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1.
采用溶剂浸提、液液萃取、硅胶柱层析和硅胶薄层层析等分离方法以及红外光谱、质谱和核磁共振谱等光谱技术,初次从龙须菜中纯化得到4种苯丙烷类化合物:邻苯二丙酸、gossonorol、7,10-epoxy-ar-bisabol-11-ol和对羟基苯乙醇,并进一步分析了此4种苯丙烷类化合物对强壮前沟藻、赤潮异弯藻、米氏凯伦藻、球形棕囊藻、东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻生长的影响。结果表明,它们对以上6种赤潮微藻的生长表现出明显的选择性抑制作用。其中,邻苯二丙酸、gossonorol和对羟基苯乙醇表现出更为广泛的抑藻活性。比较此4种苯丙烷类化合物和重铬酸钾对赤潮微藻生长的半抑制效应浓度EC50-96 h,发现邻苯二丙酸对强壮前沟藻、赤潮异弯藻和球形棕囊藻,gossonorol和羟基苯乙醇对赤潮异弯藻和球形棕囊藻,7,10-epoxy-ar-bisabol-11-ol对赤潮异弯藻和米氏凯伦藻在生长抑制方面比重铬酸钾更具有优势。 相似文献
2.
条斑紫菜提取物对4种赤潮微藻生长的抑制作用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
研究条斑紫菜水溶性抽提液对前沟藻、中肋骨条藻、米氏凯伦藻和塔玛亚历山大藻等4种赤潮微藻生长的影响,在此基础上,利用甲醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、氯仿和石油醚等有机溶剂浸泡条斑紫菜干粉,经抑藻圈方法检测条斑紫菜水溶性抽提液的抑藻活性。通过测定藻细胞密度和细胞体积,观察藻细胞形态,分析藻细胞内叶绿素、蛋白质和多糖等生理生化指标的变化,对抑藻活性最大的提取物对前沟藻、米氏凯伦藻、中肋骨条藻和塔玛亚历山大藻赤潮微藻生长的抑制作用进行分析,并依次以石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇为提取溶剂,采用液液分离法对此提取物做了进一步分离。结果表明,当条斑紫菜水溶性抽提液浓度超过16g/L时能显著抑制4种赤潮微藻的生长,尤其是对前沟藻和米氏凯伦藻具有很强的抑制作用。在5种有机溶剂提取物中,甲醇提取物的抑制作用最为明显。进一步研究发现此提取物对4种赤潮微藻的生长抑制显著且具有浓度效应,在16g/L时,此提取物对前沟藻、米氏凯伦藻、中肋骨条藻和塔玛亚历山大藻的生长抑制率分别为70.5%、79.9%、67.1%和65.1%。同时,致使米氏凯伦藻、中肋骨条藻和塔玛亚历山大藻等3种赤潮微藻体积变小,运动能力下降,藻细胞出现空洞、细胞破碎和色素减褪等现象;... 相似文献
3.
浒苔抑藻物质的分离及其对赤潮微藻的抑制作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用液液萃取法和硅胶柱层析法对抑藻物质EPME(methanol extracts of Enteromorpha prolifera)进行分离,通过监测米氏凯伦藻、中肋骨条藻和塔玛亚历山大藻的细胞数量,观察藻细胞形态,分析分离组分的抑藻活性。结果表明,EPME经液液萃取法分离,获得4个组分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ,得率分别为29.0%、19.0%、12.7%和5.45%。其中,仅组分Ⅱ具有明显的抑藻活性。当浓度为1.0 g/L时,组分Ⅱ对米氏凯伦藻、中肋骨条藻和塔玛亚历山大藻的生长抑制率分别为43.4%、44.9%和54.3%。组分Ⅱ经硅胶柱层析法分离,获得5种组分,组分Ⅱ-A、Ⅱ-B、Ⅱ-C、Ⅱ-D和Ⅱ-E。其中,组分Ⅱ-B和组分Ⅱ-C具有明显抑藻活性,并致使3种赤潮微藻的藻细胞出现空洞、细胞破碎和色素减褪等。进一步采用波长扫描和化合物检测方法,分析出此2种组分中含有内酯、香豆素类化合物,并确定了此2种组分硅胶GF254薄层层析分离的适宜展开剂,为后续纯化奠定了良好的实验基础。 相似文献
4.
本文在不同氮磷比(N∶P=4∶1、8∶1、16∶1、32∶1、80∶1)培养条件下,对福建沿海赤潮海域分离的米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)进行培养,研究其生长特性。实验结果表明:不同的氮磷比对米氏凯伦藻的生长有明显的影响。过高或过低的氮磷比均不适合米氏凯伦藻的生长,该藻在N∶P=32∶1条件下比生长率最快,为0.33 d-1。米氏凯伦藻对氮的需求高于磷,在适当的磷限制环境中能够维持更长的生长周期。引发赤潮的主要原因并不是由于米氏凯伦藻赤潮暴发海域的低氮磷比,而是赤潮暴发过程中,米氏凯伦藻对营养盐的大量消耗,尤其是对氮的消耗。 相似文献
5.
光照历史对小檗碱化感抑藻效应的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
蓝藻水华频发严重制约淡水养殖业的健康发展,铜绿微囊藻(Microcystic aeruginosa)为富营养化水体中的优势种;中草药黄连的主要化感物质小檗碱(C20H18NO4)能够有效抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长,并具有环境友好和毒副作用小的特点,光照强度会影响小檗碱对铜绿微囊藻的抑杀效果。将铜绿微囊藻在光照和黑暗条件下分别培养8 d后重新接种至相同的初始密度,添加不同浓度小檗碱(2 mg/L和4 mg/L)后置于光照条件下继续培养6 d,通过分析测定铜绿微囊藻细胞密度和叶绿素荧光参数,研究施药前光照历史对小檗碱化感抑藻效应的影响。结果表明,铜绿微囊藻在黑暗胁迫8 d后表现出超补偿生长效应;2 mg/L小檗碱不能有效抑杀铜绿微囊藻,藻细胞密度和叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、ETRmax、Yield’)均随培养时间延长先下降后升高,6 d时施药前黑暗处理组的藻细胞密度显著高于施药前光照处理组(P<0.05);4 mg/L小檗碱能够有效抑藻,6 d时藻细胞全部死亡,且施药前黑暗处理组与施药前光照处理组藻细胞密度和叶绿素荧光参数下降趋势相同;黑暗胁迫诱导的超补偿生长效应不会影响高浓度(4 mg/L)小檗碱的化感抑藻效应,但会影响低浓度(2 mg/L)小檗碱的化感抑藻效应。 相似文献
6.
《河北渔业》2015,(10)
采用胰蛋白酶对魁蚶蛋白进行不同时间的酶解,比较酶解产物的抑菌活性。选取抑菌活性较好的胰蛋白酶酶解产物进行细菌呼吸抑制研究。通过RP-HPLC对该酶解产物进行分离纯化,采用质谱分析其氨基酸序列。结果表明,胰蛋白酶酶解0.5h所得到的酶解产物对金黄色葡萄球菌及希瓦氏菌具有较好的抑菌活性。其抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和希瓦氏菌的HMP途径。RP-HPLC分离纯化得到了4个抑菌活性较好的组分。对其中第2组分进行质谱分析得到3个目标多肽,其m/z分别为679、792及905,将这3个目标多肽导入De novo Explorer(TM)Software(AB SCIEX;Version 4.1)进行分析,获得了候选抑菌肽氨基酸序列。 相似文献
7.
研究从肉桂中分离纯化出具有抑杀多子小瓜虫活性的化合物。以乙醇为提取剂,用索氏超声提取法从肉桂中提取浸膏,再用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、甲醇为萃取剂,萃取不同有效组分,以不同浓度分别进行杀灭离体多子小瓜虫实验,发现石油醚萃取物的杀虫效果最优。然后对石油醚萃取物采用硅胶层析柱和制备型高效液相色谱进行分离纯化,利用质谱和核磁波谱分析,最终鉴定其杀虫活性成分为肉桂醛;将肉桂醛溶于二甲基亚砜并用二倍梯度稀释法配成不同浓度的药液测试其对离体小瓜虫的杀灭活性。结果表明,100%杀灭滋养体和感染性幼虫的剂量分别为50和8 mg/L,半数有效浓度分别为13.9和1.8 mg/L;使用剂量在50 mg/L可完全抑制小瓜虫包囊孵化。 相似文献
8.
海洋污损生物危害水产养殖,为发现抗污损的天然资源,对入侵植物空心莲子草(Alternantheraphiloxeroides)进行了抗污损活性化学成分研究。分离鉴定了3个皂苷类化合物,分别为3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸基齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯(1)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸甲酯基齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯(2)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸基-30-去甲基-12,20(29)-二烯齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯(3),其中化合物2为首次从该植物中分离得到。初步的抗污损结果表明,皂苷3具有明显的杀灭污损生物藤壶的作用,活性与阳性对照CuSO4相近,但是对卤虫的毒性则远低于相同剂量的CuSO4;部分皂苷混合物也具有一定的选择性杀灭藤壶的作用。 相似文献
9.
采用平板生长抑制法对鼠尾藻Sargassum thunbergiikuntze多酚化合物各分级组分进行抑菌活性研究。结果表明,在一定浓度范围内各分级组分对副溶血弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、沙蚕弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、鳗弧菌、溶藻弧菌和四联微球菌等受试菌株均有抑菌活性。其中,分级组分I(Mr5.0×103)的抑菌效果优于其他组分,对副溶血弧菌、哈维氏弧菌和沙蚕弧菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值为900μg/ml,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、鳗弧菌和溶藻弧菌的MIC值为1 800μg/ml,对四联微球菌的MIC值为3 600μg/ml。另外,组分I(Mr5.0×103)显示出较好的热稳定性,在pH 3~4时对受试菌的抑菌活性最强。 相似文献
10.
夏季高温时,养殖水体水华现象频繁发生,给养殖业带来巨大的损失。常见水生植物释放的活性物质在低浓度下可以起到抑藻作用,对藻类调控具有重要意义。本研究采用实验室静态模拟方法,取养殖池塘暴发蓝藻水华的水体,与沉水植物金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)及篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)进行共培养,研究这2种沉水植物对养殖水华水体营养水平、藻类生长、藻类结构及浮游藻类生物多样性的影响。结果显示,金鱼藻和篦齿眼子菜可显著降低水华水体氮、磷等营养水平(P<0.05);金鱼藻和篦齿眼子菜可有效抑制水华蓝藻(Cyanobacteria)生长,尤其对颤藻和微囊藻(Microcystis sp.)效果显著(P<0.05),且篦齿眼子菜对水华蓝藻抑制效果更为显著。实验结束时,篦齿眼子菜培养组藻密度下降93.6%,生物量下降98.9%,叶绿素a含量下降60.5%;金鱼藻培养组藻密度下降72.5%,生物量下降86.8%,叶绿素a含量下降54.3%;金鱼藻和篦齿眼子菜的存在可促进养殖水体浮游藻类生物多样性增加,且金鱼藻提高浮游藻类生物多样性效果更显著。金鱼藻培养组浮游藻类生物多样性升高98.4%,篦齿眼子菜培养组浮游藻类生物多样性升高50.3%。本研究结果可为未来生态养殖提供理论依据和参考。 相似文献
11.
This study was conducted to gain insight into the characteristics of algal blooms in relation to the marine environment of
Gamak Bay. From the first known occurrence of algal blooms in 1984 until 2006, 23 causal species have been identified, the
most common ones being Prorocentrum sp., Cochlodinium polykrikoides, Chaetoceros sp., Skeletonema costatum, and Heterosigma akashiwo. A principal component analysis indicated that blooms of these species develop under different conditions in terms of water
temperature, salinity, precipitation, and insolation. Field data showed Cochlodinium polykrikoides to be favored by high temperatures and to be euryhaline, whereas Skeletonema costatum appeared to be eurythermal and euryhaline. Prorocentrum sp. and Chaetoceros sp. appeared to be stenothermal and stenohaline. Finally, Heterosigma akashiwo appeared at the lowest temperature and highest salinity of the five species and was classified here as stenothermal and stenohaline. 相似文献
12.
G. Immanuel T. Citarasu V. Sivaram M. Michael Babu A. Palavesam 《Aquaculture International》2007,15(2):137-152
One of the major problems in the shrimp culture industry is the difficulty in producing high-quality shrimp larvae. In larviculture,
quality feeds containing a high content of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) and ingredients that stimulate stress and
disease resistance are essential to produce healthy shrimp larvae. In the present study, Penaeus monodon postlarvae (PL15) were fed for 25 days on an unenriched Artemia diet (control; A) or on a diet of Artemia enriched with either HUFA-rich liver oil of the trash fish Odonus niger (B), probionts [Lactobacillus acidophilus (C1) or yeast-Saccharomyces cerevisiae (C2)] or biomedicinal herbal products (D) that have anti-stress, growth-promoting and anti-microbial characteristics. P. monodon postlarvae fed unenriched Artemia exhibited the lowest weight gain (227.9 ± 8.30 mg) and specific growth rate (9.95 ± 0.05%), while those fed the HUFA-enriched
Artemia (B) exhibited the highest weight gain and specific growth rate (362.34 ± 12.56 mg and 11.77 ± 0.08%, respectively). At the
end of the 25-day rearing experiment, the shrimp postlarvae (PL40) were subjected to a salinity stress study. At both low
and high (0 and 50‰) salinities, the group fed the control diet (A) experienced the highest cumulative mortality indices (CMI)
935.7 ± 2.1 and 1270.7 ± 3.1, respectively. Those fed diet D showed the lowest stress-induced mortality, and CMI were reduced
by 31.1 and 32.3% under conditions of low and high salinity stress, respectively. A 10-day disease challenge test was conducted
with the P. monodon postlarvae (PL40–PL50) by inoculating the shrimp with the pathogen Vibrio harveyi at the rate of 105–107 CFU/ml in all rearing tanks. P. monodon postlarvae fed probiont-encapsulated Artemia diets (C1 and C2) exhibited the highest survival (94.3 and 82.3%, respectively) and lowest pathogen load (V. harveyi) in hepatopancreas (5.2 × 102 ± 9.0 × 10 and 4.6 × 102 ± 9.0 × 10 CFU g−1, respectively) and muscle (2.0 × 102 ± 6 × 10 and 1.7 × 102 ± 8.6 × 10 CFU g−1, respectively) tissues. The shrimp that were fed the unenriched Artemia (Control; A) showed the lowest survival (26.33%) and highest bacterial load in the hepatopancreas (1.0 × 105 ± 5 × 103 CFU g−1) and muscle (3.6 × 104 ± 6 × 102 CFU g−1). The shrimp fed the herbal product (D)-enriched Artemia also exhibited enhanced survival and reduced V. harveyi load in the tissues tested compared to the control diet (A) group. The results are discussed in terms of developing a quality
larval feed to produce healthy shrimp larvae. 相似文献
13.
Araceli Hipólito-Morales A. M. Maeda-Martínez S. F. Martínez-Díaz 《Aquaculture International》2009,17(1):85-90
The effect of Microbacterium sp. strain 8L and Exiguobacterium mexicanum strain 8N was evaluated in the diet of Artemia under xenic conditions. Viable cultures of bacteria were provided to xenic cultures of Artemia in combination with Sacharomyces cerevisiae, cornflour or Spirulina, and the effect on the survival and growth was recorded. The use of these bacterial strains improves significantly the survival
of Artemia independently of the used food (P < 0.05), and variable results were observed in the growth. 相似文献
14.
养殖大菱鲆中牙鲆肠弧菌的分离鉴定及组织病理学 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
2007年1月,山东省胶南某养殖场人工养殖的大菱鲆（Scophthalmus maximus）发生严重病害并大批死亡。病鱼的主要症状是体表溃疡,腹腔积液,肠道肿胀,肝脏萎缩,胆囊暗绿色等。从病鱼胆囊中分离纯化得到优势菌株,命名为da3。人工感染试验证实,该菌株对大菱鲆有较强的致病性。对体重为25 g的大菱鲆的半数致死量为每尾鱼2×106 cfu。通过细菌16S rDNA序列测定及形态学和生理生化特征研究确定,该病原菌为牙鲆肠弧菌（Vibrio ichthyoenteri）。组织病理学观察表明,病鱼的肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、肠道和脑的微观结构发生了明显的病理变化,由此引起的器官功能衰竭可能是病鱼死亡的主要原因。本文结果对大菱鲆细菌性病害的控制具有参考价值。 相似文献
15.
T. Citarasu K. Venkatramalingam M. Micheal Babu R. Raja Jeya Sekar M. Petermarian 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(6):581-595
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could
lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment
in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load
in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
2014年7月至2015年5月采集南海北部陆架海域的多齿蛇鲻(Sauridatumbil)和花斑蛇鲻(Sauridaundosquamis)样本,测量其叉长、体重、性腺成熟度,并读取其耳石和日龄数据,对这2个种的生物学特征进行比较,发现多齿蛇鲻和花斑蛇鲻叉长、体重雌雄间差异显著(P0.05)。多齿蛇鲻雌性与雄性样本,叉长范围分别为109～310 mm、117～283 mm,体重范围分别为13～358 g、20～297 g,日龄范围分别为76～558 d、73～526 d, von Bertalanffy生长方程的相关参数分别为:L_(∞♀)=278 mm, L_(∞♂)=276 mm; K_♀=1.30, K_♂=1.30; t_(0♀)=-0.07 a, t_(0♂)=-0.08 a。雌性性腺成熟度Ⅲ期样本从350～400 d日龄组开始出现,雌性与雄性样本孵化高峰期在3月、7月、9—10月。花斑蛇鲻雌性与雄性样本,叉长范围分别为105～269 mm、95～264 mm,体重范围分别为11～220 g、8～228 g,日龄范围分别为79～486 d、84～488 d, von Bertalanffy生长方程的相关参数分别为:L_(∞♀)=269 mm, L_(∞♂)=265 mm, K_♀=1.29, K_♂=1.29, t_(0♀)=-0.06 a, t_(0♂)=-0.06 a,雌性性腺成熟度Ⅲ期样本从200～250 d日龄组开始出现,雌性与雄性样本孵化高峰期在6—11月。与历史资料进行对比,发现南海海域多齿蛇鲻与花斑蛇鲻出现个体大小逐渐减小、性成熟提前等适应性特征。结论认为,为了南海多齿蛇鲻与花斑蛇鲻渔业资源的可持续发展,需要降低南海近海的捕捞压力以促进南海渔业资源的发展。 相似文献
17.
Bacillus subtilis isolated from the intestine of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) was incorporated into the rearing water of Poecilia reticulata (Peters), Poecilia sphenops (Valenciennes), Xiphophorus helleri (Heckel) and Xiphophorus maculatus (Gunther) at four different concentrations (5 × 108 cells ml−1, 5 × 107 cells ml−1, 5 × 106 cells ml−1 and 5 × 105 cells ml−1) and its effect on fish growth performance and survival, water quality parameters and bacterial population of water were
assessed. The results showed that the addition of bacterial cells in the rearing water resulted in greater survival and a
faster growth rate and, hence, greater length and weight increments of the livebearers. The use of a bioaugmentor in the rearing
water of the livebearing fishes resulted in significantly lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of dissolved organic matter and total ammonium nitrogen. The counts of motile aeromonads and total
coliforms recorded in the water of bioaugmented tanks were also lower than that in the control tank. Bioaugmentation between
106 and 108 cells ml−1 in the rearing water is sufficient in establishing a bioaugmentor and the use of a higher concentration of bacterial cells
did not always lead to significantly better results. 相似文献
18.
为探讨养殖水体底栖鱼类肠道排泄物对铜绿微囊藻休眠体复苏的影响,将青鱼和鲇肠道排泄物与铜绿微囊藻休眠体用野外养殖水域沉积物(底泥)混匀包埋,在10、15和20°C梯度温度下进行休眠体复苏实验。结果显示,铜绿微囊藻休眠体主要复苏期为第3～15天,在10和15°C条件下,青鱼排泄物组(MP)、鲇排泄物组(SA)和青鱼-鲇排泄物混合组(MP-SA)铜绿微囊藻休眠体复苏率均显著高于对照组(CK),且MP组也显著高于SA组和MP-SA组;在20°C条件下,MP组铜绿微囊藻休眠体复苏率显著高于SA组、MP-SA混合组和CK组,但SA组和MP-SA组与CK组复苏率并无显著性差异。实验过程中MP组沉积物中优势菌群以假单胞菌为主,SA组和MP-SA组优势菌群分别以芽孢杆菌和厚壁菌为主,第0～12天为菌群增殖期,且此期间沉积物-水体界面(SWI)实验MP组、SA组和MP-SA组溶解氧含量(DO)和氮磷比(N/P)均显著低于对照组。研究表明,青鱼和鲇肠道排泄物能促进铜绿微囊藻休眠体复苏,且这种促复苏效果在低温区间(10～15°C)更显著,可能是排泄物中菌群在生长增殖期降低了沉积物-水体界面N/P和DO的结果。研究结果对养殖水体底泥清淤和春季铜绿微囊藻水华防控具有一定的理论意义。 相似文献