共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
蛋鸡暗斑蛋形成机理的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国家禽》2016,(8)
蛋壳暗斑是一种蛋壳质量问题,主要是在内容物水分、蛋壳结构、环境等因素的相互作用下形成。文章综述了蛋壳暗斑的发生、分布、变化等规律,并从暗斑蛋蛋壳结构和基因变异等角度介绍了影响暗斑蛋形成的因素和可能导致暗斑蛋形成的原因。基于暗斑蛋蛋壳乳突层结构变异、蛋壳孔隙率增大、蛋壳基质蛋白含量增多、蛋鸡子宫部钙结合蛋白mRNA表达量的减少,蛋壳乳突层变异被认为可能是形成暗斑的根本原因。此外,近年来有研究证明,暗斑蛋的蛋壳膜厚度显著低于正常蛋,这可能是形成壳暗斑的一个重要因素。因此,关于蛋壳膜结构变异的研究还有待推进。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
试验选用56周龄新扬州鸡产蛋鸡150只,随机分为3个处理,每个处理5个重复,各重复10只.研究经腿肌注射0、200和400μg鸡甲状旁腺素基因质粒(pCEP4-PTH)对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋壳质量和血液部分激素的影响.试验结果表明,pCEP4-PTH基因质粒可改善蛋鸡生产性能;200μg注射量可显著改善蛋壳强度(P<0.05),400μg注射量对蛋壳质量影响不显著;pCEP4-PTH基因质粒可在蛋鸡体内良好表达,甲状旁腺素(PTH)水平均显著升高(P<0.05),且注射400 μg时达到极显著水平(P<0.01),注射400 μg pCEP4-PTH基因质粒具有促进内源降钙素(CT)和雌激素(E2)分泌的作用(P<0.05),因而不利于其生物学效应的发挥,两试验组骨钙素(BGP)与对照组差异不显著,提示生产性能和蛋壳质量的改善未对骨骼造成不良影响.pCEP4-PTH基因质粒可改善蛋鸡生产性能和蛋壳质量,且不影响骨骼质量. 相似文献
11.
鸡蛋壳质量与超微结构关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究使用常规方法测定蛋形指数、蛋壳相对重量、蛋壳强度和蛋壳厚度等蛋壳质量指标,使用X射线能谱仪测定蛋壳断面各层钙的相对含量,使用环境扫描电子显微镜观察蛋壳断面各层和内外表面的超微结构。结果表明:蛋壳强度与蛋壳相对重量、蛋壳强度与蛋壳厚度以及蛋壳相对重量与蛋壳厚度之间相关分别达到0.444(P<0.01)、0.700(P<0.01)和0.611(P<0.01),各相关系数不在同一水平。蛋壳各层钙的相对含量分别达到32.68%±8.62%、33.13%±6.58%和32.35%±.97%,之间差异不显著(P>0.05),几近匀质。环境扫描电子显微镜的观察发现不同强度的蛋壳,其各层和内外表面超微结构存在明显差异。由此得出:蛋壳超微结构的差异是蛋壳质量变化的重要影响因素。 相似文献
12.
1. The protein components of the domestic fowl's eggshell are believed to influence appreciably the mechanical properties of the shell and/or its biomineralisation. The purpose of this study was to compare the protein species composing the eggshell matrix in different parts of the shell structure, by SDS-PAGE and chromatography, utilising eggshell cleaned by different methodologies. 2. Protein species were identified whose absence was associated with the removal of the mammillary knobs. In particular, a prominent 81 kDa protein, as well as 38 and 54 kDa calcium-binding proteins, were concentrated within the mammillary layer, as was a 129 kDa insoluble protein. By contrast, soluble proteins of 54, 33, 22, and 14 kDa were enriched in the palisade layer. 3. Our results demonstrate that the mineralised layers of the fowl's eggshell possess a complex array of distinct proteins. The different proteins which have been detected in the mammillary and palisade layers may be related to the distinct crystallisation patterns of calcium carbonate in these zones of the eggshell. 相似文献
13.
M Panheleux M Bain M S Fernandez I Morales J Gautron J L Arias S E Solomon M Hincke Y Nys 《British poultry science》1999,40(2):240-252
1. The avian eggshell is a biomineralised composite ceramic consisting of calcium carbonate embedded in an organic matrix. Matrix components are supposed to be involved in the control of mineralisation, crystallographic texture and biomechanical properties of eggshell. 2. The structure and eggshell matrix composition of various domesticated bird species were compared to gain insight into the universality of the eggshell mineralisation process. 3. The SDS-PAGE profiles of soluble eggshell matrix were specific within groups of birds (a: laying hen, breeder hen, quail, pheasant and possibly turkey; b: guinea fowl; c: duck and goose) but some of the protein bands were common to all groups. 4. Analogies between species were confirmed by Western blotting using hen protein antibodies. Ovocleidin-17 (OC-17) and ovalbumin were revealed in all species (except quail for OC-17). Lysozyme was present only in hen eggshell. Another egg white protein: ovotransferrin showed a positive signal in hens, turkey and quail. Osteopontin was observed in laying and breeder hens and quail. 5. Different proteoglycans were localised to discrete regions within the eggshell. Dermatan sulphate was observed within the matrix of the calcified shell of all species except quail which contained chondroitin-6-sulfate. Keratan sulphate was observed in mammillary bodies of breeder and laying hen, quail, pheasant and turkey while chondroitin sulphate was also present in guinea fowl and duck. 6. The general structural organisation of the different avian eggshells was similar but specific differences were observed in the ultrastructure of the mammillary layer. Species of the same taxonomic family could be grouped according to their structural analogies: breeder hen, turkey and pheasant resembled that of the domestic fowl. Guinea fowl was unique. Goose and duck were quite similar with large and confluent mammillary bodies. 7. Some matrix components are therefore common to eggshells of various species but more information is needed to relate differences in matrix composition between taxonomic groups with differences in ultrastructure. 相似文献
14.
Ahmed AM Rodriguez-Navarro AB Vidal ML Gautron J García-Ruiz JM Nys Y 《British poultry science》2005,46(3):268-279
The effect of moult on eggshell mechanical properties, on composition and concentrations of organic matrix components and on eggshell microstructure was investigated. The observed changes were studied to understand the role of organic matrix and eggshell microstructure in eggshell strength. Moult was induced by zinc oxide (20 g zinc/kg diet) in 53 ISA Brown laying hens at 78 weeks of age. No difference was observed for egg or eggshell weights after moult. In contrast, moult improved the shell breaking strength (28.09 vs 33.71 N). After moult, there was a decrease in the average size of calcite crystals composing the eggshell and in their heterogeneity, whereas crystal orientation remained basically the same. After moulting, the total protein concentration in eggshell increased slightly. The comparisons of SDS-PAGE profiles of the organic matrix constituents extracted before and after moulting showed changes in staining intensity of certain bands. After moult, bands associated with main proteins specific to eggshell formation (OC-116 and OC-17) showed higher staining intensity, while the intensity of the egg white proteins (ovotransferrin, ovalbumin and lysozyme) decreased. ELISA confirmed the decrease in ovotransferrin after moult. Its concentration was inversely correlated with breaking strength before moult. These observations suggest that changes in eggshell crystal size could be due to changes in organic matrix composition. These changes may provide a mechanism for the improvement in shell solidity after moulting. 相似文献
15.
矿物质元素和维生素对鸡蛋壳颜色的影响及其可能机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
蛋壳颜色与鸡蛋自身营养没有直接关系,但是蛋壳颜色会影响鸡蛋的销售,也能一定程度反映蛋鸡的健康状态和鸡蛋品质。蛋壳色素主要由原卟啉Ⅸ、胆绿素及其螯合物等3种成分组成。虽然蛋壳颜色具有较高的遗传力,受多个基因共同调控,但是饲料营养素也可以影响蛋壳颜色。本文介绍了蛋壳色素的形成过程,并综述了部分矿物质及维生素等营养素对蛋壳颜色的影响并分析其可能机制,为进一步研究蛋壳色素形成和变化的机制及通过微量营养素调控蛋壳颜色提供了一定思路。 相似文献
16.
为探究溶质载体家族4成员9（solute carrier family 4 member 9,SLC4A9）基因的表达量及其多态性对鸭蛋壳品质的遗传效应,试验采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测SLC4A9基因在三穗鸭不同组织中的表达水平,采用PCR产物直接测序法筛查三穗鸭SLC4A9基因的SNP位点,并分析SNP位点对三穗鸭蛋壳品质的遗传效应。结果显示,SLC4A9基因mRNA在三穗鸭10个组织中均有不同程度表达,其中在心脏和胰腺中为高度特异性表达,肾脏中为中度表达,其他为低度表达。试验共检测到10个SNPs位点,其中3个位于外显子上（g.6803 C>T、g.7065 C>T和g.7089 C>G）,且均为错义突变,7个位于内含子上（g.7162 C>G、g.11044 G>A、g.11090 T>C、g.11234 C>T、g.11261 C>T、g.11349 C>T和g.11403 G>A）,其中g.6803 C>T位点突变导致丙氨酸（GCG）变为缬氨酸（GTG）;g.7065 C>T位点突变导致丙氨酸（GCC）变为缬氨酸（GTC）;g.7089 C>G位点突变导致丙氨酸（GCA）变为甘氨酸（GGA）。χ2检验结果显示,g.6803 C>T、g.11090 T>C和g.11349 C>T突变位点的基因型分布均偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P<0.05）,其余位点的基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P>0.05）。关联分析结果表明,g.11349 C>T位点的CC和CT基因型蛋壳强度显著高于TT基因型（P<0.05）。综上,SLC4A9基因的10个SNPs位点均对三穗鸭的蛋壳品质产生影响,其中g.11349 C>T位点达到了显著水平,可为蛋鸭蛋壳品质的改善及遗传标记提供参考依据。 相似文献
17.
蛋壳质量与元素组成、超微结构关系的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为探寻蛋壳质量与元素组成、超微结构的关系,分别用常规方法和X射线能谱仪测定了同日产65枚蛋的蛋壳质量、蛋壳结构属性与蛋壳元素相对含量,并用环境扫描电子显微镜观察蛋壳超微结构.结果表明,不同强度蛋壳元素相对含量差异不显著,而蛋壳乳突层有效厚度和乳突间隙组间差异显著,高强度组乳突层有效厚度和乳突间隙分别比中强组低23.01%(P<0.01)和14.94%(P<0.05)、比低强度组低73.43%(P<0.01)和25.06%(P<0.05).由此得出,蛋壳超微结构致密度直接影响蛋壳质量,而蛋壳元素组成与蛋壳质量间则无显著关联. 相似文献
18.
19.
采用单因子随机化设计,将所选的378只体质健康的47周龄海塞克斯褐蛋鸡随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复21只。第1~6组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上分别添加牛磺酸0,20,40,80,160,320 mg/kg。以谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、超氧化物歧化酶酶活(SOD)和甲状腺激素(T3、T4)的含量作为血清生化指标,以破壳软壳蛋数、蛋壳钙含量作为蛋壳质量的评定指标,以此来研究牛磺酸是否能提高中后期蛋鸡的蛋壳质量,为牛磺酸在蛋鸡中的应用提供理论基础。结果表明中后期蛋鸡日粮中添加不同水平的牛磺酸,可以提高中后期蛋鸡全血中GSH-PX、血清中SOD两种酶的酶活;提高了血清中的T3含量,降低T4含量;提高了蛋壳钙含量和降低破壳蛋数。 相似文献