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1.
指夹式精量玉米排种器改进设计与试验   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
为满足精密播种作业要求,采用夹持充种、振动清种及柔性导种等方式,对指夹式精量玉米排种器进行了改进设计。通过对其工作原理的分析,对关键部件取种指夹、振动区及零速导种带的结构参数进行了优化。为提高排种器作业性能,得出其最佳工作参数,以工作转速和弹簧丝径为试验因素,粒距合格指数、重播指数和漏播指数为试验指标进行二次正交旋转组合设计试验,运用Design-Expert 6.0.10软件进行试验数据处理,建立因素与指标之间数学模型以进一步优化。试验结果表明,弹簧丝径为0.77 mm,排种器转速小于19.2 r/min时,合格指数为86.90%,重播指数为9.62%,漏播指数为3.51%,合格指数比改进前提高13.5%,破损率为0.4%。在此基础上进行排种适应性试验,结果表明指夹式精量玉米排种器对大扁马齿型籽粒具有良好的适应性,满足精密播种农艺要求。  相似文献   

2.
针对舀勺式马铃薯排种器携种过程中种薯易受外界扰动脱离舀勺而造成漏播、清种过程清种振动强度与种薯质量不匹配而影响排种性能等问题,设计一种指夹式马铃薯精密排种器,通过控制夹板的开合与摆动进行排种作业,在携种过程中实现对种薯的可靠夹持,在清种过程中通过改变夹板对种薯的约束条件实现单粒夹持。为提高排种器作业性能,选取种床带速度、清种位移、夹板长度为试验因素,以合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数为试验指标,采用三因素五水平二次正交旋转中心组合试验方法进行了参数优化试验,建立了各指标的回归模型,分析了各因素对合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数的影响规律。试验结果表明,当种床带速度为6.0km/h、清种位移为9.5mm、夹板长度为72mm时,排种器合格指数为90.3%、重播指数为6.1%、漏播指数为3.6%,满足播种技术要求。  相似文献   

3.
为解决现有大豆排种器播种均匀性差、存在漏播和重播等问题,设计了大豆双行排种器,主要包括排种总成、双排导种筒及壳体。以型孔倾角、导种筒倾角、作业速度为试验因素,以合格指数、变异指数、重播指数、漏播指数为试验指标,进行了三因素三水平正交试验;结合综合加权评分法得到型孔倾角30°、导种筒倾角60°、作业速度6km·h~(-1)时,排种器的合格指数为93.6%、变异指数为7.4%、重播指数为3.1%、漏播指数为2.3%。田间对比试验结果表明:正交试验优化后的大豆双行排种器比传统槽轮式排种器合格指数提高8.96%,变异指数降低26.73%,重播指数降低16.22%,漏播指数降低11.54%,作业性能优良。  相似文献   

4.
为简化播种单体结构,适应大豆窄行密植农艺对播种机的要求,设计了一种大豆集排带式排种器。阐述了该排种器的基本结构和工作原理,并通过理论分析确定了关键部件结构参数。应用三因素五水平二次正交旋转中心组合试验方法进行了参数优化试验,建立了以气压、作业速度、清种振动频率为试验因素,以合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数为试验指标的数学模型,分析了各因素对合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数的影响规律。确定最佳参数组合为:气压4. 4 kPa、作业速度10. 5 km/h、清种振动频率44. 6 Hz,此时排种器性能指标为:合格指数90. 65%、重播指数1. 97%、漏播指数7. 38%。表明该排种器满足播种机的技术要求。  相似文献   

5.
针对人参播种机械化率低的现状,本文设计了一种开沟-排种单体式人参精密播种机。通过对链勺式人参精密排种器落种点、双圆盘开沟器工作性能和结构参数的分析,确定了开沟-排种单体的关键参数,设计了整机传动系统,可实现株距调整。利用土槽试验台架,选取作业速度、开沟深度、开沟器与排种器相对水平距离为试验因素,以合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数为试验指标,设计了二次回归正交旋转组合试验。结果表明:当作业速度为0.42m/s、开沟深度为45mm、开沟器与排种器相对水平距离为95mm时,合格指数为94.53%,重播指数为4.308%,漏播指数为1.165%。为验证播种机的工作性能,加工2BS-10型开沟-排种单体式人参精密播种机,并进行了田间试验,结果表明:当株距为4cm时,播种机的合格指数为92.7%,重播指数为5.0%,漏播指数为2.3%,播深合格率为95.1%,未发现伤种情况,满足我国非林地人参种植的播种要求。  相似文献   

6.
单行气吸式微型薯精密播种机设计与试验   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
针对我国丘陵山地小地块播种需求,及解决机械式微型薯播种机伤种严重、充种效果不佳等问题,设计了一种单行气吸式微型薯精密播种机,可一次完成开沟、播种、覆土作业。阐述了气吸式微型薯精密播种机的工作原理,确定了排种器、开沟覆土器和传动系统的主要结构参数,以"丽薯6号"微型薯为研究对象,采用单因素试验与二次回归旋转正交试验方法,选取振动频率、振动幅度、吸种负压、作业速度为试验因素,对播种机进行了播种性能试验,建立了合格指数、漏播指数、重播指数的数学模型,分析了各试验因素交互作用对合格指数的影响规律。经参数优化,确定最优参数为吸种负压10 k Pa、作业速度2. 5 km/h、振动频率5. 6~6. 8 Hz、振动幅度19. 6~20. 8 mm,并经田间试验验证,该条件下,播种机播种合格指数为93. 28%、漏播指数为3. 25%、重播指数为3. 47%,满足微型薯播种农艺要求。  相似文献   

7.
因打瓜籽形状的不规则性和品种类型的多样性,现有新疆打瓜种植主要以气力式播种机播种为主,吸附稳定性较低,其排种性能有待进一步提高。为解决打瓜精量播种问题,实现节本增收,设计一种夹持式打瓜排种器,选用新疆广泛种植的黑色大片打瓜籽为试验材料,采用Box-Behnken中心复合设计方法评价排种器转速、取种块有效夹持长度及取种块宽度因素与单粒合格率、漏播率及重播率间的影响关系。以打瓜排种器高合格指数、低重播指数及低漏播指数为优化目标,利用Design-Expert对排种器转速和取种块参数进行优化求解,得出排种器最佳参数组合为:排种器转速43.38 r/min,取种块有效夹持长度9 mm,取种块宽度7.82 mm,此时合格指数为84%,重播指数为9.38%,漏播指数为6.12%。结合排种器的进一步试验验证,得出该参数组合下排种器排种合格指数为83.97%,重播指数为9.33%,漏播指数为6.16%,与理论优化值非常接近,说明该夹持式打瓜排种器能够实现对打瓜的机械式排种,为打瓜精量播种新装备的研究和改进提供参考借鉴。  相似文献   

8.
气吸滚筒阵列式棉花精密排种器设计与试验   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
针对气吸式棉花精密排种器输气管路结构复杂、能耗大以及排种单体只能实现单行播种等问题,采用阵列吸孔吸种、侧向气吹清种等方式,设计了一种气吸滚筒阵列式棉花精密排种器,确定了该排种器关键零部件的结构参数,建立了充种过程的力学模型。以棉花种子为播种对象,以滚筒转速、吸孔直径、气室负压为影响因子,以合格指数、漏播指数和重播指数为排种性能指标,进行二次旋转正交组合试验,建立各影响因子与排种性能指标之间的回归模型,分析了各因子对排种性能的影响规律。采用多目标优化方法,确定最佳参数组合:滚筒转速为15.5 r/min,吸孔直径为3.5 mm,气室负压为4.2 k Pa,此时排种器的合格指数为93.5%、漏播指数为2.0%、重播指数为4.5%。经试验验证,试验结果与优化结果基本一致,满足棉花精密播种的要求。在此基础上进行了排种适应性试验,试验对象为几何特性存在一定差异的新陆早48号、新陆早52号、新陆早60号3种棉花种子,结果表明:合格指数均大于92%,漏播指数均小于3%,重播指数均小于5%,说明该排种器对不同品种的棉花种子具有一定的排种适应性。  相似文献   

9.
动定指勺夹持式玉米精量排种器优化设计与试验   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为提高机械式玉米排种器作业质量与适播范围,设计了一种基于限位导引的动定指勺夹持式玉米精量排种器,阐述了排种器总体结构及工作原理,优化了关键部件指勺种盘和限位导引总成结构参数。以排种器工作转速和调控摆臂调节尺寸为试验因素,株间合格指数和变异系数为试验指标,进行了单因素试验分析各因素对性能指标的影响规律。试验结果表明,排种器对各等级尺寸玉米种子均具有良好的适应性。为研究排种器最佳工作参数,采用多因素二次正交旋转组合设计试验,建立了性能指标与试验参数间数学模型,运用Design-Expert 6.0.10软件对试验结果进行处理分析,对回归模型进行优化验证。试验结果表明,当工作转速为30.5 r/min,调节尺寸为12.0 mm时,对圆形大粒玉米种子作业性能最优,其合格指数为88.41%,变异系数为12.32%,满足精量播种作业要求。  相似文献   

10.
针对目前舀勺式马铃薯播种机排种器清种装置振动频率不均、振幅调整不匀,以及清种部件结构不合理,导致种薯重播率高、漏播率高和损伤率高等问题,设计了舀勺式马铃薯播种机排种器的清种装置。通过对清种作业过程进行运动学和动力学分析,确定了影响清种效果的主要因素,设计了清种装置的关键部件。以偏心距、输送带主驱动轮转速、种层高度为试验因素,以重播率、漏播率为试验指标进行田间试验,试验结果表明:弹性引导式清种部件可有效清除勺间夹带种薯,振动清种装置可有效清除勺内多余种薯,显著提升了排种器的工作效率。当偏心距为1. 9 mm、输送带主驱动轮转速为40. 61 r/min、种层高度为33 cm时,重播率为3. 04%,漏播率为2. 01%,指标优于国家行业标准,清种效果提升显著。  相似文献   

11.
Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.  相似文献   

12.
瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。  相似文献   

13.
对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明:该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。  相似文献   

14.
对《种子法》存在问题的探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。  相似文献   

15.
About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.  相似文献   

16.
赵异 《湖南农机》2007,(3):31-32
在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。  相似文献   

17.
A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.  相似文献   

18.
在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。  相似文献   

19.
农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。  相似文献   

20.
车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。  相似文献   

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