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1.
This prospective study evaluated the utility of bone marrow aspirates (BMAs) obtained from multiple sites for staging of canine lymphoma (LSA) and mast cell tumours (MCTs). Forty dogs (LSA, n = 24; MCTs, n = 16) were enrolled, but only 33 (82.5%) had diagnostic bone marrow (BM) aspirates obtained from two sites for inclusion in the study. Nineteen dogs with LSA were included, and 6 (31.6%) had BM involvement. Neoplastic lymphocytes were present in BM from both sites in all of these dogs. Fourteen dogs with MCTs were included, and 3 (21.4%) had BM involvement. Neoplastic mast cells were present at both sites in two dogs and at only one site in the third. These results indicate that BMAs from multiple sites may not be needed for accurate staging of canine LSA patients, but more studies evaluating the pattern of BM infiltration in dogs with high‐grade MCTs are warranted.  相似文献   

2.
BACKGROUND: Canine lymphoma (LSA) is responsive to initial treatment, however, it then becomes resistant to drugs in the initial protocol. New rescue protocols are needed. HYPOTHESIS: A combination of L-asparaginase, lomustine, and prednisone will be well tolerated and efficacious as a rescue therapy for dogs with LSA. ANIMALS: Thirty-one client owned dogs with cytologically confirmed multicentric LSA who were refractory or whose disease had relapsed after a CHOP (cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone)-based chemotherapy protocol. METHODS: Prospective clinical trial. Lomustine (target dose, 70 mg/m2) was administered orally at 3-week intervals for a total of 5 doses or until disease progression. L-asparaginase (400 U/kg) was administered subcutaneously concurrently with the first 2 lomustine treatments. Prednisone was administered at a tapering dose for the duration of the protocol. RESULTS: Overall response rate for dogs treated with this protocol was 87% (27/31), with 52% (16/31) of dogs achieving a complete response. Median time to response was 21 days. Median time to progression was 63 days (111 days for dogs achieving a complete response and 42 days for dogs achieving a partial response). There were no significant differences in response rates and times to progression between dogs who had received L-asparaginase before beginning this rescue protocol and those who had not. Toxicoses were mild and self-limiting in 29 of 31 cases. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: This is a well-tolerated rescue therapy for relapsing LSA in dogs. Response rates and remission durations compare favorably to other rescue protocols. Therefore, this protocol is a viable rescue option.  相似文献   

3.
BACKGROUND: Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, has a dual role in tumor cell proliferative and antiapoptotic pathways. Survivin expression has been shown to be a negative prognostic factor in several cancers of humans, including B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. HYPOTHESES: High survivin expression will be a negative prognostic factor in dogs with lymphoma (LSA) treated with chemotherapy. In addition, survivin expression will be upregulated in relapsed canine LSA when compared with patient-matched, pretreatment biopsies. ANIMALS: Thirty-one client-owned dogs with stage IIIa or IVa LSA. METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of survivin immunoreactivity was performed on pretreatment lymph node biopsies and patient-matched samples obtained from dogs at relapse after being treated with an abbreviated CHOP-based protocol. RESULTS: In this population of dogs presenting with stage IIIa or IVa B-cell LSA, those dogs that had high survivin immunoreactivity scores had a significantly (P < .01, hazard ratio = 0.30) shorter median disease-free interval than did dogs with low survivin immunoreactivity scores (171 days versus 321 days, respectively). Survivin immunoreactivity was not significantly different in relapsed canine LSA when compared with patient-matched, pretreatment biopsies. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Survivin expression is a negative prognostic factor that can predict early treatment failure of dogs that present with stage IIIa or IVa, B-cell LSA when treated with a CHOP-based protocol.  相似文献   

4.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) using the glucose analog 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro- d -glucose (18FDG) is a common imaging modality for diagnosis and management of many human malignancies. We evaluated 18FDG-PET in dogs with either multicentric lymphoma (LSA) or cutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT). A prototype large field-of-view PET scanner was used to collect whole-body images in nine dogs with LSA or MCT. Both tumors were characterized by avidity for 18FDG. In dogs with LSA, 18FDG-PET correctly identified involvement of superficial and internal lymph nodes, liver, and spleen. Repeated PET scans after induction chemotherapy demonstrated resolution of abnormal 18FDG uptake within these sites. In dogs with MCT, 18FDG-PET correctly identified MCT metastasis to regional lymph nodes in all dogs in which this was suspected or confirmed with cytology or biopsy before the PET scan. In two dogs, additional sites of mast cell disease were identified with 18FDG-PET that were undetected on physical examination and/or regional lymph node cytology. 18FDG-PET holds promise as a whole-body staging method for canine LSA and MCT.  相似文献   

5.
Endostatin concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with selected neoplasms   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Endostatin prevents angiogenesis and tumor growth by inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation and migration. The purpose of this study was to determine serum endostatin concentrations in 53 healthy dogs and in 38 dogs with confirmed malignant neoplasms. Endostatin concentration was determined with a competitive enzymatic immunoassay (EIA) with rabbit polyclonal antibody generated against a recombinant canine endostatin protein. Both the presence of cancer and increasing age were associated with increased serum concentration of endostatin. Endostatin concentration in healthy dogs was 87.7 +/- 3.5 ng/mL. Upper and lower limits of the reference range for serum endostatin concentration in healthy dogs were 60 and 113 ng/mL. Dogs with lymphoma (LSA) and hemangiosarcoma (HSA) had endostatin concentrations of 107 +/- 9.3 ng/mL. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that endostatin can be quantified in dogs and that endostatin concentrations are high in dogs with HSA and LSA.  相似文献   

6.
Background: Chemotherapy for multicentric canine lymphoma has favorable results. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most common extranodal site of canine lymphoma, but there have been no prospective studies to determine outcome when dogs with GI lymphoma are treated with chemotherapy.
Hypothesis: Treatment with a multiagent chemotherapy protocol is associated with a poor outcome in dogs with GI lymphoma.
Animals: Eighteen dogs with histologically confirmed GI lymphoma.
Methods: Prospective clinical trial in which dogs with GI lymphoma were treated with a 20-week combination chemotherapy protocol consisting of induction and consolidation phases.
Results: Thirteen dogs had primary GI lymphoma and 5 had multicentric lymphoma with GI involvement. The majority of the lymphomas (63%) were of T-cell origin. Overall remission rate was 56%; 9 dogs achieved a complete remission for a median of 86 days (range, 22–420 days) and 1 dog achieved a partial remission for 26 days. Overall median survival time was 77 days (range, 6–700 days). Dogs that failed to achieve a remission (10 versus 117 days; P = .002) or had diarrhea at initial presentation (70 versus 700 days; P < .001) had shorter survival times.
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: The response and survival of dogs with GI lymphoma treated with multiagent chemotherapy is poor but long-term survival is possible.  相似文献   

7.
Experimental toxicological studies in laboratory animals and epidemiological human studies have reported a possible association between water fluoridation and osteosarcoma (OSA). To further explore this possibility, a case‐control study of individual dogs evaluated by the UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital was conducted using ecologic data on water fluoridation based on the owner's residence. The case group included 161 dogs with OSA diagnosed between 2008–2012. Two cancer control groups included dogs diagnosed with lymphoma (LSA) or hemangiosarcoma (HSA) during the same period (n = 134 and n = 145, respectively). Dogs with OSA were not significantly more likely to live in an area with optimized fluoride in the water than dogs with LSA or HSA. Additional analyses within OSA patients also revealed no significant differences in age, or skeletal distribution of OSA cases relative to fluoride status. Taken together, these analyses do not support the hypothesis that optimal fluoridation of drinking water contributes to naturally occurring OSA in dogs.  相似文献   

8.
Plasma histamine concentrations (PHCs) were measured serially over 9 months or until death in 11 dogs with mast cell tumors (MCTs). Eight dogs had grossly visible disease and the other 3 dogs had microscopic disease. Initial PHCs in the dogs with gross disease were significantly higher than PHCs in healthy dogs (median, 0.73 ng/mL and 0.19 ng/mL respectively; P < .009), whereas initial PHCs in dogs with microscopic disease showed no difference from controls. Seven dogs subsequently had progressive increases in PHC, and developed hyperhistaminemia (median, 14.0 ng/mL; range, 5.11-30.1 ng/nL). These 7 dogs died from MCTs, and 1 had general weakness with rapid lysis of a large tumor burden after radiation therapy. PHCs of the other 4 dogs were less than 1 ng/mL during the study. These 4 dogs were still alive with adequate control of the tumor at the conclusion of the study. Four of the 11 dogs initially had gastrointestinal (G1) signs, which abated soon after administration of histamine-2 (H-2) blockers. No significant difference was found between PHCs in dogs with GI signs and those without GI signs (median, 0.86 ng/mL and 0.35 ng/mL. respectively). Thereafter, 7 dogs had serious GI complications for which H-2 blocker therapy was ineffective. PHCs in these 7 dogs were extremely high (median, 12.2 ng/mL; range, 3.42-30.1 ng/nL). Results of this study demonsrated that PHC was one factor related to disease progression, and indicated that marked hyperhistaminemia was associated with the GI signs refractory to H-2 blocker therapy in dogs with MCTs.  相似文献   

9.
Many dogs with chronic illness have serum biochemical abnormalities consistent with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). Lymphoma (LSA) is a chronic disease of dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate adrenocortical screening test results in dogs with LSA to evaluate their specificity. Criteria for inclusion in the study included a diagnosis of LSA, an expected survival time of 16-56 weeks, no glucocorticoid treatment beyond 4 weeks after the initiation of chemotherapy, no evidence of HAC, and owner consent. Post-ACTH stimulation plasma cortisol concentrations (PACs), urine cortisol : creatinine (UC : Cr) ratios, and maximal left adrenal width measurements were performed at the time of LSA diagnosis before the initiation of chemotherapy and at 16, 24, 32, 40, and 52 weeks or until the loss of remission or the development of another disease. Ten dogs met the criteria for inclusion. Forty-two PACs were performed; 1 abnormal, 2 borderline, and 39 normal values were detected. Thirty-five maximal left adrenal width measurements were obtained; 0 abnormal, 5 borderline, and 30 normal measurements were detected. Thirty-six UC : Cr ratios were obtained, with 26 abnormal, 4 borderline, and 6 normal values detected and 9 of 10 dogs having at least 1 abnormal value. These data suggest that in dogs with LSA, the UC : Cr ratio frequently is abnormal and may not be a specific test for HAC, or it may be the most sensitive test for increases in cortisol secretion due to chronic illness. Maximal left adrenal width measurements and PACs were almost always normal and may be more specific for HAC or less sensitive for demonstrating chronic increases in cortisol secretion.  相似文献   

10.
Fifty-five dogs received packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions for gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage during a 26-month period (1999 to 2001), accounting for 11.7% of the PRBC transfusions in that time. Thirty-nine (61%) dogs had an intestinal pathology (primary or secondary) as the cause of GI hemorrhage, including intestinal masses, gastroenteritis, hepatic disease, and renal disease. Nonsteroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use was found frequently in dogs with GI hemorrhage. Sixteen (39%) dogs were identified as having immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT) and associated GI hemorrhage. Dogs with IMT received more transfusions of PRBC than nonIMT dogs (P<0.03) and received a significantly larger total volume of PRBC (P<0.01) during hospitalization.  相似文献   

11.
Small cell intestinal lymphoma has not been well characterized in dogs. The objective of this study was to describe clinical characteristics and outcome in dogs with small cell intestinal lymphoma. We hypothesized that affected dogs would have prolonged survival compared with high‐grade gastrointestinal (GI) lymphoma. Pathology records were searched for dogs with histologically confirmed small cell GI lymphoma. Seventeen dogs with confirmed small cell intestinal lymphoma were identified, and clinical and outcome data were retrospectively collected. Histopathology was reviewed by a board‐certified pathologist, and tissue sections were subjected to immunophenotyping and molecular clonality assessment. All dogs had small cell, T‐cell, lymphoma confirmed within various regions of small intestine, with 1 dog also having disease in abdominal lymph nodes. All dogs had clinical signs attributable to GI disease; diarrhoea (n = 13) was most common. Ultrasonographic abnormalities were present in 8 of 13 dogs with abnormal wall layering (n = 7) and hyperechoic mucosal striations (n = 7) representing the most common findings. In total, 14 dogs received some form of treatment. The median survival time (MST) for all dogs was 279 days and the MST for the 14 dogs that received any treatment was 628 days. Dogs with anaemia and weight loss at presentation had significantly shorter survival times and dogs that received a combination of steroids and an alkylating agent had significantly longer survival times. Small cell, T‐cell, intestinal lymphoma is a distinct disease process in dogs, and those undergoing treatment may experience prolonged survival.  相似文献   

12.
The periodontal health status was assessed in two groups of dogs which had received different levels of periodontal care over a two-year period. The dental group received regular dental scaling and polishing, and intermittent daily tooth brushing, while the control group received no periodontal care. All dogs developed gingivitis, and two (one from each group) showed evidence of incipient periodontitis. The dental group had a reduced gingivitis index (GI) compared with the control group only when they had received daily tooth brushing before the GI assessment. When the dogs had not had their teeth brushed for four weeks before the assessment, the GI was not significantly different to that in the control dogs. This suggests that continual periodontal care throughout life is of great importance and questions the benefits of intermittent oral care. The GI of the palatal and lingual surfaces in all dogs was significantly higher than the GI of the buccal surfaces. Thus, all tooth surfaces may need to be cleaned to achieve optimal periodontal health.  相似文献   

13.
Background: The combination of lomustine, l -asparaginase, and prednisone (LAP) is an effective rescue treatment for canine lymphoma (LSA). In a previous study, we reported that remission was typically lost around the time l -asparaginase was discontinued.
Hypothesis: Use of l -asparaginase with each lomustine treatment will be well tolerated and efficacious as a rescue therapy for canine LSA.
Animals: Forty-eight client-owned dogs with cytologically confirmed multicentric LSA whose disease had relapsed after a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone-based chemotherapy protocol were included.
Methods: Lomustine was administered orally at 3-week intervals, concurrently with subcutaneous or intramuscular l -asparaginase for a total of 5 doses or until disease progression. Prednisone was administered at a tapering dose for the duration of the protocol.
Results: The overall response rate (ORR) for dogs treated with this protocol was 77%, with 65% achieving a complete response (CR). The median time to progression (TTP) was 70 days. Based on loose comparison, these findings are not significantly different from our previously reported historical control. The actual CCNU dosage administered did not affect response rate or remission duration.
Conclusions/Clinical Importance: These findings support previous data concluding that the LAP protocol is a viable rescue treatment option for dogs with LSA. However, results from this study suggest that continued use of l -asparaginase with each lomustine treatment does not significantly increase remission duration and toxicity appears greater.  相似文献   

14.
In human food allergy, with or without concurrent atopy, there may be significant increases in serum allergen-specific IgE. Serological methods have been tried but are not currently recommended for diagnosis of suspected food allergy in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate humoral immune responses to food antigens in dogs. Serum IgG and IgE antibodies specific for food antigens were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using polyclonal anti-dog IgG and IgE reagents. Antigens tested were beef, chicken, pork, lamb, chicken, turkey, white fish, whole egg, wheat, soybean, barley, rice, maize corn, potato, yeast and cow's milk. Three groups were examined: normal dogs, dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD); and dogs with one of four types of gastrointestinal (GI) disease: small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), food-responsive disease, and infectious diarrhoea. Statistically significant differences in food-specific antibodies were not detected between the GI subgroups. There were statistically significant differences in the IgE concentration between the normal dogs, and dogs with atopic or GI disease, for all of the antigens tested. There were statistically significant differences in the average IgG concentrations between the normal dogs, and dogs with atopic or GI disease, for all of the antigens tested, except egg and yeast. The relationship of antigen responses for pooled data was analysed using principle component analysis and cluster plots. Some clustering of variables was apparent for both IgE and IgG. For example, all dogs (normal and diseased) made a similar IgG antibody response to chicken and turkey. Compared with other groups, atopic dogs had more food allergen-specific IgE and this would be consistent with a Th(2) humoral response to food antigens. Dogs with GI disease had more food allergen-specific IgG compared with the other groups. This may reflect increased antigen exposure due to increased mucosal permeability which is a recognised feature of canine intestinal disease.  相似文献   

15.
The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the MOPP chemotherapy protocol (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) as a rescue regimen in dogs with lymphoma. One hundred seventeen dogs that had resistance to previously administered chemotherapy were evaluated. Before treatment with MOPP, all dogs received a median of 6 chemotherapy drugs for a median duration of 213 days. Thirty-one percent (36 of 117) had a complete response (CR) to MOPP for a median of 63 days, and 34% (40 of 117) had a partial response (PR) for a median of 47 days. Sixteen percent (19 of 117) had stable disease (SD) for a median of 33 days. Predictors for response to MOPP were not identified. Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity occurred in 28% (33 of 117) of the dogs, and 13% (15 dogs) required hospitalization. Five dogs developed septicemia, and 2 died as a result. MOPP was an effective treatment for dogs with resistant lymphoma and was well tolerated by the majority of affected dogs.  相似文献   

16.
This study evaluated the CorTemp® ingestible telemetric core body temperature sensor in dogs, to establish the relationship between rectal temperature and telemetrically measured core body temperature at rest and during exercise, and to examine the effect of sensor location in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract on measured core temperature. CorTemp® sensors were administered orally to fasted Labrador retriever dogs and radiographs were taken to document sensor location. Core and rectal temperatures were monitored throughout the day in 6 resting dogs and during a 10-minute strenuous retrieving exercise in 6 dogs. Time required for the sensor to leave the stomach (120 to 610 min) was variable. Measured core temperature was consistently higher than rectal temperature across all GI locations but temperature differences based on GI location were not significant (P = 0.5218). Resting dogs had a core temperature that was on average 0.4°C above their rectal temperature with 95% limits of agreement (LoA) between 1.2°C and −0.5°C. Core temperature in exercising dogs was on average 0.3°C higher than their concurrent rectal temperature, with LoA of +1.6°C and −1.1°C.  相似文献   

17.
BACKGROUND: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently prescribed to dogs for their analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Their beneficial actions can be offset by gastrointestinal (GI) toxicosis. Endoscopy has traditionally been employed to detect GI lesions, but alterations in GI permeability precede the development of mucosal damage. HYPOTHESIS: Carprofen and meloxicam alter GI permeability and mucosal absorptive capacity of dogs. ANIMALS: Twenty adult dogs treated with an NSAID for >7 days were evaluated by permeability tests while receiving either carprofen (10 dogs) or meloxicam (10 dogs). METHODS: Prospective, longitudinal observational study. A 6-sugar permeability test (sucrose, lactulose, rhamnose, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, D-xylose, and sucralose) was performed on the day before NSAID treatment, and after 3 and 8 days of treatment. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the urinary recovery ratios of lactulose: rhamnose, D-xylose: 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, or sucralose recovery within either group at any time during the study. Sucrose permeability in the meloxicam group did not alter significantly over time. However, sucrose permeability in the carprofen group decreased significantly by day 3 (P = .049) and increased again by day 8 (P = .049), to a level that was not significantly different to permeability before treatment (P = .695). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The absence of increased GI permeability and diminished mucosal absorptive capacity in this group of dogs does not support the development of acute GI toxicosis during treatment with either meloxicam or carprofen.  相似文献   

18.
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19.
Background: Malnutrition is a common problem in critically ill dogs and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in human medicine. Enteral nutrition (EN) delivery methods have been evaluated in humans to determine which is most effective in achieving caloric goals. Objectives: To compare continuous infusion and intermittent bolus feeding of EN in dogs admitted to a critical care unit. Animals: Fifty‐four dogs admitted to the critical care unit and requiring nutritional support with a nasoenteric feeding tube. Methods: Prospective randomized clinical trial. Dogs were randomized to receive either continuous infusion (Group C) or intermittent bolus feeding (Group I) of liquid EN. The percentage of prescribed nutrition delivered (PPND) was calculated every 24 hours. Frequencies of gastrointestinal (GI), mechanical, and technical complications were recorded and gastric residual volumes (GRVs) were measured. Results: PPND was significantly lower in Group C (98.4%) than Group I (100%). There was no significant difference in GI or mechanical complications, although Group C had a significantly higher rate of technical complications. GRVs did not differ significantly between Group C (3.1 mL/kg) and Group I (6.3 mL/kg) and were not correlated with the incidence of vomiting or regurgitation. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: There was a statistically significant difference in the PPND between continuously and intermittently fed dogs, but this difference is unlikely to be clinically relevant. Critically ill dogs can be successfully supported with either continuous infusion or intermittent bolus feeding of EN with few complications. Increased GRVs may not warrant termination of enteral feeding.  相似文献   

20.
The unexpected demise of a 12-year-old male neutered English bulldog solicited a gross examination, which revealed a blood-filled space occurring in the proximal left subclavian artery (LSA). It originated about 1 cm from the branching point of the vessel and progressively dilated for 3 cm distal to this origin. Histopathological investigation showed that the tunica media of the LSA was more than 50% split, with the blood-filled space dissecting through the arterial wall. In the tunica media of the LSA, severe multifocal fragmentation and/or loss of the elastic fibers was observed. The retained disorganized elastic fibers were separated and disoriented due to accumulations of acid mucopolysaccharide. Marked, diffuse medial, and adventitial fibrous tissue deposition was also identified. The cause of death was attributed to acute hemorrhagic and necrotizing pancreatitis with pulmonary edema, suggesting that LSA dissection was an incidental finding. Subclavian artery dissection is extremely rare in humans, where the involvement of the LSA in cases of aortic dissection both with or without Marfan syndrome has been reported. Aortic and pulmonary artery dissection in bovines and aortic aneurysm and dissection in dogs have been reported to be associated with Marfan and Marfan-like syndromes, respectively. Histopathological findings suggestive of underlying connective tissue abnormalities resembling Marfan-like syndrome (i.e., the appearance of the elastic tissue and the degenerative changes of the tunica media) were detected in the first case of LSA dissection in dogs and veterinary medicine, herein described.  相似文献   

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