共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Jiang YN Wu CY Huang CY Chu HP Ke MW Kung MS Li KY Wang CH Li SH Wang Y Ju YT 《Journal of animal science》2008,86(10):2461-2470
The Lanyu pig is an indigenous breed from the Lanyu Islet, which is southeast of Taiwan. Two herds of Lanyu pigs were introduced from the Lanyu Islet into Taiwan in 1975 and 1980. The current population of conserved Lanyu pigs consists of only 44 animals with unknown genetic lineage. The Lanyu pig possesses a distinct maternal genetic lineage remote from Asian and European pigs. The present study aimed to understand the phylogenetic relationship among conserved Lanyu, Asian, and European type pigs based on the cytochrome b coding gene, to ascertain the maternal lineage and genetic diversity within the conserved Lanyu pigs, and to address whether genetic introgression from exotic or Formosan wild pigs had occurred in the conserved Lanyu pigs. Entire mitochondrial genomes of both types of Lanyu pig comprised 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA, and 13 protein-coding genes. Only 2 haplotypes of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and cytochrome b were identified in the conserved Lanyu pig herds. When maximum likelihood trees were constructed, the Type I Lanyu mitochondrial genes formed a unique clade with a large pairwise distance of both cytochrome b and the control region from Asian and European type breeds, Formosan wild pigs, and exotic breeds. Significant loss of genetic diversity of mtDNA within the conserved Lanyu pigs was demonstrated by low haplotype and nucleotide diversities, supported by Fu and Li's D* neutrality test (1.44055; P < 0.05). The mtDNA control region sequences of extant pigs in the Lanyu Islet, however, showed high haplotype and nucleotide diversity, and clustered with exotic pigs. These results indicate no maternal lineage mtD-NA gene introgression from Formosan wild pigs and introduced exotic pigs to conserved Type I Lanyu pigs, and a severe loss of heterozygosity of mtDNA in conserved Lanyu pigs. The remaining extant pigs on the Lanyu Islet have been introgressed with exotic breeds. Strategies for future conservation of native Lanyu pigs are now even more urgent and important. 相似文献
2.
An investigation was undertaken of some haematological characteristics of one indigenous and five exotic breeds of pigs kept on a farm in the hot, humid climate of Ibadan, Nigeria. The total white blood cell counts were not affected by breed and sex but the other parameters exhibited various degrees of response to these two variables, the males of each breed tending to have higher values than the females. The indigenous pigs generally had higher values than the exotic breeds. Of the latter, only the Landrace and Large White had haematological values somewhat similar to those of the West African indigenous pig. This suggests that the Landrace and Large White breeds may be more suited than the other exotic breeds investigated to the climatic conditions prevalent in Ibadan. 相似文献
3.
4.
Chang WH Chu HP Jiang YN Li SH Wang Y Chen CH Chen KJ Lin CY Ju YT 《Journal of animal science》2009,87(1):1-8
The Lanyu pig is an indigenous miniature pig breed on Lanyu Islet near Taiwan, with a mitochondrial DNA genetic lineage remote from Asian and European pig breeds. The unknown population genetic structure and increased inbreeding among the small population of conserved Lanyu pigs is now of great conservation concern. Additionally, the presence for more than a century of exotic pig breeds in Taiwan has made gene introgression from exotic pig breeds into Lanyu pigs very possible. The present study thus aimed to investigate nuclear genetic variation within the conserved Lanyu pigs and the phylogenetic relationship and possible genetic introgression between Lanyu and exotic pig breeds by determining the polymorphism of 19 microsatellite loci. In the neighbor-joining tree constructed from 7 pig breeds based on Cavalli-Sforza and Edward chord genetic distances, 3 major clades were recognized, in which the Asian and European breeds were separately clustered into 2 clades with a 93.0 and 99.9% bootstrap confidence value, respectively. All individuals of the Lanyu breed formed a unique subclade within the Asian clade based on the distance of the proportion of shared alleles, -ln(ps), suggesting that the Lanyu breed possesses a unique nuclear genetic structure and that no nuclear gene introgression from exotic breeds into the conserved Lanyu pigs has occurred in recent history. Fifteen of 19 microsatellite loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (by Wright's statistic), suggesting a significant loss of heterozygosity in the conserved population. The valuable nuclear genetic structure and phylogenetic information should assist future conservation and population management of Lanyu pigs. 相似文献
5.
用BLUE法评定猪繁殖性能的杂交效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张周平 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》1992,22(4):22-24,30
用BLUE法分析了青海省养猪繁育体系中母本互助猪,父本杜洛克、长白、汉普夏、大约克、巴克夏、苏白猪和二、三元杂交猪的繁殖效果。结果表明:不同品种和不同杂交组合的繁殖性状之间有明显差异(P<0.05或P<0.01);三元杂交组合的多数繁殖性状极显著的优于纯种亲本,显著优于二元杂交组合,而二元杂交组合也显著优于纯亲本;互助猪产仔数显著高于瘦肉型父本,而瘦肉型父本在改良仔猪生长发育方面则有明显优势。说明我省以三元杂交为主建立养猪繁育体系是适当的,但应注意提高互助猪早期生长发育性能,才能表现出更大的杂种优势。 相似文献
6.
Jozsef RáTKY Istvan EGERSZEGI Peter TOTH Soukanh KEONUCHAN Takashi NAGAI Kazuhiro KIKUCHI Noboru MANABE Klaus-Peter BRüSSOW 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(5):437-441
Worldwide, only a few “fatty” pig breeds exist with different and/or regional
utilization. Using the Hungarian Mangalica, which almost went extinct in Europe and the
Lao Moo Lat pig, which still has a large population in South-East Asia as exemples, we
wanted to demonstrate that indigenous (fatty) pig breeds may represent both national value
and tremendous economic potential. Since these less prolific and less productive breeds
cannot contribute to mass production, new market roles and methods should be established
for them in the premium segment of pork trading. Thus their preservation and propagation
needs the comprehensive collaboration of commercial, governmental actors and researchers.
Briefly summarizing the history, we report the current results of reproductive physiology
research. The commercial renaissance of Mangalica pigs is indebted to the enthusiastic
efforts of basic scientists, pig breeding experts and dedicated Mangalica producers.
Scientific achievements were applied to practical breeding and production of delicious
pork and processed products, which ultimately made the economic success in the Mangalica
sector possible. Both, research on and utilization of endangered (pig) breeds maintain not
only breed diversities, but also may improve the livelihood of farmers worldwide. 相似文献
7.
Improving production efficiency in the presence of genotype by environment interactions in pig genomic selection breeding programmes 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 We simulated a genomic selection pig breeding schemes containing nucleus and production herds to improve feed efficiency of production pigs that were cross‐breed. Elite nucleus herds had access to high‐quality feed, and production herds were fed low‐quality feed. Feed efficiency in the nucleus herds had a heritability of 0.3 and 0.25 in the production herds. It was assumed the genetic relationships between feed efficiency in the nucleus and production were low (rg = 0.2), medium (rg = 0.5) and high (rg = 0.8). In our alternative breeding schemes, different proportion of production animals were recorded for feed efficiency and genotyped with high‐density panel of genetic markers. Genomic breeding value of the selection candidates for feed efficiency was estimated based on three different approaches. In one approach, genomic breeding value was estimated including nucleus animals in the reference population. In the second approach, the reference population was containing a mixture of nucleus and production animals. In the third approach, the reference population was only consisting of production herds. Using a mixture reference population, we generated 40–115% more genetic gain in the production environment as compared to only using nucleus reference population that were fed high‐quality feed sources when the production animals were offspring of the nucleus animals. When the production animals were grand offspring of the nucleus animals, 43–104% more genetic gain was generated. Similarly, a higher genetic gain generated in the production environment when mixed reference population was used as compared to only using production animals. This was up to 19 and 14% when the production animals were offspring and grand offspring of nucleus animals, respectively. Therefore, in genomic selection pig breeding programmes, feed efficiency traits could be improved by properly designing the reference population. 相似文献
8.
An investigation was undertaken of some haematological characteristics of one indigenous and five exotic breeds of pigs kept on a farm in the hot, humid climate of Ibadan, Nigeria. The total white blood cell counts were not affected by breed and sex but the other parameters exhibited various degrees of response to these two variables, the males of each breed tending to have higher values than the females. The indigenous pigs generally had higher values than the exotic breeds. Of the latter, only the Landrace and Large White had haematological values somewhat similar to those of the West African indigenous pig. This suggests that the Landrace and Large White breeds may be more suited than the other exotic breeds investigated to the climatic conditions prevalent in Ibadan. 相似文献
9.
10.
11个猪种SLC6A14基因3个SNPs的群体遗传变异研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究旨在了解猪种的遗传变异、种群间的亲缘关系和遗传分化。以白色杜洛克×二花脸资源家系F0代的17头二花脸母猪和2头白色杜洛克公猪的DNA池为模板,通过直接测序在猪SLC6A14基因内识别4个SNPs,以3个突变位点(g.7944AT、c.1438GA、g.21063GT)为基础,通过PCR-RFLP技术,对11个中外猪种进行多态性检测。结果表明:在SLC6A14g.7944AT和g.21063GT2个突变位点上,所有检测猪种都出现变异,其中槐猪、二花脸猪在g.7944AT位点上变异显著(0.01P0.05);而里岔黑猪、槐猪、玉山黑猪、合作藏猪、八眉猪在g.21063GT内变异极显著(P0.01),以GT基因型为主,且二花脸猪中出现TT基因型;在SLC6A14c.1438GA突变位点上,3个欧洲猪种(长白、大白、杜洛克)没有出现变异,均为GG纯合型,而其他猪种在此位点上均存在变异;再根据11个猪种3个位点的多态性信息计算Nei氏遗传距离,由UPGMA法构建聚类图,说明中国地方猪种与外引猪种存在明显的遗传分化;由此得出中国地方猪种比外引猪种有高的遗传多样性和变异,且存在明显的遗传分化,品种间多数猪种符合品种地域分布和品种特性。 相似文献
11.
12.
3个地方品种猪血液生化指标分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解中国地方猪种的血液生化指标,试验用Monarch660全自动生化分析仪检测了通城猪、陆川猪和宁乡猪3个地方猪种24项血液生化指标,统计结果表明,3个品种间有6项指标差异极显著(P＜0.01),通城猪和宁乡猪间有4项指标差异不显著(P＞0.05),陆川猪和宁乡猪间有3项指标差异不显著(P＞0.05)。通过3个地方猪品种间同一指标的比较,以及与人参考值、中国小型猪品种、其他地方猪品种和国外引进猪品种比较,为中国地方猪品种资源的合理保护和利用提供科学依据。 相似文献
13.
Production Objectives and Management Strategies of Livestock Keepers in South-East Kenya: Implications for a Breeding Programme 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A survey of pastoralist and agropastoralist households in south-east Kenya was conducted to determine their production objectives
and management strategies in order to optimize and extend a breeding programme for indigenous small East African Shorthorn
Zebu cattle. The reasons for keeping cattle and the breed/trait preferences identified reflect the multiple objectives of
the livestock keepers, with both adaptive traits and productive/reproductive traits rated as important. Although the Maasai
and Kamba zebu (M&KZ) breeds were ranked highly with regard to adaptive traits, the population is considered to have been
in decline over recent years. In order to promote the conservation and sustainable use of the M&KZ cattle, the formation of
an open nucleus breeding scheme is recommended. In particular, such a scheme would be able to address several existing constraints
(e.g. individual herds are very small and communal use of pastures/water makes controlled mating difficult). Such interventions
would require the full participation of the livestock keepers, as well as ensuring that a holistic approach to species and
breed attributes is taken into account in setting breeding goals, such that the full array of contributions that livestock
make to livelihoods and the genetic characteristics related to these contributions are fully incorporated into the programme. 相似文献
14.
非洲猪瘟导致能繁母猪产能断崖式下降，二元母猪价格居高不下，产能严重不足，而频繁引种不利于疫情防控，这给我国养猪业带来了前所未有的挑战。为快速恢复生猪产能，三元商品猪被迫留为种用；然而，三元母猪繁殖性能较差，如果选留、选配等管理措施不当会进一步降低其繁殖性能。文章针对这些问题介绍了非洲猪瘟对我国养猪业的影响，重点分析了杂种母猪的利用原理以及三元母猪的轮回杂交闭群繁育选配策略，期望实现三元母猪的种用价值最大化，提高商品猪养殖的经济效益，促进生猪产业的可持续性发展。 相似文献
15.
以松辽黑猪和大白猪为研究对象,在70日龄时采集血液测定白细胞总数、血清IgG、IL-12、IFN-γ含量及中性粒细胞NBT还原力等免疫指标,并测定了猪初生重、断奶重、下网重及180日龄重、180日龄背膘厚、眼肌面积等生产性能指标。结果表明,白细胞总数、中性粒细胞NBT还原力、外周血单个核细胞培养上清IL-12含量和单个核细胞培养上清IFN-γ含量在松辽黑猪和大白猪间差异不显著（P＞0.05）;松辽黑猪血清IgG含量显著高于大白猪（P＜0.05）,IL-12和IFN-γ含量极显著高于大白猪（P＜0.01）;松辽黑猪和大白猪初生重、断奶重、下网重、180日龄背膘厚差异不显著（P＞0.05）,大白猪180日龄体重极显著高于松辽黑猪（P＜0.01）。本试验结果为揭示中外猪种抗病力差异的免疫学机理提供了参考资料。 相似文献
16.
Tinyiko Edward Halimani Farai C. Muchadeyi Michael Chimonyo Kennedy Dzama 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,45(1):81-90
Purpose and methods
In situ conservation of pig genetic resources requires understanding of the farming systems under which the pigs are kept. The objective of the study was to characterise smallholder pig production systems where indigenous pigs are kept in order to assess opportunities for in situ conservation of these pigs. Factors influencing pig herd sizes, ranking of pigs in smallholder production systems, breeds and breed preferences, pig ownership patterns, traits preferred by farmers and constraints to production were investigated in a survey involving 199 farmers from Chirimhanzu District of Zimbabwe, Vhembe, Alfred Nzo and O. R. Tambo Districts of South Africa.Results
Income was the major factor influencing most pig production related parameters. Most pigs (69.67 %) were owned by women, with most of the women falling into the very low income group. Farmers kept pigs for several reasons that were common across geographical zones and income groups. The odds of a farmer ranking pigs first in the production system depended on the absence of other livestock (P?<?0.05). Farmers in the higher income group tended to mention poor feed resources and access to information as constraints (P?<?0.05) compared to the very low income group. There was preference heterogeneity in the breeds kept and the reasons for breed choice across the income groups and geographical zones. Fewer farmers in the very low income group (42.62 %) recognised the need to conserve local pigs compared to the low income group (80.49 %), the medium income group (50.00 %) and the high income group (100.00 %; χ 2?=?19.14; P?<?0.001).Conclusions
It was concluded that farmers see value in local pigs and are willing to conserve them. In situ conservation programmes are possible and these should recognise the role of poor women in conserving and enhancing indigenous pig genetic resources. 相似文献17.
A static, deterministic computer model, programmed in Microsoft Basic for IBM PC and Apple Macintosh computers, was developed to calculate production efficiency (cost per kg of product) for nine alternative types of crossbreeding system involving four breeds of swine. The model simulates efficiencies for four purebred and 60 alternative two-, three- and four-breed rotation, rotaterminal, backcross and static cross systems. Crossbreeding systems were defined as including all purebred, crossbred and commercial matings necessary to maintain a total of 10,000 farrowings. Driving variables for the model are mean conception rate at first service and for an 8-wk breeding season, litter size born, preweaning survival rate, postweaning average daily gain, feed-to-gain ratio and carcass backfat. Predictions are computed using breed direct genetic and maternal effects for the four breeds, plus individual, maternal and paternal specific heterosis values, input by the user. Inputs required to calculate the number of females farrowing in each sub-system include the proportion of males and females replaced each breeding cycle in purebred and crossbred populations, the proportion of male and female offspring in seedstock herds that become breeding animals, and the number of females per boar. Inputs required to calculate the efficiency of terminal production (cost-to-product ratio) for each sub-system include breeding herd feed intake, gilt development costs, feed costs and labor and overhead costs. Crossbreeding system efficiency is calculated as the weighted average of sub-system cost-to-product ratio values, weighting by the number of females farrowing in each sub-system. 相似文献
18.
Naohiko OKUMURA Toshimi MATSUMOTO Noriyuki HAMASIMA Takashi AWATA 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(3):303-313
Here, we report the variability in the KIT tyrosine kinase receptor and its ligand KITLG genes by determining single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 384 individuals including 11 pig breeds, two synthetic-line cross pigs, two cross breeds, and one Japanese wild boar. SNPs and indels within the coding sequence regions of KITLG and KIT and their 5'-flanking regions were detected by aligning sequences from eight pigs, and subsequently the SNPs were genotyped using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-MS). Principal component analysis using allele frequencies in the SNP locus showed a distant relationship between Asian and Euro-American pig groups, except for Berkshire and Tokyo X breeds. These breeds were located within the mid-portion of the distribution in the first principal component. The Hampshire breed was distant from the other pig groups on the axis of the second principal component. Haplotype frequencies that were deduced using non-synonymous substitutions of the KIT gene revealed the uniqueness of Landrace, Large White, Middle White, and three-way cross pigs (LWD) and of the Hampshire breed. On the other hand, the haplotypes of KITLG and KIT detected in the Berkshire breed were prevalent in Asian pig groups. This tendency is different from that observed in other Euro-American pig breeds. 相似文献
19.
20.
文章简要介绍了沙子岭猪优良遗传特性，总结了湘潭坚持持续保种的成功经验，重点分析了利用沙子岭猪和引入品种进行杂交优势利用和新品种配套系培育所取得的种质创新成果。提出了应持续保护沙子岭猪种质资源；利用现代生物育种技术创制新品种；健全繁育推广体系，加快育种成果转化；强化疫情防控，确保育种生物安全的观点。 相似文献