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1.
通过测定土壤有机质、全氟、水解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量、土壤ＰＨ值，转化酶和过氧化氢酶活性等指标，研究杉木枫香混交林的土壤化学性质和酶活性。结果表明：以枫香纯林最好，杉木枫香２：１和３：１混交林次之，杉木纯林最差。 相似文献
2.
为了解造林后杉木林地土壤肥力的变化情况及施肥对林地土壤肥力的影响，经对杉木中心产区土壤肥力中等的杉木林地设固定样地，进行了土壤肥力的监测研究。结果表明，杉木林地施肥后土壤的理化性质得到了改善。施肥后第２年，土壤的含Ｐ量，Ｐ２和Ｐ２Ｋ１处理分别比对照提高了１３％和２１％，而Ｐ２Ｋ１处理的速效和缓效Ｋ比对照提高２０％和１９．５％；施肥后第４年其含Ｐ量分别大２５％和２８％；而Ｐ２Ｋ１处理的速效和缓效Ｋ比 相似文献
3.
杉木林地和根际土壤酚类物质分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了解杉木林地和根际土壤酚类物质的含量与动态变化，同时也为了和阔叶林地及连栽林地进行比较，作者采样分析了杉木１代、２代以及檫树林地林间和根际土壤的酚类物质。结果显示：①杉木榨树两林木根际土壤总酚含量均显著高于其林间土壤，Ｒ／Ｓ植平均是１．６１和１．６７，但两种林木之间无论是根际土壤还是林间土壤总酚含量无明显不同；②杉木根际土壤游离酚含量显著高于檫树根际土，平均是檫树根际土的１１．９倍；③从１年的动 相似文献
4.
杉木林地土壤肥力观测初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解造林后杉木林地土壤肥力的变化情况及施肥对林地土壤肥力的影响,经对杉木中心产区土壤肥力中等的杉木林地设固定样地,进行土壤肥力的观测研究。结果表明,杉木林地施肥后土壤的理化性质得到了明显的改善。施肥后第２年,土壤的含Ｐ量,Ｐ２和Ｐ２Ｋ１处理分别比对照提高了１３％和２１％,而Ｐ２Ｋ１处理的速效和缓效Ｋ比对照提高了２０％和１９５％;施肥后第４年其含Ｐ量分别高２５％和２８％,而Ｐ２Ｋ１处理的速效和缓效Ｋ比对照提高了２１％和２９％;造林后,随着林龄的增加杉木林地的土壤肥力呈逐年下降的趋势。造林５年后,离树干距离４０ｃｍ的土壤含Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ肥的下降比例较树干距离８０ｃｍ的低。 相似文献
5.
肉桂人工林土壤速效养分与酶活性的季节变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了广西高峰林场林龄为3年和6年的肉桂人工林土壤速效养分(水解N、速效P、速效K)和土壤酶活性(过氧化氢酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶)的季节变化规律及其相互关系。结果表明：两种林地土壤速效养分含量和土壤酶话性均表现出明显的季节动态．：E壤速效N、P、K含量和L壤脲酶活性均以肉桂生长初期(3月中旬)最高．其次是第一个生长高峰期(6月中旬)或第二个生长高峰期(9月中旬)，最低是生长未期(12月中旬)；而土壤过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性以第一个生长高峰期或第二个生长高峰期最高．其次是生长初期,最低是生长末期；士壤速效养分与土壤酶活性的季节变化密切相关。因此，生长初期至第一个生长高峰期是肉桂林地施用N、P、K肥的适当时期。 相似文献
6.
为探讨湖南会同第2代杉木人工林林地土壤质量状况,研究了林地土壤酶活性特点及其与土壤肥力的关系.结果表明：随着第2代杉木林林分年龄的增长,土壤酶活性呈递减趋势;土壤酶活性随土壤深度增加而下降,0-30 cm土层中的酶活性明显高于30-60 cm土层;立地条件不同,土壤酶活性也不同,山顶和山脊土壤酶活性明显低于山腰,而山腰又低于山洼,自然恢复杉木林地（Ⅶ区）的土壤酶活性明显高于20年生的第2代杉木人工林地（Ⅲ区）;各种土壤酶活性夏季最高,其它季节酶活性因不同酶而异,土壤酶活性与土壤其它肥力因素的关系密切,林地土壤中各种酶活性之间共同作用影响土壤养分状况. 相似文献
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8.
系统研究和分析了不同代、不同发育阶段杉木林的土壤物理性质、化学性质和生物特性的变化过程,揭示了杉木人工林随着栽植代数增加(2～3代),土壤物理性质变劣,pH值下降,养分含量降低,速效P和水解N的下降尤为明显,微生物区系及酶活性也朝着生物活性下降的方向变化,也反映出杉木人工林不同发育阶段土壤肥力的差别。一般从幼龄林到中龄林土壤肥力呈下降趋势,到了成熟林阶段土壤肥力稍有上升,但不能恢复到原来的状态。在现行栽培制度下,杉木人工林连作能导致土壤功能衰退,这是杉木人工林不能保持长期生产力的主要原因之一。 相似文献
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10.
杉木林采伐迹地连栽和撂荒对林地土壤养分与酶活性的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
研究湖南会同连栽第2代杉木人工纯林和撂荒对第1代杉木人工林采伐迹地土壤养分与酶活性的影响.结果表明:0～30 cm和30～60 cm土层中,撂荒地土壤有机质、养分含量普遍高于连栽杉木人工林地,且腐殖质碳、有效磷含量的差异均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01),全磷含量在0～30 cm土层中的差异达到显著水平(P＜0.05).0～30 cm土层中,撂荒地过氧化氢酶活性极显著高于连栽杉木人工林地(P＜0.01),磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性均显著高于连栽杉木人工林地(P＜0.05),30～60 cm土层中,撂荒地过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶活性也显著高于杉木人工林地(P＜0.05),磷酸酶和脲酶活性也高于连栽杉木人工林地,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).林地土壤过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性与土壤有机质、养分含量之间均呈较好的正相关,而且与水解氮、速效磷、腐殖质碳的相关性高于其与有机质的相关性.主成分分析表明,土壤酶活性在林地土壤质量体系中扮演着重要角色,其中脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶可作为林地土壤质量评价的指标.撂荒具有更好地恢复土壤养分含量和酶活性的能力,对维持杉木人工林地持续生产力有着重要作用. 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
15.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
18.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
19.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):139-149
Mean age, mean and top heights and yield were studied in 20 mixed stands of birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth) and Picea abies (L.) Karst. and nine mixed stands of birch and Pinus sylvestris L. in south-eastern Norway. Each mixed stand and the adjacent pure coniferous stand (control) were growing under the same site conditions and had not been commercially thinned. There were no significant differences in mean age at breast height or in top heights between birch and conifers in the mixed stands, while mean height was significantly higher for birch than for spruce. A growth index was calculated based on total volume and age at breast height. For the spruce sites the growth in young mixed stands (birch < 17 m) was superior to that of pure spruce, while the difference was insignificant in older stands. The growth index correlated positively with the ratio between generatively and vegetatively regenerated birch trees, and negatively with the age of the oldest species in the mixture and with site quality. For the pine sites there was no significant difference in the growth index between mixed birch-pine and pure pine stands. A mixture effect of birch on the volume yield of spruce or pine could not be demonstrated. 相似文献
20.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):150-157
An outbreak of the needle-shortening pine gall midge, Thecodiplosis brachyntera , occurred on Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (L.) and lodgepole pine, P. contorta (Dougl.) in central Sweden during 1995-1998. The larval feeding of T. brachyntera kills current-year needles and heavy infestation causes severe defoliation. A pattern of fluctuating defoliation among years and sites was found on both pine species. Defoliation was evenly distributed in the crown of P. sylvestris during years of high as well as low infestation; apical whorls had as much defoliation as basal whorls. In P. contorta , however, there was a tendency for defoliation to be concentrated on branches in the most apical whorls. Growth ring increments on P. sylvestris with high levels of defoliation (71%) did not differ from trees with moderate levels (26%) of defoliation. Shoot lengths were significantly shorter, however, on heavily infested trees the year after defoliation. 相似文献