共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
ROBERT L. TOAL DVM MS MICHAEL A. WALKER DVM GEORGE A. HENRY DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1986,27(4):102-108
Fifty-five bitches were examined once, at different intervals for pregnancy. Manual Papation, B-mode real-time ultrasoungraphy, and radiography were used to confirm pregnancy and to count the number of fetuses present. Predicted numbers were compared to whelping data obtained from owners. Radiography was confined to the last trimester of pregnancy and had an overall accuracy of 100% in pregnancy detection and 93% in correct litter size determination. A proor qualtiy radiograph contributed to the one incorrect count estimate. Ultrasound and palpation were used in all three trimester phases starting 3 weeks post coitus. For pregnancy detection ultrasound was 94% accurate (no false positives) and palpation was 88% accurate (one false positive). For fetal counting, ultrasound was 36% accurate and palpation was 12% accurate. Recommendations for the use of ultrasound and radiography in pregnancy evaluation are reviewed. 相似文献
2.
3种食蟹猴早孕诊断方法的比较 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本试验旨在对3种食蟹猴早孕诊断方法进行比较,找出比较准确、可靠的诊断方法。在食蟹猴怀孕第20天时用直肠触诊、B超检查和孕酮值检测3种方法进行早孕诊断,在怀孕第30天时B超确诊是否怀孕。结果表明,B超检查的准确率为96.4%;直肠触诊的准确率为92.9%;孕酮值检测的准确率为64.3%。因此B超检查准确率高,是食蟹猴怀孕诊断的金标法;直肠触诊准确率较高且方便、经济,适合基层生产中进行大批量诊断;孕酮值检测确诊率较低,但可作为早孕诊断的辅助方法。 相似文献
3.
Noninvasive monitoring of fetal growth and development in the Siberian polecat (Mustela eversmanni).
J Wimsatt J D Johnson R H Wrigley D E Biggins J L Godbey 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》1998,29(4):423-431
The Siberian polecat (Mustela eversmanni) is the preferred species to assess procedures and establish normative values for application in the related and endangered black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes). This study was undertaken to physically, ultrasonographically, and radiographically evaluate fetal development in a spontaneously breeding captive Siberian polecat population. Ultrasonographically, fetal sac enlargement allowed presumptive pregnancy detection as early as 12 days of gestation, the fetal pole was the first definitive sign of pregnancy at about 18 days of gestation, when the fetal heart beat also appeared, and definitive pregnancy detection by ultrasound was essentially 100% accurate after 18 days. The estimation of fetal number by ultrasound was less reliable than by radiography, as it is in other litter-bearing species. Crown-rump growth, organ differentiation, and calcification patterns resembled those of domestic carnivores except that comparable developmental stages in polecats occurred at disproportionately later times, suggesting that young Siberian polecats are delivered in a less developed state. Careful palpation permitted detection of pregnancy after day 17 but with less certainty than with ultrasound. Radiographic evaluation was insensitive and of limited value for pregnancy detection until near term. Litter number and fetal detail were difficult to assess until ossification could be observed, 3-6 days before parturition. 相似文献
4.
A 3 MHz ultrasonic transducer was used to make pregnancy diagnoses in 320 milk and beef cows and heifers, on average 41 days after the last insemination. The ultrasound diagnostic findings were systematically confirmed by rectal palpation. Signs of pregnancy were detected as early as the 25th day after insemination. Discounting 16 doubtful results, the accuracy of positive diagnosis (94 per cent) was better than negative diagnosis (89.7 per cent). Ultrasound scanning could be used for the study of embryo mortality or for the determination of fetal age. 相似文献
5.
The use of ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis in the bitch 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
V M Shille J Gontarek 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1985,187(10):1021-1025
Twenty-three Greyhound bitches housed at 3 breeding kennels were examined for pregnancy via transabdominal palpation and ultrasonography. Pregnancy was timed from the calculated day of ovulation (day of ovulation = day when first pup was whelped--63), and from a single breeding date (day 0). Starting on day 10 after ovulation, 9 bitches were monitored every 3 days by ultrasonography only, to determine gestational vesicle sizes during gestation and the time when fetal movements and heartbeats could be first detected. The other 14 bitches were examined by ultrasonography and transabdominal palpation on the same day every week, starting on postovulation day 19, to compare the effectiveness of the 2 methods of pregnancy determination. Parturition was the final determinant of pregnancy status. The earliest correct diagnosis of pregnancy was at 18 days after ovulation, but fetal movements and heartbeat could not be identified until days 28 and 35, respectively. Estimation of fetal numbers by ultrasound or palpation was not reliable when there were more than four in the litter. Pregnancy and nonpregnancy were correctly determined by both methods in an increasingly greater number of bitches as gestation progressed, but ultrasonography was more accurate at all stages; on days 19 to 22, 26 to 30, 34 to 38, and greater than 40 after ovulation, correct diagnoses were made in 33%, 42%, 50%, and 75% of the bitches by palpation and in 42%, 67%, 75%, and 83% of the bitches by ultrasonography. The most common error was failure to detect pregnancy by palpation or ultrasonography in bitches with small litters and tense abdominal muscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
6.
J. Warland I. Amores‐Fuster W. Newbury M. Brearley J. Dobson 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2014,12(4):287-298
Current staging of canine mast cell tumours (MCTs) practiced by many veterinarians involves a minimum of lymph node (LN) assessment, abdominal ultrasound and thoracic radiography. Historically, some have advocated buffy coat and bone marrow evaluation. Two hundred and twenty dogs with MCT seen at a referral clinic were staged using LN palpation/cytology, thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasound. The utility of each method was evaluated by considering prevalence of spread and future behaviour. At presentation, 30.9% of dogs had metastases to the local LN; 6.8% of all the dogs also had distant metastases. No dog had or developed distant metastasis in the absence of LN metastasis. No dog had convincing evidence of pulmonary metastasis. In this series, the local LN was sentinel to metastasis and in the absence of local LN metastasis, the utility of further staging was low. Thoracic radiography was not useful in the staging of canine MCT. 相似文献
7.
Real-time, B-mode ultrasonography provides the opportunity to improve the methods of evaluation of ovarian function and diagnoses of pregnancy in beef cattle. Determination of the sex of a fetus early in pregnancy (d 55 to 85) and verification of embryo viability by monitoring fetal heartbeat are unique methods involving ultrasound scanning. These techniques and a method for evaluating the technique of artificial insemination can be used to improve reproductive management of cattle. The way in which ultrasound technology may have its greatest impact is as a tool for improving on the method of palpation per rectum for monitoring ovarian function and pregnancy in beef cows and heifers. Determination of fetal sex and monitoring embryo mortality are less likely to be applied regularly in herd management, but these procedures will be valuable in conducting research in reproductive physiology of beef cattle. 相似文献
8.
Fetal loss in the dog and cat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S D Johnston S Raksil 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1987,17(3):535-554
Occurrence and type (resorption, abortion, stillbirth, mummification) of pregnancy loss in the dog and cat depend on the cause of the loss and the stage of gestation at which it occurs. General categories of known causes of embryonic or fetal death in the dog and cat include chromosome and developmental abnormalities of the fetus, infectious agents, maternal endocrine abnormalities, trauma, exogenous drugs, uterine torsion, and dystocia. Diagnosis of fetal loss and of cause of fetal loss relies on the history, physical examination, abdominal radiography and ultrasonography, serology, hormone assay, and on culture, pathology, and karyotype of fetal/placental tissue. Aggressive diagnostics at the time of fetal loss are essential to preventive strategies at subsequent pregnancies. 相似文献
9.
A full-term ectopic pregnancy was diagnosed in a multiparous, captive gerenuk (Litocranius walleri walleri) following prolonged gestation without parturition. Until 213 days of gestation, fetal viability was determined by transabdominal ultrasound of fetal heartbeat, physical palpation, and visual observations of fetal movements. Survey abdominal radiographs obtained at day 229 of gestation revealed a fully mineralized fetal skeleton in an inappropriate position for parturition. Surgical exploration revealed a full-term, nonviable, male calf contained within fetal membranes attached to the omentum. Histologic examination of the fetal membranes identified lesions compatible with placenta-cotyledon separation occurring prior to surgical removal. No congenital fetal abnormalities or infectious processes were identified. Visual observation of the reproductive tract at the time of surgery revealed no abnormalities or evidence of concurrent pregnancy. 相似文献
10.
AIMS: To record the prevalence of gross abnormalities of the reproductive tract in culled New Zealand dairy cows, to determine how accurately farmers classify the pregnancy status of their animals and to establish if this was influenced by method of pregnancy diagnosis. METHODS: The reproductive tracts from 1134 cull dairy cows were examined after slaughter and evisceration for the presence of gross abnormalities, ovarian activity and pregnancy at a commercial abattoir. The farmers that had submitted these animals for slaughter were surveyed for information about the farm and herd from which each cow was derived and to establish whether the farmer believed each cow to be pregnant or not. The method that had been used to determine pregnancy status was recorded for each animal. RESULTS: Gross abnormalities were evident in 5.7% of reproductive tracts. Ovarian activity (presence of follicles 5 mm diameter and/or a corpus luteum) was apparent in 88% of non-pregnant cows. Pregnancy was detected in 39% of cows, of which 2.3% carried twins. The pregnancy status evident at slaughter varied from that reported by farmers in 7.0% of the 954 cows for which farmers were able to provide information. Of the cows that had been examined by palpation or ultrasound per rectum prior to slaughter, 10.3% that were recorded as non-pregnant by farmers were pregnant, and 3.2% of those recorded as pregnant were not. Of the cows that had not been examined, 3.8% of those recorded as nonpregnant by farmers were pregnant while 10.4% of those recorded as pregnant were not. There was no apparent association between gross genital tract abnormalities or ovarian activity and the misclassification of pregnancy status. Amongst cows that were pregnant at slaughter the foetus was significantly smaller in cows that had been recorded as 'not pregnant' after palpation or ultrasound examination than in cows that had been recorded as 'not pregnant' on the basis of farmer observation only. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of gross abnormalities of the reproductive tract was comparable to that reported in similar studies overseas. Farmer observation as a method of pregnancy detection overestimates pregnancy rate. Pregnancy status may be misclassified or misrecorded following palpation or ultrasound examination of cattle per rectum. Accurate classification of pregnancy status is dependent on the method and timing of pregnancy diagnosis and on minimising errors of diagnosis, cow identification and recording. 相似文献
11.
Sonographic diagnosis of early pregnancy in horses, cattle, sheep, goats, swine, dogs and cats. Standard values and limitations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
W K?hn J Fraunholz B Kaspar T Pyczak 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1990,103(6):206-211
Ultrasonography allows early and reliable pregnancy detection in several domestic animals. Transrectal sonography can be recommended in horses and cattle, transrectal or transcutaneous procedures in sheep, goats and pigs while transcutaneous ultrasound scanning is appropriate in dogs and cats. Three periods of time can be distinguished in the diagnosis of early pregnancy by ultrasound: the earliest phase, where signs of pregnancy can be found in some cases, but accuracy of diagnosis is very low; the succeeding period, where reliable diagnosis is possible, but results are often difficult to achieve and examination can be time consuming; the third phase in which ultrasound diagnosis is very accurate even under practice conditions and can be efficiently carried out on a large scale basis in breeding management. To achieve high accuracy in determining pregnancies a suitable ultrasound scanner with a good image quality and considerable expertise are required. Under field conditions ultrasonic pregnancy diagnosis should be possible: from Day 14 in the horse, from Day 25-28 in cattle, from Day 25 (transrectal), resp. 35 (transcutaneous) in sheep, goats and swine and from Day 24-25 (transcutaneous) in the dog and cat. Before this period of time reliable diagnosis is sometimes possible: between Day 11 and 13 in the horse, between Day 20 and 25 in cattle, between Day 20 and 25 (transrectal), resp. between Day 30 and 35 (transcutaneous) in sheep and goats, between Day 20 and 25 (transrectal) and Day 22 and 35 (transcutaneous) in swine and between Day 19-20 and 24-25 in the dog and cat. Earlier sonographic indications of pregnancy are not sufficiently reliable for large scale accurate pregnancy diagnosis. 相似文献
12.
J F Bentley S T Simpson J T Hathcock W R Brawner R D Powers 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,197(11):1498-1500
A metastatic thyroid solid-follicular carcinoma in the cervical portion of the spine was responsible for severe tetraparesis in a dog. Myelography revealed an extradural compressive lesion dorsal and to the right of the midline of C3. Histologic examination was used to diagnose the mass as a solid-follicular thyroid carcinoma. The primary tumor was not evident on cervical palpation or radiography. A dorsal laminectomy centered over C3 was performed, and all visible tumor was removed from the spine. The owner declined any further treatment for the dog. 相似文献
13.
Comparison of transcutaneous ultrasound over the right flank with transrectal ultrasound for pregnancy diagnosis in the dairy cow 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
JC Hunnam TJ Parkinson N Lopez-Villalobos S McDougall 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(8):318-322
Objective Evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of transrectal ultrasound and transcutaneous ultrasonography across the right flank between days 31 and 196 of pregnancy in the dairy cow.
Procedure Pregnancy status and stage of gestation at date of pregnancy diagnosis by transcutaneous and transrectal ultrasonography were determined for 1570 dairy cattle. Sensitivity and specificity values and probabilities of a correct diagnosis for both techniques were determined and compared. Possible effects of gestational age, herd, method of transcutaneous ultrasound diagnosis, cow age, cow and bull breed, and calf sex on the determination of a correct diagnosis of pregnancy status were evaluated for both techniques.
Results The overall sensitivity and probability of a correct diagnosis of pregnancy status from days 31 to 196 of gestation were significantly higher when using transrectal ultrasound relative to transcutaneous ultrasound over the right flank. However, the sensitivity of transcutaneous ultrasound changed over the course of pregnancy: it was low (7–8%) before day 84, increased to 89% between days 141 and 154, and was close to 100% thereafter. The specificity of both methods did not differ significantly. Herd and gestational age at date of pregnancy diagnosis were significantly associated with making a correct test result using transcutaneous ultrasound, although only the latter predictor was significantly associated with making a correct test result using transrectal ultrasound.
Conclusion Transcutaneous ultrasound can not be recommended as an accurate method for early pregnancy diagnosis in the dairy cow, particularly on a whole-herd basis. However, if pregnancy testing is undertaken in mid to late gestation, this technique could provide an accurate and rapid alternative to transrectal ultrasound or manual palpation per rectum. 相似文献
Procedure Pregnancy status and stage of gestation at date of pregnancy diagnosis by transcutaneous and transrectal ultrasonography were determined for 1570 dairy cattle. Sensitivity and specificity values and probabilities of a correct diagnosis for both techniques were determined and compared. Possible effects of gestational age, herd, method of transcutaneous ultrasound diagnosis, cow age, cow and bull breed, and calf sex on the determination of a correct diagnosis of pregnancy status were evaluated for both techniques.
Results The overall sensitivity and probability of a correct diagnosis of pregnancy status from days 31 to 196 of gestation were significantly higher when using transrectal ultrasound relative to transcutaneous ultrasound over the right flank. However, the sensitivity of transcutaneous ultrasound changed over the course of pregnancy: it was low (7–8%) before day 84, increased to 89% between days 141 and 154, and was close to 100% thereafter. The specificity of both methods did not differ significantly. Herd and gestational age at date of pregnancy diagnosis were significantly associated with making a correct test result using transcutaneous ultrasound, although only the latter predictor was significantly associated with making a correct test result using transrectal ultrasound.
Conclusion Transcutaneous ultrasound can not be recommended as an accurate method for early pregnancy diagnosis in the dairy cow, particularly on a whole-herd basis. However, if pregnancy testing is undertaken in mid to late gestation, this technique could provide an accurate and rapid alternative to transrectal ultrasound or manual palpation per rectum. 相似文献
14.
This paper presents quantitative results of canine pregnancy diagnoses performed by abdominal palpation and/or linear-array real-time echography. Each animal was first palpated by an experienced clinician and then another investigator performed ultrasound scanning using a 3 MHz transducer. In other dogs echography was undertaken only when the result of abdominal palpation was negative or doubtful or when the owner requested ultrasound scanning. Using all tests performed between days 20 and 49 of pregnancy (day 0 = day of first mating or insemination), the results of abdominal palpation (n = 116) versus real-time scanning (n = 135) were: sensitivity: 89.0% v 92.9%; specificity: 93% v 96.0%; positive predictive value: 95.6% v 97.5%; negative predictive value: 83.3% v 88.9%. Results of ultrasound tests performed in 97 other dogs were: sensitivity: 92.4%; specificity: 97.7%; positive predictive value: 98.0% and negative predictive value: 91.4%. Almost identical figures were found when only the tests performed between days 25 and 35 of pregnancy were included. It was concluded that real-time ultrasound scanning is an accurate method for discriminating between pregnant and non-pregnant bitches; sensitivity and specificity of the abdominal palpation technique executed by an experienced clinician approach that of ultrasound scanning; small litter size and lack of knowledge of conception date are the main sources of false negative diagnoses. 相似文献
15.
选取273头荷斯坦奶牛,在人工输精后的28d和75d分别采用牛妊娠相关糖蛋白(PAG)ELISA和直肠检查的方法进行妊娠诊断,比较PAG ELISA和直肠检查法的结果,旨在评价PAG ELISA对配种28d的奶牛进行早期妊娠诊断的准确性。结果表明,PAG ELISA法妊娠诊断的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性分别为100%、75.5%、86.5%、100%和90.5%,与75d直肠检查结果相同,可用于母牛的早期妊娠诊断。妊娠诊断对于母牛保胎、分群管理及提高繁殖效率等具有非常重要的意义。 相似文献
16.
Transcutaneous ultrasound over the right flank to diagnose mid- to late-pregnancy in the dairy cow 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Objective To investigate the practical application and image quality of transcutaneous ultrasonography across the right flank for the diagnosis of mid- to late-gestation in cattle.
Procedure Dairy cows of known pregnancy status were used to establish criteria for the identification of mid- to late-stage pregnancy by transcutaneous ultrasonography. Factors involved in the practical application of transcutaneous ultrasound for routine use in pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle were also examined.
Results Transcutaneous ultrasound, using a 3.5-MHz sector transducer applied over the caudodorsal right flank fold, allowed rapid and detailed visualisation of bovine pregnancy (i.e. fetus, fetal fluids, placentomes and/or fetal membranes) and could be used to establish criteria for the diagnosis of pregnancy. The commonly available cattle holding facilities of the herringbone dairy, rotary herringbone dairy, AI race or crush, and walk-through dairy all allow safe access to the right flank of a dairy or beef cow. However, transcutaneous scanning over the right flank is difficult in modern rotary turnstile dairies.
Conclusion A 3.5-MHz sector transducer applied over the caudodorsal right flank fold allows detailed visualisation of the bovine fetus in most types of cattle-holding facilities. Further investigation of the sensitivity and specificity of this technique over the entire gestation period and its possible use in ageing of the bovine fetus is merited. 相似文献
Procedure Dairy cows of known pregnancy status were used to establish criteria for the identification of mid- to late-stage pregnancy by transcutaneous ultrasonography. Factors involved in the practical application of transcutaneous ultrasound for routine use in pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle were also examined.
Results Transcutaneous ultrasound, using a 3.5-MHz sector transducer applied over the caudodorsal right flank fold, allowed rapid and detailed visualisation of bovine pregnancy (i.e. fetus, fetal fluids, placentomes and/or fetal membranes) and could be used to establish criteria for the diagnosis of pregnancy. The commonly available cattle holding facilities of the herringbone dairy, rotary herringbone dairy, AI race or crush, and walk-through dairy all allow safe access to the right flank of a dairy or beef cow. However, transcutaneous scanning over the right flank is difficult in modern rotary turnstile dairies.
Conclusion A 3.5-MHz sector transducer applied over the caudodorsal right flank fold allows detailed visualisation of the bovine fetus in most types of cattle-holding facilities. Further investigation of the sensitivity and specificity of this technique over the entire gestation period and its possible use in ageing of the bovine fetus is merited. 相似文献
17.
L. Gaschen DVM DR. Med. Vet. PhD P. Kircher DR. Med. Vet. G. Hoffmann DR. Med. Vet. N. Luckschander DR. Med. Vet. H. Schmoekel DR. Med. Vet. D. Spreng DR. Med. Vet. J. Lang PD DR. Med. Vet. 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2003,44(3):292-299
Endoscopic ultrasound was developed initially in humans to overcome limitations of conventional ultrasound in examining certain internal organs due to intervening bone or air-filled structures. Endoscopic ultrasound has been used most widely in investigation of the gastrointestinal tract in humans, but many intrathoracic applications as well as endoscopic ultrasound-guided techniques have recently been described. Mediastinal and pulmonary structures can be examined with endoscopic ultrasound since a high frequency ultrasound probe can be brought into close contact with the areas of interest via a transesophageal approach. The purpose of this report is to describe the application of endoscopic ultrasound as an aid in the diagnosis of intrathoracic disease in the dog. Two dogs, one with a history of prior esophageal foreign body extraction, the other with apathy, weakness and dyspnea were referred for further investigation. Both dogs had caudal intrathoracic soft tissue opacities diagnosed radiographically, but their origin and nature were difficult to determine. Conventional ultrasound was limiting in both dogs due to their location and superimposition of gas-filled structures. With endosonography lesions were characterized more completely. We have found endoscopic ultrasound to be an elegant diagnostic tool for the investigation of radiographically detected intrathoracic lesions in the dog whose origins are difficult to determine or do not lend themselves to investigation by conventional ultrasound. Endoscopic ultrasound provides valuable diagnostic information complementary to that provided radiographically which aids in therapeutic planning. Endoscopic ultrasound was also more sensitive for detecting mediastinal lymphadenomegaly than radiography in one of the dogs. An additional advantage of endoscopic ultrasound is the fact that US-guided tissue sampling can be performed during the examination. 相似文献
18.
Use of ultrasound in the reproductive management of dairy cattle 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Quintela LA Barrio M Peña AI Becerra JJ Cainzos J Herradón PG Díaz C 《Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene》2012,47(Z3):34-44
The significant decrease in fertility observed in dairy cattle during the last few decades and increasing requirements by the farmers have made a regular control of reproduction indispensable to urgently identify and solve potential problems affecting reproductive efficiency. Traditionally, the main diagnostic methods used for reproductive control in cattle included rectal palpation, inspection of vaginal discharge and vaginoscopy. Since the 1990 s, the use of ultrasound (US) has become a common diagnostic method as a result of the new advances made in the development of US scans: smaller size, high level of autonomy, high image quality and accessible prices. Ultrasound improves accuracy in the diagnoses of stages of the oestrous cycle, ovarian and uterine pathologies, and pregnancy diagnosis. In addition, it facilitates the diagnosis of alterations during pregnancy (embryo mortality, foetal malformations, etc.) and helps determining foetal sex from day 55 of pregnancy. 相似文献
19.
Summary This paper presents quantitative results of canine pregnancy diagnoses performed by abdominal palpation and/or linear‐array real‐time echography. Each animal was first palpated by an experienced clinician and then another investigator performed ultrasound scanning using a 3 MHz transducer. In other dogs echography was undertaken only when the result of abdominal palpation was negative or doubtful or when the owner requested ultrasound scanning. Using all tests performed between days 20 and 49 of pregnancy (day 0 = day of first mating or insemination), the results of abdominal palpation (n= 116) versus real‐time scanning (n = 135) were: sensitivity: 89.0% v 92.9%; specificity: 93% v 96.0%; positive predictive value: 95.6% v 97.5%; negative predictive value: 83.3% v 88.9%. Results of ultrasound tests performed in 97 other dogs were: sensitivity: 92.4%; specificity: 97.7%; positive predictive value: 98.0% and negative predictive value: 91.4%. Almost identical figures were found when only the tests performed between days 25 and 35 of pregnancy were included. It was concluded that 1) real‐time ultrasound scanning is an accurate method for discriminating between pregnant and non‐pregnant bitches; 2) sensitivity and specificity of the abdominal palpation technique executed by an experienced clinician approach that of ultrasound scanning; 3) small litter size and lack of knowledge of conception date are the main sources of false negative diagnoses. 相似文献
20.
Markay L. Isaac Kathy A. Spaulding Zachary J. Goodrich 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2015,56(3):E25-E30
A 17‐month‐old male Labrador retriever presented for evaluation of an abdominal mass felt during abdominal palpation. Multiple variably sized cystic masses were identified on sonographic and radiographic images. Exploratory laparotomy revealed multiple peritoneal masses that exhibited atypical contractions and lacked an identifiable organ of origin. Histology and immunohistochemistry of multiple surgically excised masses was consistent with benign tumors of smooth muscle origin (leiomyomas). The presence of multiple peritoneal leiomyomas in this dog is consistent with disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis. Two years after diagnosis and multiple surgical interventions, continual insidious enlargement of leiomyomas was identified on ultrasound and CT. 相似文献