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1.
一株兼性厌氧纤维素酶产生菌的筛选、鉴定及其酶学性质研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从牛瘤胃内容物中筛选出一株兼性厌氧纤维素酶产生菌CR-14,根据形态特征、生理生化特征和16 S rDNA序列分析鉴定为纤维单胞菌(Celloulonmonassp.)。该菌株所产纤维素酶中主要组分酶包括C1酶、CX酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶,其中CX酶酶活最高,C1酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶酶活较低。该酶的最适反应条件为温度50℃、pH6.0;在60℃以下、pH6.0~7.5条件下性能稳定;Mn2+、Fe2+能显著促进该酶的活力,Zn2+、Cu2+、Ca2+、K+对酶活力有抑制作用。 相似文献
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为研究β-葡萄糖苷酶在甜菊糖苷降解代谢中的作用,并为今后通过抑制甜菊糖苷的降解从而提高其含量的育种工作等奠定理论基础。本研究以甜菊为试验材料,首先对甜菊叶片β-葡萄糖苷酶的提取及酶活性测定方法进行了优化,并进一步对该酶性质进行了初步分析。结果表明,以pH 7.0的50 mmol/L磷酸缓冲液提取,研磨时添加等量PVP,粗酶液经20%~40%饱和度硫酸铵进行盐析的酶液其酶活性最高;以pNPG为底物测定其酶活性时37℃孵育60 min最佳。酶性质分析结果表明,该酶具有较高的热稳定性和pH值稳定性,其最适温度为30℃,最适pH 7.0;4℃保存时酶活性逐渐降低,至26天时酶活力仅余26.4%;在9种常见金属离子中Mn 2+、Fe 2+对该酶有显著的激活作用,而Cu 2+、Hg 2+对该酶的抑制作用较明显。 相似文献
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2株茶藨生柱锈重寄生木霉胞壁降解酶的基本性质研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了给β-1,3葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶的分离纯化及重寄生菌的利用提供理论依据,从茶藨生柱锈(Cronartium ribicola J.C.Fischer)的重寄生菌TR1和TR2中提取了β-1,3葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶,并进行了粗酶活性测定。结果显示,2菌株所产β-1,3-葡聚糖酶最适温度均为35℃,TR1所产β-1,3葡聚糖酶的最适pH 4.0,Km值为43.82 μg/mL,Ca2+是其激活剂,Cu2+、Fe3+、Al3+、Zn2+为其抑制剂。TR2所产β-1,3葡聚糖酶的最适pH5.0,Km为71.28 μg/mL,Ca2+和Mn2+是其激活剂,Cu2+、Fe3+、Al3+为其抑制剂。2菌株所产几丁质酶的激活剂为Mn2+和Ca2+,抑制剂为Cu2+。TR1所产几丁质酶的最适温度为40℃,最适pH6.0,Km为92.49 μg/mL;TR2所产几丁质酶的最适温度范围较宽为3~50℃,最适pH5.0,Km为71.11 μg/mL。TR1和TR2所产β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶稳定性较高,直接利用粗酶在野外防治疱锈病具有一定的可行性。 相似文献
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以交联壳聚糖磁性微球为载体制备固定化果胶酶,并研究固定化酶的酶学性质与操作稳定性。通过Fe3O4磁核与壳聚糖制备磁性微球载体,戊二醛交联后对果胶酶进行固定,利用正交试验确定固定化酶制备条件,比较研究了固定化酶与游离酶的酶学性质。结果表明：在Fe2+:Fe3+体积比为1:1的溶液中,制得Fe3O4磁核;1 g Fe3O4磁核,3.0%壳聚糖,在3.0%戊二醛中交联4 h,3.0 mg/mL果胶酶在pH 4.0下固定化反应1 h,制备的固定化酶酶活力的回收率高达68.4%。对固定化酶酶学特性研究表明：最适pH 4.0,最适温度50℃,酸碱稳定性范围为pH 2.6~5.6,温度稳定性得到提高,70℃下剩余酶活力为82.8%,米氏常数Kmapp值为1.38 mg/mL,固定化酶连续使用6次还保留61.0%酶活力。说明以交联壳聚糖磁性微球为载体制备的固定化果胶酶,机械强度大、弹性好,酶活力回收率较高,操作稳定性好。 相似文献
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采用分光光度法测定莴笋多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性,考察底物特异性、pH值、温度、热稳定性、底物浓度、金属离子及抑制剂对PPO酶活特性的影响,研究莴笋PPO酶学特性。结果表明,莴笋PPO的最适底物为邻苯二酚,最适pH值5.0,最适温度25℃;90℃热处理60 s莴笋PPO酶活基本完全丧失;莴笋PPO最适底物浓度为0.10 mol/L,PPO酶促褐变反应动力学符合米氏方程,相应的动力学参数Km=0.667 mol/L,Vmax=826.4 OD/min;Mg2+、Ca2+、Mn2+、Zn2+对PPO酶活有一定的的抑制作用,Cu2+和Fe3+对PPO酶活有一定的促进作用;五种抑制剂对抑制莴笋PPO酶活力均具有一定的作用,且抑制作用随抑制剂浓度的增大而加强,试验范围内抑制作用由强到弱依次为:抗坏血酸L-半胱氨酸Na HSO3柠檬酸EDTA,抗坏血酸对莴笋PPO酶活的抑制效果最佳。 相似文献
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一株有机磷农药高效降解菌的筛选及酶学性质研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了从有机磷农药严重污染的土壤中分离筛选出一株有机磷农药高效降解菌,并对其进行鉴定及其酶学性质研究。通过有机磷农药驯化培养、形态学和生理生化特性及其16S rDNA序列分析等试验对其进行了初步鉴定,并初步研究了pH值、温度、底物及金属离子等外界因素对其粗酶液酶学性质的影响。分离筛选出一株有机磷农药高效降解菌J7-4,经形态学和生理生化特性及其16S rDNA序列分析等试验,初步将其鉴定为施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri),其降解酶为胞内酶,该酶最适pH为9.0,最适反应温度为45℃;最适底物为甲基对硫磷,并且该酶具有广谱降解特性;Mg2+、Ca2+等金属离子对其有不同程度的激活作用,Co2+、Cr3+对该酶有轻微的抑制作用,而Mn2+、Fe3+、Zn2+、Al3+、Hg+、Cd2+、Ba2+、Ag+对该酶有强烈的抑制作用。成功地从有机磷农药严重污染的土壤中分离筛选出了一株有机磷农药高效降解菌J7-4,并对其降解酶的性质进行了初步研究。 相似文献
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摘 要：探讨蔵灵菇马克斯克鲁维酵母M3菌株胆盐水解酶的特性及其发酵动力学原理。采用单因素多水平试验,在pH4~8、温度31~43℃、底物浓度4~8 mmol/L及不同化学试剂(SDS、EDTA、尿素、Cu2+ 、Mg2+、Ca2+、Fe3+、Al3+、Mn2+)的条件下,胆盐水解酶与底物反应30min,检测酶活力。胆盐水解酶最适反应条件：pH为6.0、底物浓度为7 mmol/L、温度为37℃,Mn2+、Fe3+、Ca2+金属离子对酶活性有较大提高作用,其他化学试剂对酶活性影响不大。胆盐水解酶的酶促反应动力学常数Km为2.60 mmol/L。M3菌株在18~21 h进入稳定期,18h对数生长期时酶活性达到最高,表明其胆盐水解酶发酵动力学类型为生长偶联合成型。 相似文献
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洛神花总黄酮提取工艺及其稳定性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用Box-Behnken响应面试验设计方法优化超声波提取洛神花总黄酮工艺条件,并对其稳定性进行研究。结果表明,超声波提取洛神花总黄酮最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度60%,液固比50∶1(mL/g),提取时间50 min,提取温度60℃,超声波功率350 W,此条件下,洛神花总黄酮得率为3.69%。稳定性试验结果表明,洛神花总黄酮在30~60℃下较稳定;在暗室和室内自然光照下较稳定,室外强光照下其含量明显下降;pH过高或过低均会降低洛神花总黄酮稳定性,在pH 3.0~6.0下稳定性最好;常见金属离子K+、Na+、Zn2+、Ca2+、Ni2+、Mg2+对洛神花总黄酮稳定性没有影响,但Cu2+、Fe2+、Al3+会降低洛神花总黄酮的稳定性。 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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Richard N. Lester 《Euphytica》1989,44(1-2):125-132
Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected. 相似文献
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B. Julier P. Guy C. Castillo-Acuna G. Caubel C. Ecalle M. Esquibet V. Furstoss C. Huyghe C. Lavaud A. Porcheron P. Pracros G. Raynal 《Euphytica》1996,91(2):241-250
Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality. 相似文献
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In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,... 相似文献
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[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat... 相似文献
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不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应. 相似文献
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Summary
Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids. 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献