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前列腺素在母畜繁殖上的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
前列腺素Prostaglandins(简称PG)及其类似物具有溶解黄体、促进平滑肌收缩、促进催产素分泌等作用,在畜牧生产中的应用越来越广. 前列腺素是具有高度生物活性的物质.天然的前列腺素在体内半存留期很短,生物活性范围广,在使用时易产生副作用,而人工合成的前列腺素具有作用时间较长,活性较高,副作用小等优点.前列腺素在化学结构上的微小差别,可使其活性变化很大.目前,人工合成的前列腺素F2α(PGF[j2α)及其类似物氯前列烯醇Cloprostenol(简称CLO)在母畜繁殖上应用的比较广泛. 相似文献
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猪细小病毒(PPV)是引起母猪繁殖障碍和仔猪死亡的主要病原,疫苗免疫预防是控制该病的主要手段。由于对生物安全的担心,目前国内使用的疫苗仍以灭活苗为主。病毒样颗粒(VLPs)疫苗以其安全性高、免疫原性好成为各类病毒疫苗研究的热门方向。猪细小病毒病毒样颗粒(PPV-VLPs)是不含PPV DNA的空衣壳结构,由PPV VP2结构蛋白体外自行组装形成,形态上与天然病毒粒子相似,具有很强的免疫原性和生物学活性。论文就VLPs疫苗的免疫机制及PPV-VLPs的组装及其在国内外的研究进行综述,为PPV-VLPs研究提供参考。 相似文献
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《中国预防兽医学报》2019,(1)
正病毒样颗粒(Virus-like particles,VLPs)是由病毒结构蛋白组成的空心颗粒,具有天然病毒粒子形态和空间结构,但不含有病毒核酸,无感染能力,也不能自主复制[1-2]。许多病毒的结构蛋白在异源系统内重组表达即可自装配形成VLPs,这些VLPs的形态和结构与真正的病毒粒子相似,大小介于15 nm～400 nm,具有天然病毒粒子的空间构象和与天然病毒相似的免疫原性。机体免疫系统能够高效识别VLPs并产生特异的细胞免疫、体液免疫及黏膜免 相似文献
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随着动物营养学、畜牧业和饲料工业的发展,随着人类生活水平提高对畜产品数量和质量提出的更高需求,蛋氨酸(Met)及其羟基类似物(MHA)在动物饲养上的使用将日趋广泛,其产量和质量也将大幅度提高,现将其饲用效果等问题作如下综述。一、蛋氨酸及其羟基类似物作饲料添加剂的发展。 相似文献
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促性腺激素释放激素及其类似物在母猪繁殖中应用的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH))是下丘脑分泌的生殖激素,主要通过下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴参与调控动物的生殖活动,也可直接作用于性腺或其他器官发挥重要功能。哺乳动物的GnRH具有相同的十肽结构,通过改变十肽结构中第六、九、十位氨基酸可合成不同的GnRH类似物。GnRH及其类似物可通过刺激促黄体素(LH)分泌、抑制雌激素受体二聚化及调节胚胎附植期相关蛋白质的合成来影响动物的繁殖性能。GnRH及其类似物已被证明可提高猪的繁殖力。在母猪生产中,GnRH类似物的应用仍存在受胎次影响、促进排卵但不能增加产仔数等问题。文章主要从GnRH的来源与功能、GnRH及其类似物的结构、GnRH受体(GnRHR)的结构与功能、GnRH及其类似物对母猪繁殖性能的影响,以及存在的问题与展望五方面介绍了GnRH及其类似物在母猪繁殖中的应用研究进展。 相似文献
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促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH))是下丘脑分泌的生殖激素,主要通过下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴参与调控动物的生殖活动,也可直接作用于性腺或其他器官发挥重要功能。哺乳动物的GnRH具有相同的十肽结构,通过改变十肽结构中第六、九、十位氨基酸可合成不同的GnRH类似物。GnRH及其类似物可通过刺激促黄体素(LH)分泌、抑制雌激素受体二聚化及调节胚胎附植期相关蛋白质的合成来影响动物的繁殖性能。GnRH及其类似物已被证明可提高猪的繁殖力。在母猪生产中,GnRH类似物的应用仍存在受胎次影响、促进排卵但不能增加产仔数等问题。文章主要从GnRH的来源与功能、GnRH及其类似物的结构、GnRH受体(GnRHR)的结构与功能、GnRH及其类似物对母猪繁殖性能的影响,以及存在的问题与展望五方面介绍了GnRH及其类似物在母猪繁殖中的应用研究进展。 相似文献
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Sang Y Rowland RR Blecha F 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2011,12(2):149-167
Innate immunity provides frontline antiviral protection and bridges adaptive immunity against virus infections. However, viruses can evade innate immune surveillance potentially causing chronic infections that may lead to pandemic diseases. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an example of an animal virus that has developed diverse mechanisms to evade porcine antiviral immune responses. Two decades after its discovery, PRRSV is still one of the most globally devastating viruses threatening the swine industry. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular composition of the mammalian innate antiviral immune system with emphasis on the porcine system. In particular, we focus on the interaction between PRRSV and porcine innate immunity at cellular and molecular levels. Strategies for targeting innate immune components and other host metabolic factors to induce ideal anti-PRRSV protection are also discussed. 相似文献
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Zhengxuan ZHOU Jiacui XU Zhanjun LI Yan LV Shanli WU Huanmin ZHANG Yu SONG Yongxing AI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(1):102
Among many of the pathogens, virus is the main cause of diseases in livestock and poultry. A host infected with the virus triggers a series of innate and adaptive immunity. The realization of innate immune responses involves the participation of a series of protein molecules in host cells, including receptors, signal molecules and antiviral molecules. Post-translational modification of cellular proteins by ubiquitin regulates numerous cellular processes, including innate immune responses. Ubiquitin-mediated control over these processes can be reversed by cellular or viral deubiquitinases (DUBs). DUBs have now been identified in diverse viral lineages, and their characterization is providing valuable insights into virus biology and the role of the ubiquitin system in host antiviral mechanisms. In this review, we briefly introduce the mechanisms of ubiquitination and deubiquitination, present antiviral innate immune response and its regulation by ubiquitin, and summarize the prevalence of DUBs encoded by viruses (Arteriviridae, Asfarviridae, Nairoviridae, Coronaviridae, Herpesviridae, and Picornaviridae) infecting domestic animals and poultry. It is found that these DUBs suppress the innate immune responses mainly by affecting the production of type I interferon (IFN), which causes immune evasion of the viruses and promotes their replication. These findings have important reference significance for understanding the virulence and immune evasion mechanisms of the relevant viruses, and thus for the development of more effective prevention and treatment measures. 相似文献
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猪流行性腹泻病毒（porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV）是一种全球分布的α冠状病毒,能引起仔猪流行性腹泻,猪流行性腹泻一旦暴发会给养殖业带来巨大的经济损失。在病毒感染期间,Ⅰ型干扰素（type Ⅰ interferon,IFN-Ⅰ）是先天性抗病毒反应的关键介质。大多数冠状病毒通过限制IFN的产生和IFN应答的激活而产生一些策略以规避IFN应答。然而,PEDV颉颃IFN抗病毒作用的分子机制尚未完全清楚。猪感染PEDV后,机体的先天免疫不能有效抵抗PEDV的侵害,PEDV通过限制或阻断IFN的功能和隐藏自身的病原体相关分子模式（pathogen-associated molecular patterns,PAMP）两种途径逃逸宿主先天免疫。在此过程中,PEDV的结构蛋白和非结构蛋白及一些蛋白酶起到了关键作用,核衣壳（nucleocapsid,N）蛋白能抑制IFN-Ⅰ的产生,协助病毒逃避机体的抗病毒天然免疫,木瓜样蛋白酶通过去泛素化酶活性阻断天然免疫信号通路,PEDV也可通过阻断双链核糖核酸（double-stranded RNA,dsRNA）诱导IFN-Ⅰ的产生,以逃避宿主的先天免疫。这些研究为深入了解IFN在PEDV致病过程中的作用及PEDV逃避IFN抗病毒的机制提供了理论依据,并有助于深入了解病毒与宿主先天性免疫之间的关系,同时也为PEDV的防治及PEDV疫苗的研发提供参考。 相似文献
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Buza J Benjamin P Zhu J Wilson HL Lipford G Krieg AM Babiuk LA Mutwiri GK 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,126(3-4):273-282
Single-stranded viral RNA (ssRNA) was recently identified as the natural ligand for TLR7 and TLR8. ssRNA sequences from viruses, as well as their synthetic analogues stimulate innate immune responses in immune cells from humans and mice, but their immunostimulatory activity has not been investigated in ruminants. In the present investigations, we tested whether synthetic RNA oligoribonucleotides (ORN) can activate immune cells from cattle. In vitro incubation of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with ORN-induced production of IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. No significant induction of IFN-alpha was observed. Depletion of CD14+ cells from PBMC abrogated the IL-12 response and consequently the IFN-gamma response, suggesting that CD14+ cells are required for PBMC immune activation with ORN. Consistent with these findings, the putative receptors for ORN (TLR7 and TLR8) were expressed at higher levels in the CD14+ fraction than the CD14- PBMC fraction. Pre-treatment of PBMC with bafilomycin (an inhibitor of phagosomal acidification) prior to stimulation with ORN abolished the cytokine responses, confirming that the receptor(s) which mediate the ORN-induced responses are intracellular. These results demonstrate for the first time that the TLR7/8 agonist ORN's have strong immune stimulatory effects in cattle, and suggest that further investigation on the potential of TLR7/8 ligands to activate innate and adaptive immune responses in domestic animals are warranted. 相似文献
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锌指（zinc fingers,ZF）结构是一种广泛存在于动植物、微生物包括许多病毒中的蛋白结构,肽链中氨基酸残基的特征基团与Zn2+结合从而稳定形成一种很短的、可自我折叠成“手指”形状的多肽空间构型。具有ZF结构的蛋白被称为锌指蛋白（zinc-finger protein,ZNF）,研究发现,部分病毒可以编码具有ZF结构的蛋白且该蛋白会影响到病毒的复制、成熟病毒粒子的包装释放、调节激活病毒转录和裂解性感染及协助病毒的先天免疫逃逸等。本文就目前病毒的ZNF在病毒感染过程中发挥作用的研究进展作一综述,为ZNF的深入研究及以ZNF为靶位点的抗病毒药物研制提供参考。 相似文献
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DEAD-box RNA解旋酶DDX3是一种多功能的蛋白,其参与RNA代谢的多个过程,包括转录、剪接、mRNA核输出、翻译、RNA降解和核糖体生物合成。此外,DDX3还参与了细胞周期调控、细胞凋亡、Wnt-β-catenin信号和肿瘤发生等。最近研究表明,DDX3参与天然免疫信号通路并且促进抗病毒分子(如:干扰素调控因子3和Ⅰ型干扰素)的产生,DDX3也是一些病毒的主要靶点,因此,DDX3可作为研发抗病毒药物的新靶点。本文简单介绍了DDX3的结构和功能,总结了其在基因表达调控、细胞周期调控和细胞凋亡过程中发挥的作用,最后阐述了病毒如何通过与DDX3的互作调控宿主先天性免疫,以期为细胞的稳态调控和抗病毒先天性免疫调控提供新的思路。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探讨二甲双胍(metformin)处理对鸡巨噬细胞HD11天然免疫相关基因表达及禽白血病病毒(Avian leukosisvirus,ALV)复制水平的影响。用2mmol/L二甲双胍处理鸡巨噬细胞HD11,处理48h后收集细胞,荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测天然免疫基因和内源性反转录病毒的表达。另外,将J亚群禽白血病病毒(J subgroup Avian leukosis virus,ALV-J)(MOI=5)接种于细胞板中,病毒感染细胞24 h后进行二甲双胍处理, 48 h后收集HD11细胞和上清分别进行RT-qPCR检测和ELISA(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay)检测。结果表明,二甲双胍显著上调HD11细胞天然免疫相关基因TLR3(P<0.01)、IFIH1(P<0.01)、IRF7(P<0.01)、STAT1(P<0.05)、IFN-α(P<0.01)、IFN-β(P<0.01)表达水平,并激活了鸡内源性反转录病毒的表达,抑制ALV-J复制水平。综上,二甲双胍可激活鸡巨噬细胞的天然免疫反应,从而提高鸡抗禽白血病病毒的能力。本研究在体外实验中验证二甲双胍具有抑制ALV增殖的作用,对家禽业的疾病防控有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
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Siamak Haddadi Dae-Sun KimHui Jasmine Frank van der MeerMarkus Czub Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2013
LPS is one of the pathogen associated molecular patterns that activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway eliciting antiviral host responses in mammals although information on such responses in avian species is scarce. Our objectives were to characterize the LPS induced innate responses particularly the expression of LPS receptors (TLR4, CD14) in avian macrophages and observe whether TLR4 mediated induction of NO can elicit antiviral response against infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) replication. We found that LPS was capable of inducing the expression of TLR4, CD14 and NO production but not the type 1 interferons in an avian macrophage cell line, MQ-NCSU. We also showed that TLR4 mediated NO production can lead to antiviral response against ILTV replication when MQ-NCSU cells were treated with LPS and the resultant supernatant was then transferred to ILTV replicating cells to assess antiviral activity. Antiviral activity of NO was blocked by a selective inhibitor, S-methylisothiourea sulfhate that inhibits inducible NO synthase. This observation confirms that the antiviral activity is positively correlated with NO production. The data show that LPS can be a potential innate immune stimulant that can be used against ILTV infection in chickens that require further evaluation in vivo. 相似文献
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猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)属于冠状病毒家族成员,是近年来引起新生仔猪水样腹泻致死的主要病原之一,给养殖业带来了巨大威胁。病毒感染后,宿主细胞通过模式识别受体(PRRs)识别病原相关分子模式(PAMPs),促进I型干扰素等细胞因子的产生,进而抑制病毒的增殖。近年来的研究表明,PEDV能够通过其编码蛋白对宿主的抗病毒天然免疫反应进行调节,成功逃避免疫识别或拮抗宿主的天然免疫反应,为自身的快速复制和增殖创造条件。本文结合目前关于PEDV与宿主细胞相互作用的研究进展,综合分析了PEDV编码的各种蛋白在感染过程中拮抗宿主天然免疫系统的分子机制,旨在为进一步认识PEDV乃至其他冠状病毒的致病机制,也为探索新的抗病毒药物靶标提供思路。 相似文献