共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 289 毫秒
1.
三唑酮对西瓜根际木霉菌与尖孢镰刀菌竞争定殖的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在尖孢镰刀菌厚垣孢子土中,接种1×106cfu/g土的木霉菌孢子,并加入4~12μg/g土三唑酮。木霉菌加各三唑酮处理的尖孢镰刀菌厚垣孢子在西瓜根际的萌发率低于不加药的木霉菌对照,并与三唑酮剂量成反比;尖孢镰刀菌的根际竞争指数,以及在绝大部分根段根际的种群密度也低于不加药的木霉菌对照;而在上述条件下木霉菌的根际竞争指数以及在某些根段根际的种群密度十分接近或超过不加药的木霉菌对照。本文还讨论了不同木霉菌量和不同尖孢镰刀菌量条件下,三唑酮剂量对木霉菌和病原尖孢镰刀菌在西瓜根际竞争定殖的影响。 相似文献
2.
玉米青枯病病原腐霉对其伴生镰刀菌的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本试验以玉米青枯病病原肿囊腐霉(Pythium inflatum Malthews)与禾生腐霉(Pythium gramlnicola Subram)为材料,着重研究了两种腐霉的生长与代谢对其伴生病原禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum Schw.)的影响,结果表明:1.腐霉的定殖生长能力弱于禾谷镰刀菌。在腐霉菌落上,禾谷镰刀菌仍可生长,而在禾谷镰刀菌菌落上,腐霉则不能生长。2.在伴生条件下,腐霉被镰刀菌覆盖的时间长短随接种间隔而有变化,接种间隔愈短,则覆盖愈快。3.两种腐霉的培养滤液均对禾谷镰刀菌的孢子萌发与芽管伸长及菌落扩展有明显的促进作用,表明滤液中含有对镰刀菌生长有利的活性成分。4.腐霉培养滤液对禾谷镰刀菌红色色素的产生有一定的抑制作用,其原因可能与腐霉的嗜糖性有关。5.田间结果表明,腐镰复合接种的发病率接近禾谷镰刀菌单菌接种,但低于腐霉单菌接种。 相似文献
3.
两种添加剂对牛粪堆肥中氮转化及相关微生物的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用强制通风静态堆肥装置研究了添加木霉和鸡粪对牛粪高温堆肥过程中氮素形态及其相关微生物的影响。结果表明:加入木霉和鸡粪均使堆体高温期延长,高温期pH增加幅度减小。对照、加木霉和加鸡粪处理中高温期氨气释放量最高分别为413、197和216 mg/(kg.d);加木霉使高温期的氨态氮最高含量比对照低18.0%,加鸡粪使高温期氨态氮最高含量比对照多10.5%;在高温期,加木霉和加鸡粪处理中硝态氮最高含量分别是对照的1.85倍和1.71倍;堆肥结束时,对照中有机氮含量比初始减少19.1%、总氮含量减少21.6%,加木霉和加鸡粪处理中有机氮含量分别比初始增加4.5%和2.2%、总氮含量分别增加1.7%和5.5%,加木霉和鸡粪均有利于氨基糖态氮和氨基酸态氮的积累,有利于有机氮的形成和保留。整个堆肥过程中氨化细菌数量最大,氨化细菌和硝化细菌数量在加木霉和加鸡粪处理中均比对照多;高温阶段,反硝化细菌数量在加木霉处理中较对照多,固氮菌在加鸡粪处理中较对照多;降温阶段,固氮菌数在加木霉处理中较对照多。 相似文献
4.
利用qPCR检测木霉融合子Tpf-2在番茄根际土中的定殖,并采用生理生化法测定Tpf-2对番茄叶片中相关防御酶活性的影响。结果表明,在整个番茄生育期内(0~150d),Tpf-2均可在番茄根际土中定殖,相对定殖数量随时间的延长呈下降趋势,同时接种木霉和瓜果腐霉处理组中Tpf-2相对定殖数量高于同期无病原菌处理组。不同处理组番茄叶片中的超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化物酶POD及过氧化氢酶CAT的活性不同,同时接种木霉和瓜果腐霉处理组中上述3种酶活性增加显著,与只接种瓜果腐霉处理组间存在极显著性差异(P0.01)。综上可见,木霉融合子Tpf-2的厚垣孢子定殖周期长,定殖后可诱导番茄叶片中相关防御酶活性的提高,本研究为揭示其生防机理及菌株应用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
5.
哈茨木霉几丁质酶诱导及其对水稻纹枯病菌的拮抗作用 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
在实验室条件下分别以几丁质和水稻纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)细胞壁作唯一碳源诱导哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)菌株NF9、TC3和P1产生几丁质酶,用硫酸铵沉淀法制备几丁质酶粗提液。上述木霉菌株内切几丁质酶活性(对胶体几丁质浑浊度的减少率)分别为79.8%、74.4%和76.0%,均显著高于非诱导的阳性对照。培养第5 d几丁质诱导的木霉菌株NF9和TC3内切几丁质酶活性显著高于由水稻纹枯病菌细胞壁诱导的酶活性。体外测定表明,通过诱导的木霉菌株TC3、NF9和P1几丁质酶粗提液对水稻纹枯病病菌的拮抗圈直径可达38、21和23 mm,与非诱导的阳性对照比较有显著性差异。对木霉几丁质酶拮抗作用的特点及生防应用进行了讨论。 相似文献
6.
在室内条件下用5种常用土壤杀菌剂对生防木霉菌及尖孢镰刀菌进行了毒力测定。结果表明:木霉菌及镰刀菌对5种杀菌剂敏感性不同,两菌株对多菌灵反应敏感,其EC50最小;5种杀菌剂的毒力在平板上和在土壤中稍有差异,在土壤中福美双和口恶霉灵对木霉菌的抑制作用极小,可与木霉菌结合使用。 相似文献
7.
小麦四种镰刀菌毒素的ELISA检测及毒素污染分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为明确镰刀菌毒素在小麦中的污染与分布状况,选取以四种镰刀菌毒素的特异性抗体制备的ELISA试剂盒,检测了来自全国范围内的183个冬小麦、46个春小麦品种(系)样品中的镰刀菌毒素含量,并对不同麦区小麦样品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、伏马(fumonisin)、单端孢霉烯醇(T-2)和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZON)四种毒素含量及污染率进行比较分析.结果表明,我国小麦品种(系)中镰刀菌毒素污染比较普遍,但污染水平较低,均符合国家规定标准.四种镰刀菌毒素中以DON毒素为主,其平均含量为73.87μg/kg.不同麦区间DON、fumonisin和T-2毒素的含量存在显著差异(P<0.01),而ZON毒素的含量在麦区间差异不显著(P>0.05),东北春麦晚熟组、长江中下游冬麦组和黄淮冬麦区南片冬水组镰刀菌毒素总体含量较高.DON与ZON毒素污染率在麦区间存在显著差异(P<0.01),而fumonisin与T-2毒素污染率差异不显著(P>0.05).在不同麦区间,东北春麦晚熟组的DON毒素的含量和污染率均为最高. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇( DON) 在小麦籽粒中的积累分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
镰刀菌产生的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)污染小麦后对人畜具有较大的毒害作用。为明确DON毒素在小麦籽粒中的积累数量及其与镰刀菌菌株、接菌数量、小麦品种和病害严重度的关系,试验采用单花滴注方法在5个抗病性不同的小麦品种上分别接种9 个禾谷镰刀菌菌株,每个菌株接种1 × 106 、1 × 105 和1 × 104 个/ mL 3 个分生孢子浓度,并利用ELISA 法测定收获麦粒中DON 毒素含量。结果表明,麦粒中DON 毒素含量差异主要是由于不同禾谷镰刀菌菌株产生毒素能力不同所致。接种菌株8003、4020 的所有麦粒中DON 毒素含量均显著高于相同条件下接种其他7 个菌株的小麦。当接种产毒素能力强的菌株时,小麦抗病品种表现出在一定程度上降低DON 毒素积累的能力。不同接菌浓度对小麦赤霉病的发病程度和麦粒中DON 毒素含量有显著影响,在相同条件下,接菌浓度越高,病害严重度越高,DON 毒素含量也越高;反之,接菌浓度越低,病害严重度越低,DON 毒素含量也越低。 相似文献
11.
试验以栽培香菇剩余的菌糠为原料,采用室内抑菌试验和盆栽试验相结合的方法探讨了香菇菌糠对绿色木霉防治黄瓜枯萎病的增效作用。菌糠提取液对绿色木霉菌丝生长和孢子萌发表现促进作用,促进率分别为18.20%和9.82%;对黄瓜枯萎病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发表现抑制作用,抑制率分别为11.85%和87.78%。香菇菌糠与木霉混合使用对黄瓜枯萎病的防效达70.26%,黄瓜的地上部分鲜重和根重分别增加了65.06%和58.10%。与单用木霉相比,加入香菇菌糠后绿色木霉在土体土、根际土和根系中定殖数量分别提高了251.39%、208.21%和104.76%,黄瓜枯萎病菌数量分别减少了56.98%、77.72%和76.83%。 相似文献
12.
R. GONZALEZ-TORRES J. M. MELÉRO-VARA J. GÓMEZ-VÁZQUEZ R. M. JIMÉNEZ DÍAZ 《Plant pathology》1993,42(6):858-864
The effects of pre-planting solarization or fumigation with metham-sodium of sand-mulched soil on fusarium wilt of watermelon in plastic house culture were investigated at Almeria, south-eastern Spain. In two trials, 2 months' solarization increased the average maximum soil temperature by c. 5°C to 44-48° C at 10 cm depth and by 4-5° C to 40-42° C at 20-30 cm. The amount of Fusarium oxysporum in the upper 15 cm of a naturally infested soil was reduced by solarization and by fumigation. During the 9 months following treatment, the F. oxysporum population stabilized at a low level in soil solarized for 2 months, but fluctuated in soil solarized for 1 month and increased in fumigated soil. The amount of wilt in watermelon sown into this soil after treatment was generally low; plants growing in solarized or fumigated soil suffered less wilt than plants in untreated soil but the differences were not significant. In a soil artificially infested with the highly pathogenic race 2 of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum, F. oxysporum populations were greatly reduced following solarization or fumigation, and fluctuated erratically thereafter. Solarization for 2 months completely controlled wilt in watermelon and gave a fruit yield almost five times that of plants in untreated soil. Solarization for 1 month only slowed disease development slightly but gave a yield more than twice that in untreated soil. Fumigation with metham-sodium retarded disease development considerably and tripled fruit yield. Plant performance was significantly better in soil solarized for 2 months than in uninfested control soil, suggesting beneficial effects of this treatment additional to wilt control. 相似文献
13.
In laboratory experiments several soil- and bulb-borne micro-organisms exhibited antagonism towards Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. narcissi. One-third of these micro-organisms were also found to be tolerant to thiabendazole, a fungicide commonly used for the control of this pathogen. Micro-organisms showing high levels of in vitro antagonism and/or tolerance to thiabendazole were screened in pots of natural soil artificially infested with the pathogen. Six of the micro-organisms were found significantly to suppress basal rot development when used as pre-planting bulb treatments. Minimedusa polyspora and a Streptomyces species were most effective, giving disease levels 55.72% and 56.88% lower than the control.
In a 1-year field trial pre-planting bulb treatments with M polyspora , a Streptomyces species and an isolate of Trichoderma viride significantly suppressed reductions in flower numbers, reductions in bulb yield, and percentage infection. The integration of T. viride with thiabendazole gave bulb yields significantly greater than either T. viride or thiabendazole alone whilst the integration of M. polyspora and thiabendazole resulted in significantly greater flower numbers and significantly fewer bulb infections than either treatment alone. 相似文献
In a 1-year field trial pre-planting bulb treatments with M polyspora , a Streptomyces species and an isolate of Trichoderma viride significantly suppressed reductions in flower numbers, reductions in bulb yield, and percentage infection. The integration of T. viride with thiabendazole gave bulb yields significantly greater than either T. viride or thiabendazole alone whilst the integration of M. polyspora and thiabendazole resulted in significantly greater flower numbers and significantly fewer bulb infections than either treatment alone. 相似文献
14.
ABSTRACT The effect of the plant on the diversity of soilborne populations of Fusarium oxysporum was assessed after successive cultures of flax, melon, tomato, and wheat in separate samples of the same soil. Forty soil-borne isolates of F. oxysporum and forty root-colonizing isolates of each plant species were sampled during the first (T0) and fourth (T1) cultures. The population structures were assessed by a genotypic method based on restriction fragment analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified ri-bosomal intergenic spacer (IGS) DNA. Sixteen IGS types were defined among the four hundred isolates analyzed. The distributions of soil isolates among IGS types were similar at both sampling times. The structure of F. oxysporum populations associated with the roots of flax or melon did not differ from the structure of soilborne populations. In contrast, the structure of F. oxysporum populations associated with roots of wheat or tomato differed from the structure of soilborne populations. High frequencies were found for IGS type 4 among wheat isolates at both T0 and T1 and for IGS type 11 among tomato isolates at T1. Moreover, a high level of genetic divergence was obtained between IGS types 4 and 11. Our results suggest that tomato and wheat have a selective effect on soilborne populations of F. oxysporum and that this effect seems to be plant specific. 相似文献
15.
16.
The potential of nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and other biological control organisms for suppressing fusarium wilt of banana 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of nonpathogenic F. oxysporum and Trichoderma isolates from suppressive soils in South Africa to suppress fusarium wilt of banana in the glasshouse. Several biological control agents and commercial biological control products were included in the study. The isolates were first screened in vitro on potato dextrose agar. In glasshouse evaluations, the fungal and bacterial isolates were established on banana roots before they were replanted in pathogen-infested soil, while the commercial biocontrol agents were applied as directed by the supplier. Banana plantlets were evaluated for disease development after 7 weeks. In vitro tests showed none of the nonpathogenic isolates suppressed Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense ( Foc ), while slight suppression was observed with the two Trichoderma isolates. Results of the glasshouse evaluations revealed that two of the nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates, CAV 255 and CAV 241, reduced fusarium wilt incidence by 87·4 and 75·0%, respectively. The known biological control agent Fo47 did not suppress Foc significantly. Pseudomonas fluorescens strain WCS 417, known for its ability to suppress other fusarium wilt diseases (WCS 417), reduced disease incidence by 87·4%. These isolates should be further evaluated for potential application in the field, independently and in combination. 相似文献
17.
ABSTRACT Histochemical staining, beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity, or placing roots on agar were methods used to characterize interactions between the pathogenic fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, and the nonpathogenic biocontrol F. oxysporum strain 70T01 with respect to colonization behaviors, interaction sites, and population densities on tomato roots. Mycelia of strain 70T01, a genetic transformant expressing stable GUS activity, hygromycin B resistance, and effective disease control, were localized in epidermal and cortex cell layers of tomato roots in a discontinuous and uneven pattern. In contrast, mycelia of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici were found in the vascular bundles. Thus, direct interactions between the two fungi likely happen in the root surface cell layers. Colonization density of strain 70T01 was related to the inoculation density but decreased with distance from the inoculation site. Host defense reactions, including increased cell wall thickness or papilla deposits, were adjacent to 70T01 hyphae. Experiments done in soil showed that strain 70T01 densities in roots were highest at inoculation zones and barely detectable for root segments more than 2 cm away from the inoculation sites. F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici densities were lowest at 70T01 inoculation zones and highest (>10 times) where strain 70T01 was not directly applied. Newly elongating roots where strain 70T01 did not reach were available for infection by the pathogen. The higher strain 70T01 density was always found when the plants were simultaneously infected by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, suggesting that F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici has as much influence in predisposing the plant to colonization by strain 70T01 as strain 70T01 has on providing disease protection against the pathogen. 相似文献
18.
Combined soil treatments and sequence of application in improving the control of soilborne pathogens
ABSTRACT The effects of reduced doses of methyl bromide (MB) or metham sodium, heating, short solarization, and soil microbial activity, alone or in combination, on survival of soilborne fungal pathogens were tested in a controlled-environment system and field plots. Sublethal doses of heating or MB delayed germination of Sclerotium rolfsii sclerotia. Combining MB and heating treatments was more effective than either treatment alone in controlling S. rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. basilici. The application heating followed by fumigation with MB, was significantly more effective in delaying and reducing germination of S. rolfsii sclerotia and in controlling F. oxysporum f. sp. basilici than the opposite sequence. Further, incubation in soil and exposure to microbial activity of previously heated or MB-treated sclerotia increased the mortality rate, indicating a weakening effect. Similarly, incubation of chlamydospores of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis and F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici in soil in the field after fumigation further reduced their survival, confirming the laboratory results. In field tests, combining MB or metham sodium at reduced doses with short solarization was more effective in controlling fungal pathogens than either treatment alone. Treatment sequence significantly affected pathogen control in the field, similar to its effect under controlled conditions. This study demonstrates a frequent synergistic effect of combining soil treatments and its potential for improving pathogen control and reducing pesticide dose, especially when an appropriate sequence was followed. 相似文献
19.
ABSTRACT Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris and the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei coinfect chickpeas in southern Spain. The influence of root infection by P. thornei on the reaction of Fusarium wilt-susceptible (CPS 1 and PV 61) and wilt-resistant (UC 27) chickpea cultivars to F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 5 was investigated under controlled and field conditions. Severity of Fusarium wilt was not modified by coinfection of chickpeas by P. thornei and F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, in simultaneous or sequential inoculations with the pathogens. Root infection with five nematodes per cm(3) of soil and 5,000 chlamydospores per g of soil of the fungus resulted in significantly higher numbers of propagules of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris with the wilt-susceptible cultivar CPS 1, but not with the wilt-resistant one. However, infection with 10 nematodes per cm(3) of soil significantly increased root infection by F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris in both cultivars, irrespective of fungal inoculum densities (250 to 2,000 chlamydospores per g of soil). Plant growth was significantly reduced by P. thornei infection on wilt-susceptible and wilt-resistant chickpeas in controlled and field conditions, except when shorter periods of incubation (45 days after inoculation) were used under controlled conditions. Severity of root necrosis was greater in wilt-susceptible and wilt-resistant cultivars when nematodes were present in the root, irrespective of length of incubation time (45 to 90 days), densities of nematodes (5 and 10 nematodes per cm(3) of soil), fungal inocula, and experimental conditions. Nematode reproduction on the wilt-susceptible cultivars, but not on the wilt-resistant one, was significantly increased by F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris infections under controlled and field conditions. 相似文献
20.
ABSTRACT Plants exhibiting symptoms of wilt and xylem discoloration typical of Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici were observed in greenhouses of cherry tomatoes at various sites in Israel. However, the lower stems of some of these plants were covered with a pink layer of macroconidia of F. oxysporum. This sign resembles the sporulating layer on stems of tomato plants infected with F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, which causes the crown and root rot disease. Monoconidial isolates of F. oxysporum from diseased plants were assigned to vegetative compatibility group 0030 of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and identified as belonging to race 1 of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. The possibility of coinfection with F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici was excluded by testing several macroconidia from each plant. Airborne propagules of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici were trapped on selective medium in greenhouses in which plants with a sporulating layer had been growing. Sporulation on stems was reproduced by inoculating tomato plants with races 1 and 2 of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. This phenomenon has not been reported previously with F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and might be connected to specific environmental conditions, e.g., high humidity. The sporulation of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici on plant stems and the resultant aerial dissemination of macroconidia may have serious epidemiological consequences. Sanitation of the greenhouse structure, as part of a holistic disease management approach, is necessary to ensure effective disease control. 相似文献