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1.
根据2003年8月～2005年5月桑沟湾4个航次调查结果,对该海区浮游植物的种类组成、数量分布和群落结构进行分析。结果表明,调查海域共检出浮游植物32属72种。其中,硅藻29属60种,占83.3%。甲藻3属12种,占16.7%。浮游植物数量的变动范围为5.0×10^4～3416.0×10^4cell/m^3,浮游植物数量均值的最高值出现在2003年8月,最低值出现在2005年5月。经多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数和单纯度指数分析,调查海域浮游植物的群落结构随季节变化明显,秋季的种类数、多样性明显高于春季。综合评价表明,桑沟湾海域浮游植物种类个体数量分布不均匀,生物多样性一般。 相似文献
2.
莱州湾东部养殖区浮游植物的生态特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
阐述了莱州湾浅海养殖区浮游植物的生物量、种类组成、赤潮生物和群落结构特征。 1997年5～ 12月间浮游植物数量的变动范围为 19.0 0～ 6873.5× 10 3cell/m3,浮游植物的数量高峰出现在秋季 9月 ,最低值出现在春季 5月。共检出浮游植物 2 5属 61种。其中硅藻 2 1属 5 5种 ,占 89.1% ;甲藻有 3属 6种 ,占 9.4 % ;蓝藻 1属 1种 ,占 1.5 %。另共出现赤潮生物 2 6种 ,占总种数的 4 2 .6%。并采用生物多样性指数、种类丰富度指数、均匀度指数和单纯度指数分析了调查海域浮游植物的群落结构特征。 相似文献
3.
天津港附近海域浮游植物群落结构初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2014年4月、6月、8月、9月和11月对天津港附近海域浮游植物群落结构进行初步调查。结果表明,该调查共鉴定浮游植物2门17科20属共40种,浮游植物丰度0.03×104~10.12×104个/L,生物量0.28~32.50μg/L,浮游植物种类组成为硅藻门占绝对优势,共10科13属28种,占总数的68.3%。5航次调查浮游植物平均多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数分别为1.2462、0.7539和0.4305,综合分析天津港附近海域浮游植物多样性水平较低,群落组成较为单一。 相似文献
4.
天津大沽口冬季浮游植物生态学特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究了2004年12月份天津大沽口9个站点的浮游植物物种及其群落特征。共发现浮游植物3门16属30种,其中硅藻14属28种,甲藻和蓝藻均为1属1种,硅藻在数量和种类上都占绝对优势。优势种为刚毛根管藻、短角弯角藻、卡氏角毛藻,夜光藻。调查区浮游植物细胞丰度为5.28×104cell/m3~31.20×104cell/m3,平均值为12.94×104cell/m3。在潮水的作用下,浮游植物数量的高值区分布在5号站位附近,低值区在3、4号站位。调查区内浮游植物群落物种丰富度指数(D)平均值为0.84;香农-威纳多样性指数(H′)平均值为2.30;物种均匀度指数(J)平均值为0.14;单纯度(C)平均值为0.36。调查海域内除5号测站单纯度稍高,均匀度、多样性偏低外,大部分调查海域浮游植物群落结构处于较完整、稳定的状态。经分析,这种稳定状态是潮水造成的,是暂时的现象。与历史资料对比,该区域的浮游植物现存量处于较高水平,尤其是赤潮生物的种类和数量均增多,优势种也发生了改变,这可能与目前该海域营养盐较为丰富有关。 相似文献
5.
2012年5月和8月对崂山近岸和流清河湾网箱增养殖区的浮游植物进行调查。结果显示,5月共检出浮游植物23属36种,细胞丰度变动范围为85.26×103～720.16×103cell/m3,夜光藻为优势种,数量占浮游植物总量的80%以上,受其影响,群落多样性较差,细胞丰度低。8月共检出浮游植物30属54种,细胞丰度变动范围为43.00×103～1 116.27×103cell/m3,群落多样性较好,细胞丰度较低。对浮游植物群落进行聚类分析,5月相似性在60%以上,8月在50%以上。崂山近岸的浮游植物细胞丰度平均值均大于流清河湾网箱增养殖区,而多样性均值前者均小于后者;相关性分析显示,细胞丰度平均值与N/P均值呈显著负相关(r=-0.81,P<0.05),而多样性均值与其呈显著正相关(r=0.98,P<0.05),认为影响浮游植物细胞丰度和多样性的最关键限制因子是无机氮。 相似文献
6.
为了解山东省青岛市崂山近岸海域浮游植物群落结构变化特征及其与环境因子的关系,于2016~2017年的春、夏、秋3个季节在该海域设置15个监测站位进行调查,并同步监测海区环境因子。结果显示,共检出浮游植物2门31属69种。其中,硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)为绝对优势门类,共25属60种,甲藻门(Pyrrophyta)有6属9种。调查海区浮游植物细胞丰度变化范围为(732.10~ 1142.19)×104 cell/m3,平均为937.15×104 cell/m3。浮游植物细胞丰度季节变化明显,2016年最高峰出现在秋季;2017年最高峰出现在夏季;空间分布上,春、夏2个季节呈现由北向南递减的趋势。浮游植物群落结构特征指数分析结果显示,调查海域浮游植物的多样性指数和丰富度指数均较好,表明该海域浮游植物群落结构比较稳定。聚类分析结果显示,春季浮游植物细胞丰度季节变化不大,2016和2017年相似性高达70%左右,但夏、秋季的浮游植物细胞丰度季节变化较大,相似性仅为40%左右,这主要与环境因子变化有关。浮游植物群落结构与环境因子相关性分析表明,浮游植物细胞丰度平均值与化学需氧量(COD)的相关系数最高,最高值为0.536,其次与之相关的双因子组为pH与COD、COD与无机氮(DIN)、溶解氧(DO)与COD。因此,崂山近岸海区浮游植物细胞丰度的关键限制因子为COD、pH、DIN和DO。 相似文献
7.
于2010-2011年按季节在北海营盘新珍珠贝养殖区海域进行了4次调查采样,对该海域的浮游植物进行了初步研究。结果表明：该海域共有浮游植物36属82 种,春季以细柱藻属占优,夏季以海链藻属占优,秋季以角毛藻属占优,冬季以菱形藻属和海链藻属占优。各季节各站位浮游植物数量变化范围在2.8×104～9.6×104cells/ml,均位于同一数量级,多样性指数范围在2.54～2.94之间,均匀度在0.47～0.55之间,水质处于轻度污染状态,作为规划的珍珠贝养殖区,该海域饵料生物数量偏低,是规划时需要考虑的因素。 相似文献
8.
在全球气候变化和人类活动的影响下,长江和澜沧江源区水生态环境问题日益突出,而浮游植物是水生态系统的物质循环和能量流动的重要环节,为了解长江和澜沧江源区浮游植物资源现状,本研究对比了2012 ~ 2016年长江和澜沧江源区干支流浮游植物特征,并采用冗余分析（RDA）揭示了浮游植物群落结构与9种环境因子间的关系。结果表明长江源区共鉴定出浮游植物4门44种（属）,其中蓝藻门5种（属）,绿藻门9种（属）,硅藻门29种（属）,隐藻门1种（属）,当曲和直门达2014年的浮游植物种类数最多,为18种,五道梁2012年种类数最少,为6种。长江源区浮游植物密度变化范围为2.53×104 ~ 94.00×104 ind/L,最小值出现在2015年的当曲样点,最大值为2016年的唐古拉山样点。长江源区Shannon多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数变化范围分别为0.86 ~ 3.34、0.34 ~ 0.96、0.33 ~ 0.83,最小值为2012年的五道梁样点。澜沧江源区共鉴定出浮游植物4门32种（属）,其中蓝藻门5种（属）,绿藻门6种（属）,硅藻门20种（属）,隐藻门1种（属）,扎曲2014年鉴定出种类数最多,为14种。澜沧江源区浮游植物密度变化范围为2.23×104 ~ 38.64×104 ind/L,最小值为扎那曲（2015年）,最大值为囊谦（2012年）。澜沧江源区Shannon、Margalef、Pielou三种多样性指数变化范围分别为0.86 ~ 3.21、0.36 ~ 0.78、0.25 ~ 0.91。长江和澜沧江源区总体上浮游植物密度较低,水体处于贫营养状态,浮游植物均匀度指数较高,种类分布较为均匀,群落结构较稳定。温度、浊度、流速和含沙量是影响长江和澜沧江源区浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子。 相似文献
9.
2010年5月下旬,秦皇岛海域暴发了多次赤潮,其影响一直持续至当年的8月份。通过2010年5–9月对秦皇岛近岸海域进行的5个月份调查,对赤潮期间该海域浮游植物的种类组成、时空分布、群落结构特征及浮游植物与夜光藻的依存关系、浮游植物与环境因子的关系进行了分析。结果表明,调查海域共检出浮游植物46属96种,主要隶属硅藻门(Bacillario phyta)和甲藻门(Pyrroptata),生态类型多数为广温广盐的广布种或近岸性种类,少数为暖海性物种或远洋性种类。主要优势种有夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)、斯托根管藻(Rhizosolenia stolterfothii)、角毛藻(Chaetoceros sp.)、圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus sp.)和辐杆藻(Bacteriastrum sp.)等。共鉴定赤潮生物48种,占浮游植物种类数的50%。浮游植物丰度均值的变化范围为6.20×104~4 129.53×104 cells/m3,其丰度均值的高峰出现在9月份,低谷出现在7月份。调查海域浮游植物5个月份的多样性指数均值都大于1,生物多样性状况良好,群落结构比较稳定;聚类分析表明,5个调查月份群落相似性程度较高,相似性范围为40%~71%。相关性分析表明,浮游植物平均丰度与盐度存在显著的负相关关系(r=–0.734,P0.01,N=37);与无机氮营养盐(DIN)存在显著地正相关关系(r=0.753,P0.01,N=37),推测调查期间该海域浮游植物生长繁殖的主导环境因子为无机氮营养盐。浮游植物物种与环境因子的典范对应分析表明,N/P、盐度、硝酸盐、硅酸盐、亚硝酸盐和水温是影响秦皇岛海域浮游植物群落结构特征的主要环境因子。 相似文献
10.
根据2011年4月、2014年5月在南日岛人工鱼礁区及邻近海域进行的2次生态环境调查资料,研究投礁前后南日岛海域浮游植物的群落特征。结果表明:两次调查共鉴定浮游植物3门40属82种。2011年共鉴定3门32属52种,拟建礁区中心及四周和对照区种类组成相似,平均种类数分别为26种/站和27种/站,细胞数量分别为3.34×104个/dm~3和5.68×10~4个/dm~3。投礁前浮游植物丰富度平均值为1.750,物种多样性指数平均值为2.206,均匀度平均值为0.464,优势度平均值为0.753。2014年共鉴定3门34属60种,礁区中心及四周和对照区种类组成相似,平均种类数分别为35种/站和32种/站,细胞数量分别为1.07×10~4个/dm~3和1.05×10~4个/dm~3。投礁后浮游植物丰富度平均值为2.504,物种多样性指数平均值为3.424,均匀度平均值为0.672,优势度平均值为0.551。 相似文献
11.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
12.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
13.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
14.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
15.
Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献
16.
T. Citarasu K. Venkatramalingam M. Micheal Babu R. Raja Jeya Sekar M. Petermarian 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(6):581-595
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could
lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment
in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load
in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Effects of cortisol on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism and responsiveness to hormones in the sea raven,Hemitripterus americanus 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The sea raven, Hemitripterus americanus, is a sit-and-wait, low metabolic rate, marine teleost. The objective of this study was to determine i) whether cortisol implantation (50 mg. kg-1) for 7 days altered hepatocyte metabolism, and hepatocyte responsiveness to epinephrine, glucagon and insulin, and ii) whether 8 weeks of food-deprivation modified the above response. Cortisol implantation significantly increased hepatocyte
total glucose production and oxidation from alanine compared to the sham group. There was no cortisol effect on glycogen breakdown,
suggesting that the activation of other pathways, including gluconeogenesis, are required to account for the increased glucose
production. Epinephrine-mediated (10-5M) glycogen breakdown and insulin-mediated (10-8M) total glucose production were enhanced in hepatocytes of cortisol implanted sea ravens, but there were no change in any
glucagon (10-7M) effects. The enhanced glycogen breakdown in the absence of similar increases in total glucose production with epinephrine
indicates mobilization of carbohydrate reserves for endogenous use by the liver.
Food-deprivation for 8 weeks significantly decreased condition factor, plasma cortisol concentration and liver glycogen content
in the sea raven, but had no effect on plasma glucose concentration. Hepatocyte total glucose production and flux rates from
alanine increased significantly with food-deprivation. Moreover, food-deprivation increased responsiveness of total hepatocyte
glucose production to the actions of glucagon and insulin, but not to epinephrine; none of these effects were modified by
cortisol implantation.
Our results indicate that cortisol in the sea raven exerts both a direct and an indirect or permissive effect on hepatocyte
metabolism by modifying hepatocyte responsiveness to epinephrine and insulin stimulation. Cortisol implantation did not modify
the effects of glucagon or food-deprivation in this species. 相似文献
18.
Simulation and quantification of enrichment and retention processes in the southern Benguela upwelling ecosystem 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
CHRISTOPHE LETT CLAUDE ROY ANNE LEVASSEUR CARL D. VAN DER LINGEN CHRISTIAN MULLON 《Fisheries Oceanography》2006,15(5):363-372
Important environmental processes for the survival and recruitment of early life stages of pelagic fishes have been synthesized through Bakun's fundamental triad as enrichment, concentration and retention processes (A. Bakun, 1996, Patterns in the Ocean. Ocean Processes and Marine Population Dynamics. San Diego, CA, USA: University of California Sea Grant). This conceptual framework states that from favourable spawning habitats, eggs and larvae would be transported to and/or retained in places where food originating from enrichment areas would be concentrated. We propose a method for quantifying two of the triad processes, enrichment and retention, based on the Lagrangian tracking of particles transported within water velocity fields generated by a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model. We apply this method to the southern Benguela upwelling ecosystem, constructing putative maps of enrichment and retention. We comment on these maps regarding main features of the circulation in the region, and investigate seasonal variability of the processes. We finally discuss the results in relation to available knowledge on the reproductive strategies of two pelagic clupeoid species abundant in the southern Benguela, anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardinops sagax). Our approach is intended to be sufficiently generic so as to allow its application to other upwelling systems. 相似文献
19.
This study evaluated the effects of three levels of loading density (200, 300 and 400 g L−1) and four levels of duration (1, 3, 6 and 9 h) on the mortality, plasma cortisol and chloride levels and growth of rohu Labeo
rohita fingerlings in a transport simulation. While total immediate mortality was low (4–12%), delayed mortality was high (27–49%).
Initial capture and handling were found to constitute the most stressful phase as indicated by elevated plasma cortisol. The
levels of cortisol continued to rise at 6 and 9 h after transport, with the highest level observed at 9 h after transport.
The level of plasma chloride fell after transport across all density levels and treatment durations. Specific growth rate
(SGR, %/day) and total bacterial density (cfu/g) were not different between and within treatments, and between treatments
and the controls. This study demonstrates that transport has a profound effect on the stress responses of rohu fingerlings.
Although the level of immediate mortality was low, the higher level of delayed mortality has serious implications in terms
of production inefficiency for grow-out farmers. 相似文献
20.
Gabrielle C. Canonico Angela Arthington Jeffrey K. McCrary Michele L. Thieme 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2005,15(5):463-483
- 1. The common name ‘tilapia’ refers to a group of tropical freshwater fish in the family Cichlidae (Oreochromis, Tilapia, and Sarotherodon spp.) that are indigenous to Africa and the southwestern Middle East. Since the 1930s, tilapias have been intentionally dispersed worldwide for the biological control of aquatic weeds and insects, as baitfish for certain capture fisheries, for aquaria, and as a food fish. They have most recently been promoted as an important source of protein that could provide food security for developing countries without the environmental problems associated with terrestrial agriculture. In addition, market demand for tilapia in developed countries such as the United States is growing rapidly.
- 2. Tilapias are well‐suited to aquaculture because they are highly prolific and tolerant to a range of environmental conditions. They have come to be known as the ‘aquatic chicken’ because of their potential as an affordable, high‐yield source of protein that can be easily raised in a range of environments — from subsistence or ‘backyard’ units to intensive fish hatcheries. In some countries, particularly in Asia, nearly all of the introduced tilapias produced are consumed domestically; tilapias have contributed to basic food security for such societies.
- 3. This review indicates that tilapia species are highly invasive and exist under feral conditions in every nation in which they have been cultured or introduced. Thus, the authors have concluded that, despite potential or observed benefits to human society, tilapia aquaculture and open‐water introductions cannot continue unchecked without further exacerbating damage to native fish species and biodiversity. Recommendations include restricting tilapia culture to carefully managed, contained ponds, although exclusion is preferred when it is feasible. Research into culture of indigenous species is also recommended.