisms that explain nearly 15% of the variation among individuals in viral load during the asymptomatic set-point period of infection. One of these is found within an endogenous retroviral element and is associated with major histocompatibility allele human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*5701, whereas a second is located near the HLA-C gene. An additional analysis of the time to HIV disease progression implicated two genes, one of which encodes an RNA polymerase I subunit. These findings emphasize the importance of studying human genetic variation as a guide to combating infectious agents. 相似文献
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Vigneron N Stroobant V Chapiro J Ooms A Degiovanni G Morel S van der Bruggen P Boon T Van den Eynde BJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5670):587-590
CD8 T lymphocytes recognize peptides of 8 to 10 amino acids presented by class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex. Here, CD8 T lymphocytes were found to recognize a nonameric peptide on melanoma cells that comprises two noncontiguous segments of melanocytic glycoprotein gp100(PMEL17). The production of this peptide involves the excision of four amino acids and splicing of the fragments. This process was reproduced in vitro by incubating a precursor peptide of 13 amino acids with highly purified proteasomes. Splicing appears to occur by transpeptidation involving an acyl-enzyme intermediate. Our results reveal an unanticipated aspect of the proteasome function of producing antigenic peptides. 相似文献
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Reinherz EL Tan K Tang L Kern P Liu J Xiong Y Hussey RE Smolyar A Hare B Zhang R Joachimiak A Chang HC Wagner G Wang J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,286(5446):1913-1921
The crystal structure of a complex involving the D10 T cell receptor (TCR), 16-residue foreign peptide antigen, and the I-Ak self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule is reported at 3.2 angstrom resolution. The D10 TCR is oriented in an orthogonal mode relative to its peptide-MHC (pMHC) ligand, necessitated by the amino-terminal extension of peptide residues projecting from the MHC class II antigen-binding groove as part of a mini beta sheet. Consequently, the disposition of D10 complementarity-determining region loops is altered relative to that of most pMHCI-specific TCRs; the latter TCRs assume a diagonal orientation, although with substantial variability. Peptide recognition, which involves P-1 to P8 residues, is dominated by the Valpha domain, which also binds to the class II MHC beta1 helix. That docking is limited to one segment of MHC-bound peptide offers an explanation for epitope recognition and altered peptide ligand effects, suggests a structural basis for alloreactivity, and illustrates how bacterial superantigens can span the TCR-pMHCII surface. 相似文献
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【目的】定位并注释双峰驼主要组织相容性复合体(major histocompatibility complex,MHC)基因序列,为进一步研究双峰驼MHC基因提供科学依据。【方法】运用比较基因组学方法,提取人类MHC(HLA)基因编码序列和牛MHC(BoLA)基因编码序列并分别与双峰驼转录本进行blastn基因序列比对,识别出相似度较高的scaffolds,通过分析HLA、BoLA基因序列比对在这些scaffolds上的位置顺序,对多条scaffolds进行拼接,得到双峰驼MHC的Pseudo chromosome;再分别提取HLA、BoLA全基因组序列与双峰驼已拼接的scaffolds进行基因组共线性分析,利用lastz建立起的Pseudo chromosome与HLA、BoLA全基因组序列的线性关系判断筛选出的scaffolds是否准确;然后通过分析MHC基因在两物种间的线性关系,在双峰驼参考基因组中提取出MHC基因序列,并对这些序列进行基因注释;最后根据得到的双峰驼MHC基因绘制系统进化树,研究其基因间的进化关系。【结果】通过对HLA、BoLA基因编码序列与双峰驼转录本用blastn进行序列比对,识别出了相似度较高的3条scaffolds,即NW_011511766.1(全长4.1M)、NW_011515227.1(全长1.2M)和NW_011514613.1(全长15K),对其拼接得到双峰驼MHC的Pseudo chromosome;利用lastz共线性分析,识别出HLA基因序列和BoLA基因序列并比对出其在双峰驼MHC基因的共线性区域。该区域与拼接得到的Pseudo chromosome一致,证明筛选出的scaffolds是准确的。并且发现Class-Ⅰ类和Class-Ⅲ类基因集中分布在NW_011515227.1上,而Class-Ⅱ类基因集中分布在NW_011511766.1和NW_011514613.1上,进一步分析得知Class-Ⅱ类基因主要分布在NW_011511766.1的3.5—4.1M的位置;将存在共线性区域的序列提取出来,与比对到双峰驼上的MHC基因的编码序列进行blat分析,结果在双峰驼基因组中共识别出24个与牛BoLA基因高度相似的基因,其中Ⅰ类基因1个,Ⅱ类10个,Ⅲ类基因13个。对双峰驼这24个MHC基因进行信息注释并绘制系统进化树,结果显示注释的Class-Ⅰ类和Class-Ⅱ类基因在同一分支。【结论】通过比较基因组学方法定位并注释了双峰驼的MHC基因,将双峰驼MHC基因序列定位到了3条scaffolds上,找到并注释了24个MHC基因,绘制了双峰驼MHC的Pseudo chromosome,为进一步研究双峰驼MHC基因奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
11.
Sutter NB Bustamante CD Chase K Gray MM Zhao K Zhu L Padhukasahasram B Karlins E Davis S Jones PG Quignon P Johnson GS Parker HG Fretwell N Mosher DS Lawler DF Satyaraj E Nordborg M Lark KG Wayne RK Ostrander EA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5821):112-115
The domestic dog exhibits greater diversity in body size than any other terrestrial vertebrate. We used a strategy that exploits the breed structure of dogs to investigate the genetic basis of size. First, through a genome-wide scan, we identified a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 15 influencing size variation within a single breed. Second, we examined genetic variation in the 15-megabase interval surrounding the QTL in small and giant breeds and found marked evidence for a selective sweep spanning a single gene (IGF1), encoding insulin-like growth factor 1. A single IGF1 single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotype is common to all small breeds and nearly absent from giant breeds, suggesting that the same causal sequence variant is a major contributor to body size in all small dogs. 相似文献
12.
Pen a1抗原表位187-202关键氨基酸的筛选和鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】Pen a1是虾中主要的过敏原蛋白,其抗原表位与致敏作用有关。对Pen a1的一个抗原表位187—202中氨基酸的出现频率及保守性进行分析后合成突变肽,并检测该突变肽与表位抗体的结合能力,筛选关键氨基酸,为研究虾致敏机理及脱敏方法提供理论依据。【方法】利用MEGA5软件对Pen a1蛋白5个表位及其氨基酸的组成与出现频率进行分析,选出这些表位中出现频率大的氨基酸;对过敏原数据库中所有致敏食物原肌球蛋白的氨基酸序列的保守性进行分析,筛选出保守性高的氨基酸。两种方法筛选出的共有氨基酸为潜在的关键氨基酸。用丙氨酸分别替代这些潜在的氨基酸形成突变肽。利用固相合成法分别合成原表位肽及突变肽。并将原表位肽作为免疫原免疫新西兰大白兔,获得表位多克隆抗体。利用间接ELISA方法及竞争性Dot-blot方法检测突变的表位肽与表位抗体IgE结合能力,筛选出结合能力明显下降的突变肽,其中替换的氨基酸即为该表位的关键氨基酸。【结果】谷氨酸（E）、亮氨酸（L）、精氨酸（R）、谷氨酰胺（Q）、缬氨酸（V）、丝氨酸（S）、天冬氨酸（D）在表位中出现频率较大,并高于在Pen a1整体蛋白中出现的概率,为活性氨基酸。将序列在187—202的表位中氨基酸组成及出现频率进行统计,推测E、V、L可能为该表位的关键氨基酸。将SDAP数据库中致敏食物原肌球蛋白序列与Pen a1氨基酸序列用DNAMAN软件进行多序列比对,K、L、E、V、G在所有比对的序列中都存在,表明这5个氨基酸为保守氨基酸。选择共有的E、V、L为可能的关键氨基酸,用丙氨酸替代表位中E、V、L分别合成1、2和3号突变肽。用竞争性Dot-blot检测突变肽结合抗体能力,以提取纯化的虾致敏蛋白为包被原,用突变肽抑制虾蛋白结合抗体,发现原表位肽抑制作用明显,1号突变肽的抑制作用与原表位肽相似,2、3号肽的抑制作用明显低于原表位肽。谷氨酸突变的1号突变肽对表位活性并没有较大影响,说明谷氨酸不是该表位的关键氨基酸;而2、3号突变肽与抗体的结合能力明显降低,即亮氨酸和缬氨酸是该表位的关键氨基酸。同时,利用间接ELISA方法,将原表位肽和突变肽与兔血清反应,比较OD450值。结果显示,1号突变肽致敏性降低,OD450值约为对照的1/2.1,2号突变肽OD450值降低为对照的1/2.6,3号突变肽OD450值降低为对照的1/3.2。说明突变表位与表位抗体结合能力均有不同程度的降低。结合竞争Dot-blot试验结果,亮氨酸和缬氨酸为该抗原表位的关键氨基酸。【结论】建立了一种关键氨基酸的筛选和鉴定的方法。亮氨酸和缬氨酸被丙氨酸取代后,其与表位对应抗体的结合能力发生明显下降,是Pen a1中表位187—202的关键氨基酸。这种筛选关键氨基酸的方法可以用于其它抗原表位的关键氨基酸的确定及氨基酸对表位致敏性的影响,深入研究过敏原脱敏机理;同时也可用于基因工程或氨基酸修饰中降低过敏原致敏性。 相似文献
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采用RT-PCR法从野蚕胚胎中克隆了一个885 bp孵化酶基因,命名为BmandHE(GenBank登录号:JN620366)。BmandHE ORF编码294个氨基酸残基,蛋白分子质量为33.57 kD,等电点为5.55。在BmandHE N-端存在16个氨基酸的信号肽,BmandHE序列含有锌指结合序列、Met-转角基序等孵化酶保守功能区域和构成孵化酶二级结构骨架的4个半胱氨酸残基。BmandHE与其他动物孵化酶氨基酸序列的相似性为30.4%～97.1%。进化分析表明,野蚕与昆虫家蚕、柞蚕、家蚊聚为一类,亲缘关系比较近。 相似文献
15.
短期遮阴对茶树嘌呤碱、氨基酸和儿茶素生物合成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了遮阴处理对茶树嘌呤碱、氨基酸和多酚类化合物生物合成的影响。对一年生茶树扦插苗短期遮阴处理后,通过高效液相色谱和荧光定量PCR技术分别对茶树三大代谢产物含量(嘌呤碱代谢,氨基酸代谢,多酚类代谢)及生物合成途径中关键基因的表达水平进行检测。结果表明,短期遮阴处理使得儿茶素总量略下调,可抑制咖啡碱的合成,大幅提高氨基酸的合成。遮阴8 d可以使其氨基酸总量增加58.5%,其中茶氨酸含量增加了近6倍。从基因表达差异分析来看,短期遮阴处理对一些基因的表达影响很大,如TCS1、PAL、F3'H和ANR2。遮阴处理对茶树扦插苗中嘌呤碱、氨基酸和多酚类化合物的生物合成有一定的影响作用。 相似文献
16.
草鱼MyoD cDNA的克隆和序列分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用RACE技术从受精后约22 h的草鱼胚胎总RNA中扩增获得了草鱼MyoD基因的全序列,并对其序列进行了分析。结果表明，草鱼MyoD基因全长cDNA为1 597 bp,其中开放阅读框为825 bp，共编码275个氨基酸，结构分析表明该肽链第1～84个氨基酸为草鱼MyoD基因的Basic区,第98～142个氨基酸为草鱼MyoD基因的HLH结构域，该序列所编码的肽链没有信号肽；通过对比分析已知的GeneBank中其它脊椎动物MyoD基因发现，该基因编码的氨基酸肽链随动物由低等向高等进化有加长的趋势,且核苷酸以及推测的氨基酸同源性和动物之间的亲缘关系相一致；草鱼MyoD基因的克隆为研究家鱼的肌肉发育调控的机理以及肉质改良奠定了基础。 相似文献
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利用8个油菜品种进行完全双列杂交,采用包括胚、细胞质和母体植株遗传效应的二倍体种子数量性状遗传模型和统计分析方法,分析油菜(Brasstca napus L.)饼粕谷氨酸、甘氨酸和精氨酸含量的遗传效应、遗传率和遗传相关.结果表明,除了未发现精氨酸的细胞质效应外,油菜籽饼粕中谷氨酸、甘氨酸和精氨酸性状的表达均受到胚、细胞质和母体植株遗传效应的控制.谷氨酸和甘氨酸性状的表现是以母体遗传效应为主,但精氨酸性状的胚和母体遗传效应相近.3种氨基酸的母体遗传率大于胚遗传率或细胞质遗传率,且均以母体加性效应和细胞质效应为主,因此对这些性状进行选择可望取得较好的效果.3种氨基酸之间的相关性是以胚显性正相关(rp)为主,但母体加性(rAm)或显性(rDm)负相关也较为明显. 相似文献
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蕨麻猪白细胞抗原Ⅰ类分子3基因的克隆和序列分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
参照GenBank上登录的猪SLA-3基因序列(GenBank登录号:AF464010)设计1对引物,从经ConA刺激的蕨麻猪外周血液淋巴细胞中提取RNA,进行克隆、测序以及同源性分析和蛋白结构预测分析.结果表明:克隆的蕨麻猪SLA-3基因大小为1 086 bp,含一个完整的开放阅读框,编码361个氨基酸,还含有一段21个氨基酸的信号肽序列;核苷酸序列与GenBank上登录的SLA-3参考序列的同源性为93.1%;与牛、绵羊、山羊的同源性较高,而与鸡的同源性最低.蛋白分子结构预测表明,猪SLA-3基因编码的蛋白分子是由胞外区(303个氨基酸)、跨膜区(23个氨基酸)和胞内区(35个氨基酸)组成的一种跨膜蛋白. 相似文献
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从斑马鱼脑组织提取总RNA,应用RT-PCR方法克隆促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH) cDNA,其长度为646 bp,包括一个258 bp开放阅读框;编码的GnRH前体为86个氨基酸残基,由一个信号肽、GnRH十肽和一个由蛋白水解位点(Gly-Lys-Arg)连接的促性腺激素释放激素相关肽(GAP)组成;其中信号肽和相关肽的长度分别为24和49个氨基酸.该cDNA编码的GnRH的前体氨基酸序列与其他物种的GnRH前体基本一致.表明物种间GnRH cDNA的蛋白编码区高度保守,而非编码区的保守性程度很低.进化分析发现,斑马鱼与鲤、鲫、拟鲤、黑头软口鲦等淡水鲤科鱼类的同源性较高. 相似文献
20.
Amino acid homology between the encephalitogenic site of myelin basic protein and virus: mechanism for autoimmunity 总被引：51，自引：0，他引：51
Amino acid sequence homology was found between viral and host encephalitogenic protein. Immune responses were then generated in rabbits by using the viral peptide that cross-reacts with the self protein. Mononuclear cell infiltration was observed in the central nervous systems of animals immunized with the viral peptide. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a host protein whose encephalitogenic site of ten amino acids induces experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. By computer analysis, hepatitis B virus polymerase (HBVP) was found to share six consecutive amino acids with the encephalitogenic site of rabbit MBP. Rabbits given injections of a selected eight- or ten-amino acid peptide from HBVP made antibody that reacted with the predetermined sequences of HBVP and also with native MBP. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the immunized rabbits proliferated when incubated with either MBP or HBVP. Central nervous system tissue taken from these rabbits had a histologic picture reminiscent of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Thus, viral infection may trigger the production of antibodies and mononuclear cells that cross-react with self proteins by a mechanism termed molecular mimicry. Tissue injury from the resultant autoallergic event can take place in the absence of the infectious virus that initiated the immune response. 相似文献