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1.
一株兼性厌氧纤维素酶产生菌的筛选、鉴定及其酶学性质研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从牛瘤胃内容物中筛选出一株兼性厌氧纤维素酶产生菌CR-14,根据形态特征、生理生化特征和16 S rDNA序列分析鉴定为纤维单胞菌(Celloulonmonassp.)。该菌株所产纤维素酶中主要组分酶包括C1酶、CX酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶,其中CX酶酶活最高,C1酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶酶活较低。该酶的最适反应条件为温度50℃、pH6.0;在60℃以下、pH6.0~7.5条件下性能稳定;Mn2+、Fe2+能显著促进该酶的活力,Zn2+、Cu2+、Ca2+、K+对酶活力有抑制作用。 相似文献
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为研究β-葡萄糖苷酶在甜菊糖苷降解代谢中的作用,并为今后通过抑制甜菊糖苷的降解从而提高其含量的育种工作等奠定理论基础。本研究以甜菊为试验材料,首先对甜菊叶片β-葡萄糖苷酶的提取及酶活性测定方法进行了优化,并进一步对该酶性质进行了初步分析。结果表明,以pH 7.0的50 mmol/L磷酸缓冲液提取,研磨时添加等量PVP,粗酶液经20%~40%饱和度硫酸铵进行盐析的酶液其酶活性最高;以pNPG为底物测定其酶活性时37℃孵育60 min最佳。酶性质分析结果表明,该酶具有较高的热稳定性和pH值稳定性,其最适温度为30℃,最适pH 7.0;4℃保存时酶活性逐渐降低,至26天时酶活力仅余26.4%;在9种常见金属离子中Mn 2+、Fe 2+对该酶有显著的激活作用,而Cu 2+、Hg 2+对该酶的抑制作用较明显。 相似文献
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2株茶藨生柱锈重寄生木霉胞壁降解酶的基本性质研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了给β-1,3葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶的分离纯化及重寄生菌的利用提供理论依据,从茶藨生柱锈(Cronartium ribicola J.C.Fischer)的重寄生菌TR1和TR2中提取了β-1,3葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶,并进行了粗酶活性测定。结果显示,2菌株所产β-1,3-葡聚糖酶最适温度均为35℃,TR1所产β-1,3葡聚糖酶的最适pH 4.0,Km值为43.82 μg/mL,Ca2+是其激活剂,Cu2+、Fe3+、Al3+、Zn2+为其抑制剂。TR2所产β-1,3葡聚糖酶的最适pH5.0,Km为71.28 μg/mL,Ca2+和Mn2+是其激活剂,Cu2+、Fe3+、Al3+为其抑制剂。2菌株所产几丁质酶的激活剂为Mn2+和Ca2+,抑制剂为Cu2+。TR1所产几丁质酶的最适温度为40℃,最适pH6.0,Km为92.49 μg/mL;TR2所产几丁质酶的最适温度范围较宽为3~50℃,最适pH5.0,Km为71.11 μg/mL。TR1和TR2所产β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶稳定性较高,直接利用粗酶在野外防治疱锈病具有一定的可行性。 相似文献
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以交联壳聚糖磁性微球为载体制备固定化果胶酶,并研究固定化酶的酶学性质与操作稳定性。通过Fe3O4磁核与壳聚糖制备磁性微球载体,戊二醛交联后对果胶酶进行固定,利用正交试验确定固定化酶制备条件,比较研究了固定化酶与游离酶的酶学性质。结果表明：在Fe2+:Fe3+体积比为1:1的溶液中,制得Fe3O4磁核;1 g Fe3O4磁核,3.0%壳聚糖,在3.0%戊二醛中交联4 h,3.0 mg/mL果胶酶在pH 4.0下固定化反应1 h,制备的固定化酶酶活力的回收率高达68.4%。对固定化酶酶学特性研究表明：最适pH 4.0,最适温度50℃,酸碱稳定性范围为pH 2.6~5.6,温度稳定性得到提高,70℃下剩余酶活力为82.8%,米氏常数Kmapp值为1.38 mg/mL,固定化酶连续使用6次还保留61.0%酶活力。说明以交联壳聚糖磁性微球为载体制备的固定化果胶酶,机械强度大、弹性好,酶活力回收率较高,操作稳定性好。 相似文献
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采用分光光度法测定莴笋多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性,考察底物特异性、pH值、温度、热稳定性、底物浓度、金属离子及抑制剂对PPO酶活特性的影响,研究莴笋PPO酶学特性。结果表明,莴笋PPO的最适底物为邻苯二酚,最适pH值5.0,最适温度25℃;90℃热处理60 s莴笋PPO酶活基本完全丧失;莴笋PPO最适底物浓度为0.10 mol/L,PPO酶促褐变反应动力学符合米氏方程,相应的动力学参数Km=0.667 mol/L,Vmax=826.4 OD/min;Mg2+、Ca2+、Mn2+、Zn2+对PPO酶活有一定的的抑制作用,Cu2+和Fe3+对PPO酶活有一定的促进作用;五种抑制剂对抑制莴笋PPO酶活力均具有一定的作用,且抑制作用随抑制剂浓度的增大而加强,试验范围内抑制作用由强到弱依次为:抗坏血酸L-半胱氨酸Na HSO3柠檬酸EDTA,抗坏血酸对莴笋PPO酶活的抑制效果最佳。 相似文献
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一株有机磷农药高效降解菌的筛选及酶学性质研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了从有机磷农药严重污染的土壤中分离筛选出一株有机磷农药高效降解菌,并对其进行鉴定及其酶学性质研究。通过有机磷农药驯化培养、形态学和生理生化特性及其16S rDNA序列分析等试验对其进行了初步鉴定,并初步研究了pH值、温度、底物及金属离子等外界因素对其粗酶液酶学性质的影响。分离筛选出一株有机磷农药高效降解菌J7-4,经形态学和生理生化特性及其16S rDNA序列分析等试验,初步将其鉴定为施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri),其降解酶为胞内酶,该酶最适pH为9.0,最适反应温度为45℃;最适底物为甲基对硫磷,并且该酶具有广谱降解特性;Mg2+、Ca2+等金属离子对其有不同程度的激活作用,Co2+、Cr3+对该酶有轻微的抑制作用,而Mn2+、Fe3+、Zn2+、Al3+、Hg+、Cd2+、Ba2+、Ag+对该酶有强烈的抑制作用。成功地从有机磷农药严重污染的土壤中分离筛选出了一株有机磷农药高效降解菌J7-4,并对其降解酶的性质进行了初步研究。 相似文献
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摘 要：探讨蔵灵菇马克斯克鲁维酵母M3菌株胆盐水解酶的特性及其发酵动力学原理。采用单因素多水平试验,在pH4~8、温度31~43℃、底物浓度4~8 mmol/L及不同化学试剂(SDS、EDTA、尿素、Cu2+ 、Mg2+、Ca2+、Fe3+、Al3+、Mn2+)的条件下,胆盐水解酶与底物反应30min,检测酶活力。胆盐水解酶最适反应条件：pH为6.0、底物浓度为7 mmol/L、温度为37℃,Mn2+、Fe3+、Ca2+金属离子对酶活性有较大提高作用,其他化学试剂对酶活性影响不大。胆盐水解酶的酶促反应动力学常数Km为2.60 mmol/L。M3菌株在18~21 h进入稳定期,18h对数生长期时酶活性达到最高,表明其胆盐水解酶发酵动力学类型为生长偶联合成型。 相似文献
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洛神花总黄酮提取工艺及其稳定性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用Box-Behnken响应面试验设计方法优化超声波提取洛神花总黄酮工艺条件,并对其稳定性进行研究。结果表明,超声波提取洛神花总黄酮最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度60%,液固比50∶1(mL/g),提取时间50 min,提取温度60℃,超声波功率350 W,此条件下,洛神花总黄酮得率为3.69%。稳定性试验结果表明,洛神花总黄酮在30~60℃下较稳定;在暗室和室内自然光照下较稳定,室外强光照下其含量明显下降;pH过高或过低均会降低洛神花总黄酮稳定性,在pH 3.0~6.0下稳定性最好;常见金属离子K+、Na+、Zn2+、Ca2+、Ni2+、Mg2+对洛神花总黄酮稳定性没有影响,但Cu2+、Fe2+、Al3+会降低洛神花总黄酮的稳定性。 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
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D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
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E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
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Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献